Localization of Rota–Baxter algebras

A commutative Rota–Baxter algebra can be regarded as a commutative algebra that carries an abstraction of the integral operator. With the motivation of generalizing the study of algebraic geometry to Rota–Baxter algebras, we extend the central concept of localization for commutative algebras to commutative Rota–Baxter algebras. The existence of such a localization is proved and, under mild conditions, its explicit construction is obtained. The existence of tensor products of commutative Rota–Baxter algebras is also proved and the compatibility of localization and the tensor product of Rota–Baxter algebras is established. We further study Rota–Baxter coverings and show that they form a Grothendieck topology.     

Invariant tensors and partial differential equations

We consider tensors with coefficients in a commutative differential algebra A. Using the Lie derivative, we introduce the notion of a tensor invariant under a derivation on an ideal of A. Each system of partial differential equations generates an ideal in some differential algebra. This makes it possible to study invariant tensors on such an ideal. As examples we consider the equations of gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics.     

The cohomology of the complex ofG-invariant forms onG-manifolds

The complex ofG-invariant forms and its cohomology for arbitraryG-manifolds and especially for a certain class ofG-manifolds, which are locally trivial fiber bundles over the orbit space, are considered. The transgression in the differential graded algebra of basic elements for tensor product of two identical Weil algebras of a reductive Lie groupG is calculated. This is used to get two convenient differential graded algebras with the same minimal models as the differential algebra of differential forms on the cross product of two principalG-bundles overG and ofG-invariant forms onG-manifolds of the above class. In particular, for compactG the generalization of the Cartan theorem on the cohomology of a homogeneous space is proved.Partially supported by the grant of the AMS's fSU Aid Fund     

Class and rank of differential modules

A differential module is a module equipped with a square-zero endomorphism. This structure underpins complexes of modules over rings, as well as differential graded modules over graded rings. We establish lower bounds on the class – a substitute for the length of a free complex – and on the rank of a differential module in terms of invariants of its homology. These results specialize to basic theorems in commutative algebra and algebraic topology. One instance is a common generalization of the equicharacteristic case of the New Intersection Theorem of Hochster, Peskine, P. Roberts, and Szpiro, concerning complexes over commutative noetherian rings, and of a theorem of G. Carlsson on differential graded modules over graded polynomial rings.     

From Lie algebra crossed modules to tensor hierarchies

The present paper, though inspired by the use of tensor hierarchies in theoretical physics, establishes their mathematical credentials, especially as genetically related to Lie algebra crossed modules. Gauging procedures in supergravity rely on a pairing – the embedding tensor – between a Leibniz algebra and a Lie algebra. Two such algebras, together with their embedding tensor, form a triple called a Lie-Leibniz triple, of which Lie algebra crossed modules are particular cases. This paper is devoted to showing that any Lie-Leibniz triple induces a differential graded Lie algebra – its associated tensor hierarchy – whose restriction to the category of Lie algebra crossed modules is the canonical assignment associating to any Lie algebra crossed module its corresponding unique 2-term differential graded Lie algebra. This shows that Lie-Leibniz triples form natural generalizations of Lie algebra crossed modules and that their associated tensor hierarchies can be considered as some kind of ‘lie-ization’ of the former. We deem the present construction of such tensor hierarchies clearer and more straightforward than previous derivations. We stress that such a construction suggests the existence of further well-defined Leibniz gauge theories.     

Exact and Semisimple Differential Graded Algebras

In this paper we provide a classification theorem and a structure theorem for exact differential graded algebras, and we use the classification theorem to show that a differential graded algebra A is semisimple (as a differential graded algebra) precisely when the graded algebra Z(A) is semisimple (as a graded algebra) and A is an exact complex. We also relate exact differential graded algebras with a graded version of Hochschild cohomology.     

A Category of Restricted Modules for the Ovisenko-Roger Algebra

In this paper, we study a category of restricted modules for the Ovsienko-Roger algebra, which is an extension of the Virasoro algebra of its tensor density module of degree one. We construct and characterize simple modules in this category and give natural free field realizations of certain restricted modules using the Weyl vertex algebra.

     

Finite universal Korovkin systems in tensor products of commutative Banach algebras

We show that the tensor product of commutative Banach algebras possesses a finite universal Korovkin system, if and only if each of the factors does, and present an explicit construction of finite universal Korovkin systems for several commutative Banach algebras of vector-valued functions. The same questions are answered for the formation of direct sums and the passage to an ideal resp. its associated quotient algebra.     

Sur les algebres de Rees II

The notion of a Rees ring was introduced in view of what one calls today the Artin — Rees lemma. In fact, it is the Rees algebra of an ideal of a commutative ring with identity. We give in this paper a number of results which concern the Rees algebra of a module over a commutative ring with identity which also complete those of a previous paper (cf. [7]). In particular, we show that the Rees algebra of a module can be approached, in a sense which is made precise in the paper, through tensor or symmetric flat algebras.     

Obstructions to homotopy equivalences

An obstruction theory is developed to decide when an isomorphism of rational cohomology can be realized by a rational homotopy equivalence (either between rationally nilpotent spaces, or between commutative graded differential algebras). This is used to show that a cohomology isomorphism can be so realized whenever it can be realized over some field extension (a result obtained independently by Sullivan).In particular an algorithmic method is given to decide when a c.g.d.a. has the same homotopy type as its cohomology (the c.g.d.a. is called formal in this case).The chief technique is the construction of a canonically filtered model for a commutative graded differential algebra (over a field of characteristic zero) by perturbing the minimal model for the cohomology algebra. This filtered model is also used to give a simple construction of the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence arising from the bar construction. An example is given of a c.g.d.a. whose Eilenberg-Moore sequence collapses, yet which is not formal.     

