可溶性聚苯并噻吩的电化学合成

聚噻吩及其衍生物具有良好的导电性 ,优越的电致变色及荧光特性 ,可望用于研制各种新型微电子器件[1,2 ] .因此 ,这类聚合物的合成与表征一直受到广泛关注[3] .噻吩类聚合物是一个庞大的家族 ,其中聚异苯并噻吩早就被合成出来[4 ,5] .三氟化硼乙醚溶液 (ＢＦＥＥ)是电聚合芳香族化合物 (如噻吩、苯等 )的一种优良电解质[6～ 10 ] .在这一介质中 ,单体的氧化聚合电位很低 ,得到的导电高分子膜具有优良的机械力学性能 .本文将报道苯并噻吩在纯ＢＦＥＥ或ＢＦＥＥ与浓硫酸形成的混合电解质中的电化学聚合反应 .用这一方法合成得到了能发出蓝色…     

2-巯基-6-羟基-4,5-二氨基嘧啶的合成改进

巯基 6 羟基 4,5 二氨基嘧啶是合成嘌呤及嘌呤衍生物重要的医药中间体 ,由于嘌呤分子中6位羟基比较活泼 ,从它出发可以合成一系列嘌呤及嘌呤衍生物 ,如 :6 巯基嘌呤、2 ,6 二巯基嘌呤、氯代嘌呤、腺嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤、呋喃氨基嘌呤等。这些嘌呤衍生物具有抗癌、抗病毒和降血压等重要的生物医药活性[1～ 3] 。因此 ,合成 2 巯基 6 羟基 4,5 二氨基嘧啶就显得非常重要 ,其合成方法通常是采用文献报道的方法[4～ 7] :我们在实验和工业生产中发现 ,按照文献的操作方法有许多不太合理的地方 ,对此我们对每一步的操作步骤进行了改进 :( 1 )对第…     

4-取代-2-甲基-6,7-亚甲二氧基-3-喹啉酸乙酯的合成及表征

喹啉及其衍生物是合成抗疟药物和某些金属萃取剂的重要原料[1,2]。文献[3,4]曾报道2,3 二取代喹啉衍生物的合成方法。本文以1,2 亚甲二氧基苯为原料,通过酰化、硝化、还原和催化缩合,得到四种4 取代 2 甲基 6,7 亚甲二氧基 3 喹啉酸乙酯Ⅳ,产率为74～87%。化合物Ⅳa-Ⅳd分别通过IR、1HNMR谱、元素分析和质谱表征。合成路线如图1所示。R=a,CH3;b,C2H5;c,CH2CH2CH3;d,CH(CH3)2。图1　4 取代 2 甲基 6,7 亚甲二氧基 3 喹啉酸乙酯合成路线Fig.1　Syntheticroutenof4 substitrtedethyl 2 methyl 6,7 methylenedioxy 3 quinolinecar…     

2H-1,2,4-苯并噻二嗪-1,1-二氧类化合物的简便合成

2H- 1 ,2 ,4 -苯并噻二嗪 - 1 ,1 -二氧类化合物在药物化学中有广泛的应用。常作为利尿剂 ,促进肾脏对尿的排泄 ,和其他药物混合使用还具有一定的降压作用 ,常作为高血压病的辅助治疗药物。本世纪五十年代发现的氯噻嗪 ( )和双氢氯噻嗪( ) ,利尿作用很强 ,成为利尿药和降压药的重大突破。此外这类化合物还具有抗菌、消炎、刺激毛发生长 [1] 等作用。在这类化合物的合成中 ,关环反应是关键步骤 ,文献报道过的主要方法为 :( 1 )用甲酸或原甲酸乙酯关环 [2 ] ;( 2 )用醛关环 [3 ] ;( 3)高温 (～ 2 0 0℃ )关环[4] 。当磺酰胺 (氮 )上的氢未…     

己基取代的1,4-二(2-噻吩基)苯并[c]哒嗪合成与光谱性质研究

本文设计并合成了一系列含氮原子的缺电子芳香片段,包括以苯并哒嗪作为核心、以富电子噻吩衍生物作为共轭延长链的有机共轭小分子1,4-二(2-噻吩基)苯并[c]哒嗪(5a)、1,4-二[2-(3-己基噻吩基)]苯并[c]哒嗪(5b)和1,4-二[2-(5-己基噻吩基)]苯并[c]哒嗪(5c).通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究,证明在共轭体系中的不同位置引入烷基链,可以有效影响化合物的能隙,调节化合物的光电性质.     

