淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成;淀粉; 阳离子; 两性絮凝剂     

阳离子淀粉-壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚研究

以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成阳离子淀粉(CS)-壳聚糖(CTS)-丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚物,讨论了反应温度、引发剂浓度、单体用量、反应时间以及壳聚糖用量对接枝共聚反应的影响。结果表明:淀粉中葡萄糖环浓度(cAGU)为0.20 mol/L,mCTS/mCS=1/6,cAM=1.0mol/L,cCe4 =5 mmol/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间3 h时,转化率和接枝效率可分别达到88%和92%以上;转化率随mCTS/mCS增大而增大,接枝效率则随着CTS用量增大降低,CTS的存在使AM均聚的几率增大。     

接枝型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂对石材废水的絮凝降浊性能与机理研究

混凝/絮凝工艺是去除废水中悬浮胶体颗粒、降低浊度的有效手段.本研究以一种常见的天然高分子材料——淀粉为原材,以丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为共聚单体,采用接枝共聚技术,开发了一系列接枝链分布相同、但电荷密度及平均接枝链链长不同的接枝型阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂:淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酰胺-聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(St-G).并以一种具有高浊度特征的行业废水——石材废水为研究对象,详细讨论了St-G的结构因素(电荷密度与平均接枝链链长)及环境因素(絮凝剂投加量和pH等)对其絮凝性能的影响,结合絮凝后上清液Zeta电位、絮体结构的动态监测结果以及扩展DLVO(Derjguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek)胶体稳定理论等,详细探究了其絮凝机理.研究结果表明, St-G对石材废水的絮凝性能明显优于传统无机混凝剂聚合氯化铝, St-G对石材废水的除浊作用主要是电荷碎片机制为主导,且与黏结架桥作用协同作用的结果.随着St-G电荷密度的增加,其浊度去除率增加而对应最佳絮凝剂用量减少,且絮体破碎后恢复因子增加;而絮体尺寸、絮体生长速度及其破碎因子均与St-G平均接枝链链长呈正相...     

高分子絮凝剂淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的合成与应用

通过对硝酸铈铵、过硫酸钾、高锰酸钾三种引发体系的筛选,探讨了引发剂种类及浓度、单体浓度、反应温度、反应时间、玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺的质量配比等因素对接枝共聚的影响。正交试验表明,当引发剂用量为1.1mmol/L,淀粉用量为35 g/L,AM单体用量为1.48mol/L,反应温度为25℃,反应时间2 h时,粘度最高可达587.83m l/g。用IR、DSC等手段对反应的产物进行了分析表征。选用此接枝物用量50g/t干煤泥,辅以凝聚剂用量1.5kg/t干煤泥进行絮凝试验,有效解决了潘一选煤厂煤泥水中细粒含量多、压滤处理困难的特点,处理能力达75 t/h,滤饼水分可控制在25(左右,滤液水浓度在60g/L左右,与非离子型PAM相比,具有价廉、无毒、絮凝效果好等特点,从环保和应用方面为细粒煤泥水的处理与利用提供了一条有效的途径。     

淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺阳离子絮凝剂的合成及应用——推荐一个高分子化学综合实验

介绍一个综合化学实验。实验通过淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝聚合反应和阳离子化改性,合成了一种新型淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺阳离子高分子絮凝剂,进行了结构表征,以人工模拟染料废水和重金属离子废水为实验对象,探究了合成的聚丙烯酰胺、淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺和淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺阳离子絮凝剂在废水净化中的应用。本实验理论与实践相结合,有助于激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的学科交叉融合思维和分析解决问题的能力。     

阳离子淀粉吸附脱色性能的研究

本文对阳离子淀粉(CST)的吸附性能进行了系统的研究。实验表明阳离子淀粉对各种阴离子染料的吸附,主要是化学吸附。在pH为2～8范围内和室温下,对不同结构的阴离子染料均有一定吸附脱色效果。     

