Chemical,magnetic and charge ordering in the system hematite–ilmenite,Fe2O3–FeTiO3

Spin polarized electronic structure calculations of total energies for ordered supercells in the system Fe₂O₃–FeTiO₃ suggest that some layered ordered phases are more stable than an isocompositional mechanical mixture of hematite, Fe₂O₃, and ilmenite, FeTiO₃. This result contradicts established ideas about hematite–ilmenite phase relations because it suggests that there is at least one stable ordered phase with a bulk composition intermediate between hematite and ilmenite. It is not clear if this result is an artifact of the approximations made in generalized gradient spin density functional calculations, or if an intermediate phase, or phases, is in fact stable. The electronic structure of a 30-atom layered supercell was studied by a variety of techniques. The supercell structure is FTFFFT, where F is an Fe layer and T is a Ti layer perpendicular to the hexagonal c axis. The idea was to investigate possible charge ordering on Fe sites, that is a postulate of the ‘lamellar magnetism hypothesis’, but significant Fe²⁺–Fe³⁺ordering is not predicted.     

Quantum cybernetics: a new perspective for Nelson's stochastic theory,nonlocality, and the Klein–Gordon equation

The Klein–Gordon equation is shown to be equivalent to coupled partial differential equations for a sub-quantum Brownian movement of a “particle”, which is both passively affected by, and actively affecting, a diffusion process of its generally nonlocal environment. This indicates circularly causal, or “cybernetic”, relationships between “particles” and their surroundings. Moreover, in the relativistic domain, the original stochastic theory of Nelson is shown to hold as a limiting case only, i.e., for a vanishing quantum potential.     

Modern Trends in Physics Research. Third International Conference on Modern Trends in Physics Research. Cairo,Egypt 6–10 April 2008, edited by Lotfia M. El Nadi

The reaction power densities for the important nuclear fusion reactions are compared with the radiation losses due to Bremsstrahlung and cyclotron radiation. Some properties of an ionized plasma and the particle motions in such a plasma are discussed and methods of containing a plasma within magnetic confining fields are described. The present ideas on the stability of such confining fields, resulting from several theoretical studies, are outlined, and various means of heating the plasma are discussed. The main features of the experimental devices disclosed at Geneva in 1958 are compared, and the leading experimental results reported at the 1959 I.E.E. Convention on Thermonuclear Processes are reviewed.     

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization–enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: Chemical and biochemical reactions in nonequilibrium conditions

Hyperpolarization techniques, in particular dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP), make a contribution to overcoming sensitivity limitations of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy through signal enhancement, leading to the study of new fields of research in real time. Utilizing the large signal enhancement initially produced on small molecules, it has become possible to study systems with low γ nuclei, such as ¹³C, ¹⁵N, and ²⁹Si. This review summarizes recent studies that have extended the applicability of D-DNP into various areas of research, especially for systems in nonequilibrium conditions that involve in vivo metabolic/molecular MR imaging for early stage disease diagnosis and real-time MR analysis of various chemical/biochemical reactions for kinetic and mechanistic studies. This review also deals with the theoretical aspects of DNP mechanisms and experimental arrangements of the dissolution setup.     

Application of Advanced Synchrotron Radiation–Based and Conventional Molecular Techniques in Recent Research on Molecular Structure,Metabolic Characteristics,and Nutrition in Coproducts from Biofuel Processing

Abstract

Advanced synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy, as a nondestructive and rapid analytical technique, is able to simultaneously reveal the structural, chemical, and environmental features of biomaterials at cellular and molecular levels within intact tissue. However, to date, this advanced synchrotron-based technique is still seldom used by feed and nutrition scientists. This article aims to provide detailed information regarding how to apply advanced synchrotron radiation–based and conventional molecular techniques to research in coproducts from biofuel processing on the molecular structure, metabolic characteristics, and nutrition. The information described in this article provides better insight on coproduct research progress and updates with advanced synchrotron radiation-based and globar-based (conventional) molecular spectroscopy.     

Carbonate–silicate fillers: their production,properties and application in plastic and paper industries

Precipitation of highly dispersed carbonate-silicate fillers was conducted in the presence of various supplements which affected surface morphology of the particles and their hydrophobic character. The supplements included acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol, ethylene glycol and glycerin).     

121st Statistical Mechanics Conference Rutgers University,Busch Campus,Hill Center Room 114, Sunday,May 12, 2019–Tuesday May 14, 2019 Guests of Honor: Curtis Callan,Nigel Goldenfeld,and Horng-Tzer Yau

Journal of Statistical Physics -