新型N-(2-氧代-2-苯基乙基)-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶酯类衍生物的合成及其抗血小板聚集活性

以5-三苯甲基-5,6,7,7a-四氢噻吩[3,2-c]吡啶-2(4H) 酮为起始原料，依次经酯化、脱保护和亲核取代反应合成了17个新型的N-(2-氧代-2-苯基乙基)-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶酯(1a~1q)；并以2-溴-1-环丙基-2-(2-氟苯基)乙酮合成了新的普拉格雷衍生物(6)，其结构均经¹H NMR和MS(ESI)表征。并通过“ADP对大鼠血小板聚集的影响”的药效学模型初步评价了其抗血小板聚集活性。结果表明：1f， 1p， 1q和6对血小板聚集有一定的抑制作用，其中6在低剂量(3 mg·kg^-1)下的活性优于阳性对照药氯吡格雷。     

2-氨基-4-氯-5-甲基苯磺酸的合成研究

2 氨基 4 氯 5 甲基苯磺酸是合成染料和颜料的重要中间体 ,主要用于合成Ｃ .Ｉ.颜料红等[1] 。目前该产品的合成是以对硝基甲苯为原料 ,经氯化、还原、磺化而成[2 ] 。磺化过程需在压力容器中进行 ,存在成本高 ,溶剂及副产物二氯苯、多氯联苯有毒等问题[3,4] 。为此采用无毒、价廉的汽油和石油醚作为混合溶剂 ,常压下合成 2 氨基 4 氯 5 甲基苯磺酸是本工作的目的。1　实验部分1 .1　主要仪器和药品Ｘ4熔点测定仪 ,日本 2 6 0 5 0型红外光谱仪 ,日本ＬＣ 6Ａ高效液相色谱仪 ,ＪＥＯＬＦＸ 90Ｑ型核磁共振光谱仪 ,美国ＰＥ 2 4 0 0自动元…     

新型4-芳氧基吡啶并[3′,2′∶4,5]噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶衍生物的合成

2-氯-3-氰基吡啶与巯基乙酸乙酯经闭环反应制得3-氨基吡啶并[3,′2′∶4,5]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(1);1与甲酰胺第二次成环生成吡啶并[3,′2′∶4,5]噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-酮(2);2经氯化后与取代苯酚反应合成了12个新型的4-芳氧基吡啶并[3,′2′∶4,5]噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和元素分析表征。     

N-甲基-2-(4-取代哌嗪)-N-[3-(萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙基]乙酰胺衍生物的设计与合成

以N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺(度洛西汀)为原料,通过N-酰氯化反应和N-烷基化反应,合成了5个新型的N-甲基-2-(4-取代哌嗪)-N-[3-(萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)丙基]酰胺衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

2-苯基噻吩的电化学聚合

聚噻吩及其衍生物是一类重要的导电高分子材料,它们具有良好的导电性、高度稳定性以及易于调控的分子链结构．因此,自从人们发现聚噻吩以来,噻吩类化合物,尤其是3-取代噻吩的聚合和表征一直受到人们的广泛关注[1,2]．相对而言,关于2-取代噻吩的聚合几乎还是空白,以往人们对其进行电化学聚合的尝试是不成功的[3]．     

Dioxygenase-catalysed oxidation of monosubstituted thiophenes: sulfoxidation versus dihydrodiol formation

Toluene dioxygenase (TDO)-catalysed sulfoxidation, using Pseudomonas putida UV4, was observed for the thiophene substrates 1A-1N. The unstable thiophene oxide metabolites, 6A-6G, 6K-6N, spontaneously dimerised yielding the corresponding racemic disulfoxide cycloadducts 7A-7G, 7K-7N. Dimeric or crossed [4 + 2] cycloaddition products, derived from the thiophene oxide intermediates 6A and 6D or 6B and 6D, were found when mixtures of thiophene substrates 1A and 1D or 1B and 1D were biotransformed. The thiophene sulfoxide metabolite 6B was also trapped as cycloadducts 17 or 18 using stable dienophiles. Preferential dioxygenase-catalysed oxidation of the substituent on the thiophene ring, including exocyclic sulfoxidation (1H-1J) and cis-dihydroxylation of a phenyl substituent (1G and 1N), was also observed. An enzyme-catalysed deoxygenation of a sulfoxide in P. putida UV4 was noticed when racemic disulfoxide cyclo-adducts 7A, 7B and 7K were converted to the corresponding enantioenriched monosulfoxides 8A, 8B and 8K via a kinetic resolution process. The parent thiophene 1A and the 3-substituted thiophenes 1K-1N were also found to undergo ring dihydroxylation yielding the cis/trans-dihydrodiol metabolites 9A and 9K-9N. Evidence is provided for a dehydrogenase-catalysed desaturation of a heterocyclic dihydrodiol (9Kcis/9Ktrans) to yield the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxythiophene (24) as its preferred thiolactone tautomer (23). A simple model to allow prediction of the structure of metabolites, formed from TDO-catalysed bacterial oxidation of thiophene substrates 1, is presented.     

