Ground state of excitons in quantum-dot quantum-well nanoparticles： stochastic variational method

Within the framework of effective mass approximation, the ground state of excitons confined in spherical core-shell quantum-dot quantum-well (QDQW) nanoparticles is solved by using the stochastic variational method, in which the finite band offset and the heavy (light) hole exciton states are considered. The calculated 1s_e－1s_h transition energies for the chosen CdS/HgS/CdS QDQW samples are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Moreover, some previous theoretical results are improved.     

CdS纳米粒子的微波法制备及其光谱特性研究

用微波法以硫代乙酰胺为硫源,成功合成了CdS纳米粒子。透射电子显微镜(TEM）对合成的CdS纳米粒子的表征结果为粒径约12 nm, 粒径分布较为均匀,分散性较好。研究了微波功率、pH值、反应时间等因素对其吸收光谱,荧光光谱和粒径的影响。结果表明,在微波功率为30％、初始反应pH 9.0、微波反应时间为25 min时,可合成质量较高的CdS纳米粒子。比较了以硫代乙酰胺、硫脲和硫化钠为硫源合成的CdS纳米粒子,结果表明,以硫代乙酰胺为硫源合成的CdS纳米粒子荧光带边发射强,缺陷发射弱,荧光性质较好;而以硫脲为硫源合成的CdS纳米粒子荧光边带发射弱;以硫化钠为硫源合成的CdS纳米粒子荧光以缺陷发射为主。铜离子在6.4～512 μg·L-1范围内对该纳米粒子荧光的猝灭呈现良好线性, 可用于痕量铜离子的测定。     

CdS纳米粒子的自组装单分子膜制备研究

利用巯基乙酸与草酸的混合自组装单分子膜成功制备了粒径分布均匀的CdS纳米粒子,并用SEM,XRD,XPS,PL对样品进行了表征.SEM表明形成在自组装单分子膜表面上的CdS纳米粒子的平均粒径约为45nm.XPS表明在自组装单分子膜表面形成了CdS纳米粒子.PL谱表明CdS纳米粒子在675nm有一峰值波长,我们认为这一发光是由表面缺陷造成的.     

Photoluminescence of CdS nanoparticles embedded in a starch matrix

CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation in aqueous solution using starch as the capping molecule, and the effect of the pH of the solution on the optical absorption, photoluminescence, and size of the nanoparticles was studied. Absorption spectra, obtained by photoacoustic spectroscopy, indicated that the band gap energy of the crystalline nanoparticles decreased from 2.68 eV down to 2.48 eV by increasing the pH of the solution from 9 up to 14. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the CdS nanoparticles were of zinc blende structure, and that the particle size increased from 1.35 nm up to 2.45 nm with increasing pH. In addition, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the capped material showed a blue-shift of the emission peak for temperatures higher than 150 K, indicating the influence of starch on the formation of defect levels on the surface of the CdS nanoparticles.     

Phase transformation of quasicrystals in aluminium-transition metal alloys

Quasicrystals in Al–Mn, Al–Cu–TM (TM = Fe, Cr, Mn and Ru) and Al–Cu–Fe–Cr alloys can undergo two different modes of phase transformation. Discontinuous transformations of quasicrystals are characterized by the existence of a definite reaction front separating the quasicrystalline phase from the resulting crystalline one; the kinetics are controlled by the migration of the reaction front. Continuous transitions, on the other hand, proceed by structural evolution such as modulation or chemical ordering inside the quasicrystalline phase without creating any high-energy interfaces. Both types of transformations are thermally activated and need atomic diffusion.     

“反胶团法”合成的CdS半导体纳米粒子的光谱性质研究

反相胶束是指由介于油和水界面的表面活性剂分子, 稳定、且均匀分散于连续油介质中的微液滴。它可以作为“微反应器”合成性能优良的CdS粒子。文章研究了反相胶束的W值(W=[水]/[表面活性剂])、[Cd2+]与[S2-]的比例和Cd2+和S2- 离子的起始浓度对CdS纳米粒子发光特性均有明显影响。回流处理可以对CdS纳米粒子的表面进行修饰,可以使CdS粒子的缺陷发光减弱并消失而显著增强激子发射,同时可增大粒径使激子发射峰位红移,体现了明显的量子限域效应; 所得材料的室温最大荧光量子效率高达11%。     

SiO2干凝胶中CdS量子点的光致发光性质

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为SiO2的前驱物,硝酸镉为镉源,硫脲为硫源,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CdS量子点掺杂的SiO2干凝胶,利用XRD、紫外-可见吸收光谱、光致发光谱对其性质进行研究.样品的测试结果表明在SiO2干凝胶的网状结构中形成了CdS量子点,平均粒径为5.1 nm.SiO2凝胶中CdS吸收峰位置明显蓝移.在一定...     

