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硝基四唑及其高氮化合物 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
硝基四唑及其高氮化合物是指分子中含有5-硝基四唑结构的一类高氮化合物,优越的性能和突出的特点使其成为含能材料领域的研究热点之一,在起爆药、推进剂及其燃速催化剂、高能炸药、气体发生剂等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文对硝基四唑的结构与热分解机理进行了分析介绍;全面系统地综述评价了硝基四唑及其盐类和配合物类衍生物的合成、性能表征与应用前景。根据其成盐阳离子的不同,硝基四唑盐类主要包括碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、过渡金属盐、胺盐和高氮杂环阳离子盐。根据配位方式的不同,其配合物可分为配阴离子型和配阳离子型。在此基础上,对硝基四唑及其高氮化合物的未来发展及应用提出了展望。 相似文献
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生物合成是一个微生物催化反应过程,由有特定功能的微生物催化无毒的、可再生的原材料得到产物。近年来,生物合成在含能材料领域的应用受到了国外含能材料专家的广泛关注。本文将概述生物合成在含能材料中的应用研究进展,包括以木糖和葡萄糖为原材料,由生物合成法得到合成某些含能材料的重要前驱体丁三醇、三醋酸己内酯和间苯三酚等化合物;同时简要介绍了部分含能材料的可能生物合成路径,最后,对生物合成法在含能材料领域的应用前景进行了分析。 相似文献
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多叠氮基三唑类高氮化合物的合成与晶体结构 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2,5,2'-三氯-1,1'-偶氮-1,3,4-三唑(1)与叠氮化钠反应首次合成含有多叠氮和四氮烯(N—N=N—N)结构的高氮化合物2,5,2'-三叠氮-1,1'-偶氮-1,3,4-三唑(3). 在相同条件, 2,5,2',5'-四氯-1,1'-偶氮-1,3,4-三唑(2)与叠氮化钠反应没有得到2,5,2',5'-四叠氮-1,1'-偶氮-1,3,4-三唑(b), 而是得到其分解产物3,5-二叠氮基-1,2,4-三唑(4). 用X 射线单晶衍射测定了化合物3和4的晶体结构. 晶体2b通过分子间氢键的相互作用形成具有9元环的三聚体,并由于三唑环共轭体系使氮上的H原子具有酸性,从而导致互变现象发生. 相似文献
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S-四嗪类高氮含能化合物的合成及表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的有机含能化合物生成焓普遍较低,一般为负值或接近于零,所释放的能量主要来源于生成CO2和H2O的放热过程。四嗪类化合物是近年来国外研究较多的一类高氮化合物,其化学潜能主要来源于其正生成焓;同时分子结构中的高氮、低碳、氢含量不仅使其成气量大、燃烧产物少烟或无烟,而 相似文献
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应用裂解气相色谱法测定了含能材料中氟橡胶的含量,方法中选用液体进样法,将试样(如聚黑-14及黑索今等样品,以及氟橡胶标准样品)溶解于乙酸乙酯中,分取其中1μL滴于热带探头的铂金带上,经红外灯烘干除去乙酸乙酯后引入于裂解器中,在600℃裂解8S,最适宜的进样量为108μg。在最佳测定条件下,测得的峰高值与氟橡胶的质量浓度在19.2~28.8g·L^-1范围内呈线性关系。对方法的精密度进行了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.13%。 相似文献
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含能材料起爆过程“热点”理论研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对含能材料起爆机理的深入了解是提高含能材料安全可靠性的根本。"热点"起爆机理是目前被广泛认可的一种理论。本文主要介绍了"热点"理论的产生历史和"热点"模型,以及从宏观和微观两个角度概括总结实验和理论上对"热点"形成机制的新研究成果。比较分析了"热点"模型的有效性,并提出了"热点"起爆理论中存在的一些问题和今后的研究方向。分析表明,"热点"起爆机理是一种重要的且比较复杂的理论,它不仅与含能材料分子结构特性有关,还与晶体缺陷类型以及外界能量注入方式有关。同时,它涉及到外界能量向材料内部热能的转化,并在热、力及化学反应耦合作用下发展的复杂的物理化学过程。因而,从原子分子层次分析微观结构与外界能量的耦合机制是深入理解"热点"理论的有效途径。 相似文献
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A New Strategy for Storage and Transportation of Sensitive High‐Energy Materials: Guest‐Dependent Energy and Sensitivity of 3D Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Energetic Compounds 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Sheng Zhang Dr. Xiangyu Liu Dr. Qi Yang Dr. Zhiyong Su Dr. Wenjuan Gao Prof. Qing Wei Prof. Gang Xie Prof. Sanping Chen Prof. Shengli Gao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(26):7906-7910
Reaction of Co(II) with the nitrogen‐rich ligand N,N‐bis(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐amine (H2bta) leads to a mixed‐valence, 3D, porous, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based, energetic material with the nitrogen content of 51.78%, [Co9(bta)10(Hbta)2(H2O)10]n?(22 H2O)n ( 1 ). Compound 1 was thermohydrated to produce a new, stable, energetic material with the nitrogen content of 59.85% and heat of denotation of 4.537 kcal cm?3, [Co9(bta)10(Hbta)2(H2O)10]n ( 2 ). Sensitivity tests show that 2 is more sensitivity to external stimuli than 1 , reflecting guest‐dependent energy and sensitivity of 3D, MOF‐based, energetic materials. Less‐sensitive 1 can be regarded as a more safe form for storage and transformation to sensitive 2 . 相似文献
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近年来,由于超浸润材料在自清洁、微流体传输和生物相容性等方面的潜在应用,具有极端润湿性的超浸润材料成为了材料领域的一个研究热点。研究表明,除材料表面微纳米结构的构筑外,材料表面能的控制也是制备超浸润材料的另一关键因素。随着对超浸润材料润湿性机理研究的深入,许多不同结构不同类型的低表面能化合物也越来越多地被应用于超浸润材料的制备中。本文从分子结构、化合物类型等角度出发,综述了超浸润材料制备中所大量应用的低表面能化合物,并归纳了pH值、温度、浓度及溶剂等因素对材料低表面能化的影响,总结了低表面能化合物在提高机械强度、制备润湿性转换材料和不同浸润性修饰中的选择和应用情况,最后提出了低表面能化合物应用的一些不足之处并对其发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Lei Mao Xun Zhao Huayu Wang Hong Xu Li Xie Chenglan Zhao Lingyun Chen 《Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)》2020,20(9):922-935