烯烃对噻吩在介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41活性位物种上吸附脱硫机制的影响

采用后嫁接法制备了不同铝负载量的Al-MCM-41分子筛。运用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py-FTIR等方法对分子筛进行物性表征,利用固定床评价其对噻吩的吸附性能。通过将分子筛吸附噻吩能力与分子筛的酸性质及织构性质进行关联,考察烯烃存在对Al-MCM-41活性位物种吸附脱硫机制的影响。结果表明,铝物种的引入即产生了B酸中心,也同时产生了两种类型的L酸中心L₁和L₂。引入低含量铝物种利于形成B酸中心和L₁型酸中心,引入高含量铝物种利于形成L₂型酸中心。其中,L₂型酸中心对噻吩的吸附效果最佳。烯烃和噻吩在B酸中心发生竞争吸附和催化转化反应,且催化转化反应占主导地位。L₂酸中心的存在促进了B酸中心上的催化转化反应,其所生成的大分子硫化物取代噻吩吸附在分子筛酸活性中心上提高了Al-MCM-41分子筛的饱和吸附硫容量。     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

原位傅里叶变换红外光谱研究Y型分子筛表面酸性对吸附有机分子的影响

采用吡啶原位吸附傅里叶变换红外(Py-FTIR)光谱对液相离子交换(LPIE)和固相离子交换(SSIE)法制备的CeY分子筛以及HY和NaY的酸性进行了测定. 在原位条件下采用单探针分子噻吩、环己烯和苯对其在分子筛上的吸附过程进行了研究; 以噻吩和环己烯、噻吩和苯组成的双探针分子对吸附过程中存在的竞争吸附、催化反应以及吸附机理进行了系统研究. 结果表明, HY和L-CeY 分子筛表面强Brönsted (B)酸性位可导致吸附在其表面的噻吩发生低聚反应以及吸附的环己烯产生二聚环己烯碳正离子. 低聚的噻吩和吸附的环己烯在分子筛上发生强的化学吸附, 进一步抑制和阻碍噻吩硫化物与分子筛吸附活性中心发生作用, 从而降低了吸附剂的选择性以及吸附硫化物的能力. 吸附剂表面Lewis (L)酸中心是吸附的主要活性中心, 大量弱的L 酸, 有利于噻吩吸附. 并且, S-CeY分子筛表面弱的L酸对吸附噻吩具有一定的选择性, 它受到环己烯的影响较小, NaY吸附剂对噻吩、环己烯和苯选择性较差, 它只与吸附质作用的先后有关.     

Theoretical DFT and experimental Raman and NMR studies on thiophene, 3-methylthiophene and selenophene

The results of extended MO calculations using density functional theory (DFT) approximation supported by experimental Raman, ¹H and ¹³C NMR studies on thiophene are reported. Raman spectra of liquid thiophene were re-examined and the performance of a hybrid B3PW91 density functional was compared with the ab initio restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) method. With the basis sets of the 6-311++G^** quality, the DFT calculated bond lengths, dipole moments and harmonic vibrations were predicted in a very good agreement with available experimental data.

Additionally, the results on thiophene were extended by calculations on 3-methylthiophene and selenophene. In this case, a significant change in geometry and charge distribution in thiophene ring due to a methyl group substituent or replacement of sulphur by selene atom was observed.

A linear correlation between the predicted harmonic vibrational frequencies (scaled using SQM method) and experimental ones for thiophene, selenophene and 3-methylthiophene was shown. The theoretically calculated spectra have satisfactorily reproduced the available experimental spectra for thiophene and selenophene.     

