基于红外掩日通量法(SOF)污染源排放气体浓度时空分布反演算法研究

介绍了在傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术基础上发展起来的一种监测污染源有害气体排放率的新方法——红外掩日通量(solar occultation flux,SOF)法.在理论上建立了太阳辐射两层传输模型,根据比尔定律阐述了计算污染物透过率的方法.详细介绍了如何从HITRAN,NIST和QAsoft三种红外数据库中提取气体标准吸收截面.介绍了基于Levenberg-Marquardt非线性最小二乘法反演污染气体柱浓度的算法和污染源气体排放率计算算法.介绍了整套装置的组成部分和太阳跟踪装置的结构.对合肥某一化肥厂的氨气排放进行了测量,从实验结果可以看出,测量的柱浓度分布准确地反应了污染物排放和扩散情况,证明了污染源排放气体浓度时空分布反演算法的正确性.     

Free vibration analysis by the superposition method of rectangular Mindlin plates with internal columns resting on uniform elastic edge supports

Free vibration analysis of rectangular Mindlin plates is carried out via the superposition method and is shown to produce accurate results. The analytical method proposed by the authors in this paper solves the problem for the case where the plate has simultaneous elastic edge and internal supports. The conditions of edge supports are uniform lateral, rotational and torsional elastic supports, whereas, the internal supports are column supports with finite area. Compatibility between the plate and column is achieved by requiring that the column and plate rotations be equal. The results presented herein are verified through comparison with results presented by others. Numerical examples presented in this study confirm that the analytical method is able to model the property of the elastic edge supports while simultaneously considering the effect of column restraint, an effect which increases with column number and area.     

On Electron Concentration Distribution along the Radius of the Positive Column of a Glow Discharge in Electronegative Gases

It is shown in this paper that the form of the electron concentration distribution along the radius of the positive column in an oxygen discharge depends on the relative concentration of negative ions α = n_-/n_e in the plasma. It is found that in discharges in electronegative gases everywhere along the radius of the positive column, where α > 10, the electron concentration is equal to its value on the tube axis (plane electron distribution along the radius of the positive column). It is shown that an increase of the discharge current leads to the decrease of α and to the change of the distribution of profile n_e from plane to parabolic. However, weak laminar oxygen pumping along the positive column leads to more plane an electron concentration distribution because an increase of the negative ions concentration takes place. It is induced by the decrease of oxygen atoms density on account of their carrying out by the flow.     

Free vibrations and stability of stepped columns with cracks

In this paper, a solution to the free vibration problem of a stepped column with cracks is presented. The open cracks occur at step changes in the cross-section of the column or at the intermediate points of the uniform segments. The cracks in the column are represented by massless rotational springs. The frequency equation is obtained by using properties of the Green's functions corresponding to the uniform segments of the column. The approach pertains to the vibration of columns consisting of an arbitrary number of uniform segments. The stability of the column, which depends on the position and size of the cracks, is numerically investigated.     

Higher-frequency extension of the gauging ranges of vector receivers in the nonuniform field of measuring chambers

The paper discusses the frequency-dependent error of gauging acoustic receivers in the field of a standing wave and the fundamental possibility of extending the operating range of gauging of hydrophones toward high frequencies and finite-size vector receivers (acoustic pressure gradient receivers) in a vertical liquid column, oscillating in a small-volume cylindrical chamber.     

基于N2 LBH带的中高层大气氧分子柱密度反演

给出了一种利用气辉探测反演中高层大气氧分子柱密度的新方法。氧分子对N₂ Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH)短波带(LBH_S)的吸收作用较强,而对N₂ LBH长波带(LBH_L)的吸收作用较弱,根据这一特性,利用N₂ LBH_S与N₂ LBH_L的比值来反演中高层大气氧分子柱密度。通过气辉模型计算得到一个用于估计氧气含量的插值表,计算得到在不同氧分子柱密度、不同太阳天顶角、卫星观测角和太阳活动条件下的N₂ LBH长短波带比值的自然对数ln(LBH_S/LBH_L),根据探测的ln(LBH_S/LBH_L)及相应的太阳天顶角、卫星观测角和太阳活动指数,拟合得到氧分子柱密度。最后,采用模式模拟的方法对反演结果进行验证,所得反演结果与模拟真值的误差在百分之十以内,证明了这种探测中高层大气氧分子柱密度新途径的可行性。     

Effect of staggered array structure on the flow field of micro gas chromatographic column

A new design of staggered array semi-packed micro gas chromatographic column was presented based on the micro electromechanical system(MEMS)technology.It was a sensor for gas sample analysis.The internal velocity fields of ten types of semi-packed micro gas chromatographic column were studied.The effects of array spacing and dislocation spacing on the flow field distribution were investigated.The results show that on the basis of ensuring the formation of virtual wall,with the increase of array spacing,the maximum velocity difference between the flow channels in the vertical direction decreases gradually,but the velocity difference in the flow channels a and b increases.When the inlet velocity was set to be 0.18 m/s,the maximum velocity difference in the channel of the staggered semi-packed micro gas chromatography column 3(CSAC3)was 0.05610 m/s.The maximum velocity difference in the channel a was 0.09160 m/s.The maximum velocity difference in the channel b was 0.02401 m/s.CSAC3 had a more uniform velocity field distribution,which can effectively suppress the laminar flow effect during chromatographic separation,and had a smaller pressure distribution,which puts forward lower requirements for carrier gas system.The staggered array semi-packed micro gas chromatography column proposed in this paper can effectively improve the velocity field distribution and pressure distribution in the channel,and provide a theoretical basis for the design of the new micro gas chromatography column structure.     