水包水型阳离子乳液絮凝剂的合成及其应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为主要单体在聚乙二醇20000(PEG 20000)溶液中进行自由基共聚合成了固含量高、絮凝效果好且速溶的水包水型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液。在充氮气30 min,60℃下反应5 h,AM和DAC质量百分数分别为20%和0.5%的最优条件下,合成的阳离子絮凝剂(CPF)乳液对生化污水上清液透光率达到95%。红外光谱分析表明,聚合物分子结构中含有AM和DAC链节。     

木质素阳离子絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能研究

以酶解木质素、甲醛、二甲胺及阳离子化试剂为原料,制备了木质素基阳离子絮凝剂.改变阳离子化试剂的用量、缩合反应的温度和时间等因素,制备不同阳离子度的木质素阳离子絮凝剂;通过其对酸性黑10B的脱色效果研究,确定了最优的制备方案.利用最优条件制备的木质素阳离子絮凝剂对三种不同种类阴离子染料废水进行了絮凝脱色处理.结果表明,原...     

新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备

玉米芯;新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备     

壳聚糖改性絮凝剂絮凝性能的研究

壳聚糖是一种性能优异的天然高分子材料。由于糖环上含有氨基,在酸性溶液中易形成阳离子型聚电解质,在水处理中显示出良好的絮凝性能。为了进一步提高壳聚糖的水处理性能,人们还通过化学方法制备高效壳聚糖改性絮凝剂材料。本文以一种壳聚糖改性絮凝剂——壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺共聚物为研究对象,以高岭土悬浊液为模拟水样,通过实验室烧杯实验,系统地研究了该材料的实际絮凝性能,考察了新型絮凝剂投加量和实际絮凝效果与原水温度、浊度的对应关系,并从絮凝机理角度讨论了絮凝剂投加量的变化规律。     

Ammonium persulfate-initiated polymerization of cationic starch-grafted-cationic polyacrylamide flocculant for the enhanced flocculation of oil sludge suspension

In this study, a novel, highly efficient and environmentally friendly flocculant, namely, cationic starch-grafted-cationic polyacrylamide (CS-g-CPAM), was synthesized by initiation polymerization of ammonium persulfate. First, CS-g-CPAM was polymerized with cationic starch(CS), acrylamide(AM) and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), and then the influence factors of graft polymerization were investigated, including total monomer concentration, initiator dosage, the monomer mass ratio of m_AM: m_CS: m_DMDAAC, post-polymerization temperature and post-polymerization time. And the intrinsic viscosity of the CS-g-CPAM was measured by the one point method accurately. The chemical structures and morphology of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The CS-g-CPAM was utilized to flocculate the oil sludge suspension, the effects of CS-g-CPAM dosage, temperature and pH value on the flocculation performance were investigated. The results show that CS-g-CPAM has outstanding flocculation effect.     

Synthesis of hydrophobic association cationic starch and its flocculation application on containing algae water of Dianchi Lake

The hydrophobic formation cationic starch (PSOAMDA) was prepared from starch (St), octadecyl acrylate (OA), acrylamide (AM) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) by means of inverse suspension polymerization with redox initiator. Water with algae from Dianchi Lake was tested with PSOAMDA. Results show that when the molar ratio of St: AM: DMDAAC: OA is 4:8:1.5:0.6 and the reaction temperature is 40°C with a reaction time of 3 h, the monomer conversion yield, graft percentage and cationic degree is 92.4%, 63.8% and 7.3%, respectively, and M _η = 3.26×10⁶ g/vmol. It had been found from the flocculation of disposed water with algae from Dianchi Lake that the transparency and COD elimination reach to 93.5% and 70.3%, respectively, with 15 mg/L PSOAMDA and at pH 6, vs. 91.3% and 69.2% obtained with the commercial cationic polyacrylamide (PAM-C). When PSOAMDA dosage is 10–25 mg/L and the pH of aqueous solution is 6–10, the flocculation performance is well capable of dealing with the water with algae from Dianchi Lake. __________ Translated from Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2007, 29(2): 177–182 [译自: 云南大学学报(自然科学版)]     

壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚及其絮凝性能

壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚及其絮凝性能;壳聚糖;丙烯酰胺;接枝共聚;絮凝     

多功能高分子植物生长剂制备及其应用

高吸水树脂以其吸水性强、吸水速度快、保水能力强等优点。广泛用于农业、园林、卫生材料等方面[1～4] 。本文制备的高吸水树脂是以过硫酸钾为引发剂 ,淀粉为原料 ,使之接枝并适度交联。交联产物经醇解、脱水、干燥、粉碎即得吸水倍数大于 70 0倍的吸水树脂 ,并对主要影响因素进行正交优化 ,在最佳条件下制得的吸水树脂配以一定量有效微生物群 ,制得具有吸水、保水、促生长及可降解的多功能植物生长剂。1　实验部分1 1　主要试剂及仪器玉米淀粉 (市售 ,1 0 5℃下烘干 ,干燥保存 )、过硫酸钾 (ＣＰ)、丙烯酸 (ＣＰ ,用前减压蒸馏精制 )、Ｎ …     

两性淀粉接枝共聚物的就地制备和性质

糊化淀粉经阳离子试剂醚化后再直接与丙烯酸钠(AA-Na)/丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚,制得具有两性的淀粉接枝共聚物。并对淀粉的阳离子试剂醚化、淀粉与AA-Na/AM接枝共聚的接枝率、单体转化率、接枝效率及淀粉的糊化方式对产物性能的影响进行了研究。为工厂就地生产和应用两性淀粉接枝共聚物提供技术依据。     

Study on the interaction between a fluorine-containing amphiphilic cationic copolymer and nucleic acid by resonance light scattering technique

A novel fluorine-containing amphiphilic cationic copolymer P(HFMA-St-MOTAC)-g-PEG was synthesized as a new probe to detect DNA based on the RLS technique. The aggregation of P(HFMA-St-MOTAC)-g-PEG on the molecular surface of DNA occurred under pH 4.0-7.0 resulted in an enhanced resonance light-scattering (RLS) peaks at 370 nm, 400 nm, 420 nm and 470 nm. The intensity of resonance light-scattering was found to be proportional to the concentration of DNA. The detection limit was 5.8 μg L⁻¹. It was found that the P(HFMA-St-MOTAC)-g-PEG has strong interaction with DNA as confirmed by the resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, UV spectra, IR spectra, and TEM.     

Novel pyridinium salts as cationic thermal and photoinitiators and their photosensitization properties

Novel pyridinium salts [N‐(α‐phenylbenzyl)‐, N‐(1‐naphthylmethyl)‐, or N‐cinnamyl p‐ or o‐cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonates] were synthesized by the reaction of p‐ or o‐cyanopyridine and the corresponding bromides followed by anion exchange with KSbF₆. These pyridinium salts polymerized epoxy monomers at lower temperatures than previously reported for N‐benzyl‐2‐cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate. The o‐substituted pyridinium salts showed higher activity than the p‐substituted ones, and the crosslinked epoxy polymers cured with these initiators showed higher glass‐transition temperatures. These pyridinium salts photoinitiated radical polymerization as well as cationic polymerization. The photopolymerization was accelerated by the addition of aromatic ketones as photosensitizers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1037–1046, 2002     

A High Performance Flocculating Agent and Viscosifiers Based On Cationic Guar Gum

The anionic, cationic and nonionic polymeric flocculants endowed with several distinguished characteristics are being increasingly applied for the treatment of industrial effluents, municipal and wastewater. For the treatment of highly negatively charged particle suspensions, cationic flocculants are more efficient. A new route to guar gum derivatives bearing cationic groups has been developed. A series of cationic guar gums (Cat GG) have been developed by incorporating a cationic moiety N- (3- Chloro-2- hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) onto the backbone of guar gum in presence of NaOH. The various grades of cationic guar gum have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and intrinsic viscosity measurement. The flocculation characteristics of these cationic guar gums have been evaluated in silica suspension by jar test. It has been found that among the various grades of cationic guar gums, the one with longer CHPTAC chains shows better performance. The flocculation characteristics of this best performing cationic guar are compared with those of various commercially available flocculants in silica suspension. Their rheological investigations have also been undertaken.