A resonance Raman spectroscopic and CASSCF investigation of the Franck-Condon region structural dynamics and conical intersections of thiophene

Resonance Raman spectra were acquired for thiophene in cyclohexane solution with 239.5 and 266 nm excitation wavelengths that were in resonance with ～240?nm first intense absorption band. The spectra indicate that the Franck-Condon region photodissociation dynamics have multidimensional character with motion mostly along the reaction coordinates of six totally symmetry modes and three nontotally symmetry modes. The appearance of the nontotally symmetry modes, the C-S antisymmetry stretch +C-C=C bend mode ν(21)(B(2)) at 754?cm(-1) and the H(7)C(3)-C(4)H(8) twist ν(9)(A(2)) at 906?cm(-1), suggests the existence of two different types of vibronic-couplings or curve-crossings among the excited states in the Franck-Condon region. The electronic transition energies, the excited state structures, and the conical intersection points (1)B(1)/(1)A(1) and (1)B(2)/(1)A(1) between 2?(1)A(1) and 1?(1)B(2) or 1?(1)B(1) potential energy surfaces of thiophene were determined by using complete active space self-consistent field theory computations. These computational results were correlated with the Franck-Condon region structural dynamics of thiophene. The ring opening photodissociation reaction pathway through cleavage of one of the C-S bonds and via the conical intersection point (1)B(1)/(1)A(1) was revealed to be the predominant ultrafast reaction channel for thiophene in the lowest singlet excited state potential energy hypersurface, while the internal conversion pathway via the conical intersection point (1)B(2)/(1)A(1) was found to be the minor decay channel in the lowest singlet excited state potential energy hypersurface.     

meso取代卟啉衍生物的结构和光学性质

meso取代卟啉衍生物在红色电致发光材料上有较大的应用前景.本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,对以反式二噻吩(S)作为能量传输供体的卟啉衍生物,Zn-5,10,15,20-tetra(2-[thiophen-2-yl]thiophene)porphyrin(SPZ)和5,10,15,20-tetra(2-[thiophen-2-yl]thiophene)porphyrin(TSP),进行了全优化.计算了二者的电离能(IP)、电子亲和势(EA)、空穴抽取能(HEP)、电子抽取能(EEP)、空穴和电子重组能(λ),评估了它们的载流子注入和传输能力.用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)/B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法计算了吸收光谱.用从头算单激发组态相互作用(CIS)方法优化了SPZ和TSP的最低激发单重态S1,并用含时Hartree-Fock(TDHF)方法研究它们的荧光光谱.理论计算结果表明,引入S基团对卟啉的光物理性质影响很大,尤其是电子注入和传输性质.     

Echinopsacetylenes A and B, new thiophenes from Echinops transiliensis

Two new polyacetylene thiophenes, echinopsacetylenes A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the roots of Echinops transiliensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical transformations. Echinopsacetylenes A (1) is the first natural product possessing an α-terthienyl moiety covalently linked with another thiophene moiety. Echinopsacetylenes B (2) is the first natural thiophene conjugated with a fatty acid moiety. Echinopsacetylene A (1) showed toxicity against the Formosoan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus).     

1,3-二甲氧甲酰-4,6-二氰基噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩的合成和密度泛函理论研究

设计采用新颖的Pummerer-氰化路线和用亚硫酰氯作S-转移试剂的路线合成了第一例全部连吸电子基的噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩. 用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, 元素分析和X射线衍射分析进行了表征. 用B3LYP/6-31G^*及B3LYP/6- 311＋＋G^**方法全优化计算了1,3-二甲氧甲酰-4,6-二氰基吩并[3,4-c]噻吩分子, 得到几何构型、总能量、标准熵、标准焓和标准自由能, 计算构型与X射线衍射测定结果非常吻合. 并用电荷分布讨论了有关非经典噻吩并[3,4-c]噻吩体系的稳定性, 计算结果能很好地解释有关实验现象.     

Properties of Oligothiophene Dendrimers as a Function of Molecular Architecture and Generation Number

Density functional and time‐dependent density functional calculations using the B3LYP method combined with the 6‐31G(d) and 6‐311++G(d,p) basis sets are performed on symmetric and unsymmetric all‐thiophene dendrimers containing up to 45 thiophene rings. Calculations consider both the neutral and the oxidized states of each dendrimer. The results are used to examine the molecular geometry, the ionization potential, the lowest π–π* transition energy, and the shape of the frontier orbitals. The molecular and electronic properties of these systems depend not only on the number of thiophene rings, as typically occurs for linear oligothiophenes, but also on their symmetric/unsymmetric molecular architecture. Two mathematical models developed to predict the lowest π–π* transition energy of all‐thiophene dendrimers that are inaccessible to quantum mechanical calculations are tested on a dendrimer with 90 thiophene rings.