应用于激光外差辐射计的高精度太阳跟踪仪

报道了一套适用于激光外差辐射计的高精度太阳跟踪仪,为激光外差辐射计提供用以反演大气成分的柱浓度和垂直廓线的太阳光。太阳跟踪系统采用太阳运行轨迹跟踪与光电跟踪相结合的跟踪方式,具有精度高、全时空特点。测量了该太阳跟踪仪的跟踪精度,X和Y轴方向跟踪精度分别达到0.068°和0.06°,能够满足激光外差辐射计在大气和天文领域中对太阳光收集的要求。进而把太阳跟踪仪与实验室研制的激光外差辐射计集合起来,测量了3.5 μm附近的太阳光谱,得到了CH₄在整层大气中的吸收情况,为下一步反演整层大气中CH₄的柱浓度和垂直廓线奠定了基础。     

A Waveguide-Based Launcher to Sustain Long Plasma Columns through the Propagation of an Electromagnetic Surface Wave

Long plasma columns of high electron densities, in many instances preferable to the positive column plasmas of dc discharges, can be sustained by means of an electromagnetic surface wave that propagates along the column at microwave frequencies. This paper presents a waveguide-based launcher (surfaguide) that can efficiently generate such plasma columns. It is a broadband device that can be operated with microwave powers of the order of kilowatts. The surfaguide is described and analyzed in terms of equivalent circuit theory. Guidelines for its design and operation are given.     

Wave generation at the spin-up process in the rotating plasma

This paper deals with some transient in the semi-infinite plasma column rotating as a rigid body with the constant angular velocity . The plasma is penetrated by the homogeneous magnetic field, parallel to the column axis, it is collisionless, cold, incompressible. The response of this system to the small abrupt change in the angular velocity at the column base is studied by performing the Laplace transform of the perturbations in time. It is found that there are effectively two distinct modes of wave-propagation generated by the complicated interaction and balance among the viscous-magnetic diffusion, ion-cyclotron gyration, plasma centrifugal action and Alfvén propagation. The region between their respective wave fronts supports an important class of spatial harmonic oscillations produced by the coupling effect of ion-gyration and inertial oscillations. The characteristics of these waves are discussed for many cases of greatest interest. The solution so obtained is found to be valid for all times.     

外加磁场、电流及弧柱半径对电弧螺旋不稳定性的影响

采用与时间有关的线性微扰理论，研究了存在气流作用下，外加磁场、弧电流以及弧柱半径对电弧螺旋不稳定性的影响，给出了稳定性条件和不稳定性增长率等定量结果. 关键词： 电弧 稳定性 轴向磁场 弧柱半径     

Reabsorption of the line radiation of a plasma

A method to take account of reabsorption of the spectrum line radiation of an axially symmetric plasma column is proposed in this paper. The absorption coefficient of the silicon lines radiated by a standard IFP-800 pulse lamp is estimated by this method.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 19–24, December, 1979.     

氨水吸收式制冷机精馏过程液泛工况实验研究

对于氨水吸收式制冷的精馏过程,其稳态传热传质平衡模型一旦破坏,精馏效果会迅速恶化。文中以筛板式精馏塔为研究对象,人为控制精馏过程塔板在冲塔和淹塔两种液泛工况下,分析了精馏段和整机性能。结果表明,发生液泛时,精馏塔的精馏操作和整机性能完全破坏。     

Effects of thermo-physical and flow parameters on the static and dynamic burning of a cigarette

Effects of thermo-physical and operating parameters influencing the combustion of a cigarette were systematically studied using a three-dimensional first-principles-based mathematical model. Thermo-physical properties include packing density and thermal conductivity of materials forming the packed bed in the cigarette, and operating parameters include ambient oxygen concentration, air flow rate through the cigarette, and the ambient cross flow. The model was first validated with the existing experimental data which provided a satisfactory result. Increasing the ambient cross flow while increasing the burn rate and temperatures in the cigarette column, decreases the delivery of gaseous products owing to air infiltration through the paper into the column and enhances diffusion of gases out of column. Reducing the oxygen concentration reduces the burn rate to a point at which burning would be extinguished during the smoldering step. Increasing the air flow monotonically increases the burn rate, temperature and delivery of products in a burning cigarette. While thermal conductivity in the range varied here (50% above and 50% below the base case) it did not significantly affect the outcomes of the burning process; decreasing the packing density increases the heat generated and solid and gas temperatures, and decreases the delivery of some gaseous products.     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的大气痕量气体二维观测方法

基于差分吸收光谱技术, 对大气痕量气体二维观测方法进行研究. 对常规多轴差分吸收光谱系统进行改进, 使望远镜可指向不同方位角, 获取测量点各方位角上的痕量气体信息, 从而更直观地了解测量点四周污染气体分布及其演变情况. 主要对NO₂浓度分布进行了研究, 同时获取了不同方位角上的O₄斜柱浓度; 采用辐射传输模型模拟计算O₄斜柱浓度并与实测数据对比, 结果表明二者具有高度相关性, 验证了大气中O₄分布的稳定性; 基于实测O₄数据提取光路信息, 结合辐射传输模型对NO₂和O₄因廓线不同造成的散射路径差异进行修正, 将NO₂斜柱浓度进一步转化为体积混合比, 获得了不同方位角上NO₂ 浓度分布图. 将计算结果与长光程差分吸收光谱技术数据进行对比, 结果表明二者具有较好的一致性.