Two dimensional (2D) porous materials have great potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Over the past five years, our research group has focused on Simple, Mass, Homogeneous and Repeatable Synthesis of various 2D porous materials and their applications for electrochemical energy storage especially for supercapacitors (SCs). During the experimental process, through precisely controlling the experimental parameters, such as reaction species, molar ratio of different ions, concentration, pH value of reaction solution, heating temperature, and reaction time, we have successfully achieved the control of crystal structure, composition, crystallinity, morphology, and size of these 2D porous materials including transition metal oxides (TMOs), transition metal hydroxides (TMHOs), transition metal oxalates (TMOXs), transition metal coordination complexes (TMCCs) and carbon materials, as well as their derivatives and composites. We have also named some of them with CQU‐Chen (CQU is the initialism of Chongqing University, Chen is the last name of Lingyun Chen), such as CQU‐Chen‐Co?O‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Ni?O?H‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Zn?Co?O‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Zn?Co?O‐2, CQU‐Chen‐OA?Co‐2‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Co?OA‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Ni?OA‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Co‐3‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Ni‐2‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Co?Ni‐1, etc. The introduction of 2D porous materials as electrode materials for SCs improves the energy storage performances. These materials provide a large number of active sites for ion adsorption, supply plentiful channels for fast ion transport and boost electrical conductivity and facilitate electron transportation and ion penetration. The unique 2D porous structures review is mainly devoted to the introduction of our contribution in the 2D porous nanostructured materials for SC. Finally, the further directions about the preparation of 2D porous materials and electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications are also included. 相似文献
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Quantitative analysis by electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) is usually carried out by reference to materials of known composition (standards) but because of the low X-ray yield arising from electron bombardment of low atomic number elements there is a particular problem when analysing these elements. This paper addresses the problem by describing briefly the production and certification of reference materials for two elements, carbon and nitrogen. Cementite (Fe3C), a line compound, was chosen as a suitable material for carbon and -Fe4N for nitrogen. The compounds were produced by, respectively, carburising or nitriding pure iron under carefully controlled conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on a homogeneity study, background correction methods and methodology validation using these reference materials. A linear relationship was established between the certified content of the material and zero. Certified values (6.69±k 0.13wt% C and 5.77±k 0.094wt% N) were assigned for the composition, where k is the coverage factor. 相似文献
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应用气相色谱-质谱法测定了地板中甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙酸丁酯、正十一烷等8种挥发性有机物质的含量。地板样品(5g)用甲醇(15mL)超声提取20min,所得提取液用Rxi-5ms毛细管色谱柱分离,在选择离子监测模式下测定。8种挥发性有机物质的质量浓度(间二甲苯与对二甲苯合并计算)均在0.5~10.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.05~1.0mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在98.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.3%~6.6%之间。 相似文献