Growth Behavior of CdS Nanoparticles Embedded in Polymer and Sol-Gel Silica Matrices: Relationship with Surface-State Related Luminescence

Chemical techniques were employed to synthesize CdS nanoparticles embedded in polymer (PEG 300) and sol-gel silica matrices. Systematic growth of particles (radius 3–9 nm) was obtained by adjusting post-deposition annealing temperature and time to examine the dependence of surface-state–related luminescence on particle size. Photoluminescence (PL) peak energy showed a linear dependence with a gentle slope in the weak confinement region and a steep slope in the strong confinement region, the divergence being observed near the excitonic Bohr radius for CdS. The empirical relation proposed for the weak confinement region could be used for estimating chemically prepared CdS nanoparticle size with a high degree of reliability from PL peak energy.     

表面修饰的CdS纳米荧光探针的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成硫脲表面修饰的硫化镉纳米粒子[CdS/SC(NH₂)₂],研究硫脲的用量对其粒径的影响,用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜,红外光谱以及荧光光谱等手段进行了表征。并研究了小牛胸腺DNA的加入对该纳米粒子荧光光谱的影响。实验结果表明,硫脲的用量对该纳米粒子的粒径大小及发光特性有明显影响,随反应物中硫脲与镉离子的物质的量的比值增加,CdS/SC(NH₂)₂纳米粒子粒径变小,其发射波长蓝移,表现出明显的量子尺寸特性;小牛胸腺DNA的加入使CdS/SC(NH₂)₂纳米粒子的发射光谱强度减弱,实验推测该纳米粒子与小牛胸腺DNA存在静电相互作用, 该研究结果可望用于DNA的分析测定。     

Synthesis and characterization of CdS/PVA nanocomposite films

A series CdS/PVA nanocomposite films with different amount of Cd salt have been prepared by means of the in situ synthesis method via the reaction of Cd²⁺-dispersed poly vinyl-alcohol (PVA) with H₂S. The as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results indicated the formation of CdS nanoparticles with hexagonal phase in the PVA matrix. The primary FTIR spectra of CdS/PVA nanocomposite in different processing stages have been discussed. The vibrational absorption peak of CdS bond at 405 cm⁻¹ was observed, which further testified the generation of CdS nanoparticles. The TGA results showed incorporation of CdS nanoparticles significantly altered the thermal properties of PVA matrix. The photoluminescence and UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that the CdS/PVA films showed quantum confinement effect.     

Mathematical Equation of Fluorescence Intensity for Polydisperse Sols

This paper describes the aging phenomena of colloidal CdS, using fluorescence emission results. It is known that particles of different sizes have not only different absorption spectra but also different fluorescence spectra. This effect is not surprising, because excitation at different wavelengths leads to the excitation of different size particles that do not have the same fluorescence intensity at the wavelength where the fluorescence is recorded.     

核/壳结构ZnS : Mn/CdS纳米粒子的制备及发光

利用溶剂热法制备了Mn离子掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子(ZnS:Mn),利用沉淀法对ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子进行了不同厚度的CdS无机壳层包覆。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及光致发光(PL)光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。TEM显示粒子为球形,直径大约在14~18nm之间。由XRD结果可以看出CdS壳层的形成过程受到了ZnS∶Mn核的影响,导致其结晶较差。XRD和XPS测量证明了ZnS:Mn/CdS的核壳结构。随着CdS壳层的增厚,样品的发光强度呈现一直减弱的现象。     

用络合转化法在甲壳胺膜上制备CdS、ZnS纳米微粒

结构单元上带有配位基团的天然高分子甲壳胺与Cd2+和Zn2+络合后,通过络合转化方法可以在高分子膜上制备CdS、ZnS等纳米微粒。用这种方法所得微粒尺寸可控、粒径均一、表面缺陷少。     

处理温度及CdS量子点对Eu3+掺杂SiO2干凝胶光致发光性质的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu3+掺杂的SiO2凝胶和Eu3+/CdS量子点共掺杂的 SiO2干凝胶.考察了不同温度下处理2h对Eu3掺杂SiO2凝胶发光性质的影响.在40℃干燥的样品荧光光 谱中,没有出现614 nm发射峰,455 nm处的峰也很弱;随着干燥处理温度的升高,455nm和614 nm...     

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrosulfide Ions by Molecular Oxygen Over Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles

Photocatalytic activity of CdS nanoparticles in hydrosulfide-ions air oxidation was revealed and thoroughly investigated. HS⁻ photooxidation in the presence of CdS nanoparticles results predominantly in the formation of SO₃ ²⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻ ions. Photocatalytic activity of ultrasmall CdS crystallites in HS^– photooxidation is much more prononced as compared to bulk CdS crystals due to high surface area of nanoparticles, their negligible light scattering, improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers etc. It was shown that hydrosulfide ions can be oxidized in two ways. The first is HS⁻ oxidation by the CdS valence band holes. This process rate depends on the rate of comparatively slow reaction between molecular oxygen and CdS conduction band electrons. The second reaction route is the chain-radical HS⁻ oxidation induced by photoexcited CdS nanoparticles and propagating in the bulk of a solution. In conditions favourable to chain-radical oxidation of HS⁻(i.e. at low light intensities and CdS concentration and high oxygen and Na₂S concentrations) quantum yields of the photoreaction reach 2.5.