DG Poisson algebra and its universal enveloping algebra

We introduce the notions of differential graded (DG) Poisson algebra and DG Poisson module. Let A be any DG Poisson algebra. We construct the universal enveloping algebra of A explicitly, which is denoted by A^ue. We show that A^ue has a natural DG algebra structure and it satisfies certain universal property. As a consequence of the universal property, it is proved that the category of DG Poisson modules over A is isomorphic to the category of DG modules over A^ue. Furthermore, we prove that the notion of universal enveloping algebra A^ue is well-behaved under opposite algebra and tensor product of DG Poisson algebras. Practical examples of DG Poisson algebras are given throughout the paper including those arising from differential geometry and homological algebra.     

Brauer-Severi schemes of finitely generated algebras

In this paper we characterize the Brauer-Severi scheme of a fixed degree (as defined by M. van den Bergh) of a finitely generated algebra over a commutative ring as the Proj of a graded commutative ring. The author is grateful for support under NSA grant MSPF-95Y-109.     

On the algebra of quasi-shuffles

For any commutative algebra R the shuffle product on the tensor module T(R) can be deformed to a new product. It is called the quasi-shuffle algebra, or stuffle algebra, and denoted T ^q (R). We show that if R is the polynomial algebra, then T ^q (R) is free for some algebraic structure called Commutative TriDendriform (CTD-algebras). This result is part of a structure theorem for CTD-bialgebras which are associative as coalgebras and whose primitive part is commutative. In other words, there is a good triple of operads (As, CTD, Com) analogous to (Com, As, Lie). In the last part we give a similar interpretation of the quasi-shuffle algebra in the noncommutative setting.     

Quasi-Shuffle Products

Given a locally finite graded set A and a commutative, associative operation on A that adds degrees, we construct a commutative multiplication * on the set of noncommutative polynomials in A which we call a quasi-shuffle product; it can be viewed as a generalization of the shuffle product III. We extend this commutative algebra structure to a Hopf algebra (U, *, ); in the case where A is the set of positive integers and the operation on A is addition, this gives the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. If rational coefficients are allowed, the quasi-shuffle product is in fact no more general than the shuffle product; we give an isomorphism exp of the shuffle Hopf algebra (U, III, ) onto (U, *, ) the set L of Lyndon words on A and their images { exp(w) w L} freely generate the algebra (U, *). We also consider the graded dual of (U, *, ). We define a deformation *_q of * that coincides with * when q = 1 and is isomorphic to the concatenation product when q is not a root of unity. Finally, we discuss various examples, particularly the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions (dual to the noncommutative symmetric functions) and the algebra of Euler sums.     

Applications of perturbation theory to iterated fibrations

For a class of spaces including simply connected spaces and classifying spaces of nilpotent groups, relatively small differential graded algebras are constructed over commutative rings with 1 which are chain homotopy equivalent to the singular cochain algebra. An application to finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent groups over the integers is given.     

某些半群子范畴中的张量积

半群范畴S中张量积首先在中引入。T∈ob S称为A,B∈ob S的张量积(记为AB),如果存在双同态t:A×B→T(相当于中线性平衡映射),且对于任意双同态s:A×B→C∈ob S总存在唯一的同态μ:T→C,使s-ut。确认了张量积的存在唯一。等引入交换半群、半格等子范畴中的张量积,其定义与上述基本相同,仅将S改为该子范畴,此外该划了一些半群类的张量积。本文在§1从任意半群簇V中张量积与其在S中     

Weak spectral synthesis in commutative Banach algebras. II

Let A be a semisimple and regular commutative Banach algebra with structure space Δ(A). Continuing our investigation in [E. Kaniuth, Weak spectral synthesis in commutative Banach algebras, J. Funct. Anal. 254 (2008) 987-1002], we establish various results on intersections and unions of weak spectral sets and weak Ditkin sets in Δ(A). As an important example, the algebra of n-times continuously differentiable functions is studied in detail. In addition, we prove a theorem on spectral synthesis for projective tensor products of commutative Banach algebras which applies to Fourier algebras of locally compact groups.     

On the Image of the Totaling Functor

Let A be a differential graded (DG) algebra with a trivial differential over a commutative unital ring. This paper investigates the image of the totaling functor, defined from the category of complexes of graded A-modules to the category of DG A-modules. Specifically, we exhibit a special class of semifree DG A-modules which can always be expressed as the totaling of some complex of graded free A-modules. As a corollary, we also provide results concerning the image of the totaling functor when A is a polynomial ring over a field.     

Length two extensions of modules for the Witt algebra

In this paper, we establish an explicit classification of length two extensions of tensor modules for the Witt algebra using the cohomology of the Witt algebra with coe?cients in the module of the space of homomorphisms between the two modules of interest. To do this we extended our module to a module that has a compatible action of the commutative algebra of Laurent polynomials in one variable. In this setting, we are be able to directly compute all possible 1-cocycles.     

Hochschild cohomology of a strongly homotopy commutative algebra

The Hochschild cohomology of a DG algebra A with coefficients in itself is, up to a suspension of degrees, a graded Lie algebra. The purpose of this paper is to prove that a certain DG Lie algebra of derivations appears as a finite codimensional graded sub Lie algebra of this Lie algebra when A is a strongly homotopy commutative algebra whose homology is concentrated in finitely many degrees. This result has interesting implications for the free the loop space homology which we explore here as well.