He／K系统两步激励产生极紫外相干辐射机制中的斯托克斯及反斯托克斯竞争过程

讨论了Ｈｅ／Ｋ混合蒸汽中两步激励产生极紫外（ＸＵＶ）相干辐射机制中存在的斯托克斯及反斯托克斯跃迁过程．计算了有关跃迁的振子强度、极紫外辐射过程及其竞争过程的受激拉曼散射增益系数和阈值．结果表明，其中６４．３ｎｍ极紫外相干辐射的产生过程与其竞争过程相比，具有最大的增益及最小的阈值；但到能级Ｋ［３ｐ５４ｓ２２Ｐ１／２，３／２］的反斯托克斯跃迁及到能级Ｋ［３ｐ５３ｄ（３Ｐ）４ｓ２２Ｐ１／２，３／２］的斯托克斯跃迁将对其中５９．８ｎｍ极紫外相干辐射的产生构成严重竞争．     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the IR-Spectra of Polymethylmethacrylate

The IR-spectra of polymethylmethacryate (PMMA) have been measured before and after irradiation in air, in the region of wave number 700–4000 cm^?1. The results showed that the rate of decrease in the absorbance of the IR absorption bands correlated with the type of bond, and the type of vibration whether being stretching, bending or rocking one.

Es wurden die IB-Spektren von Polymethylmethacrylat vor und nach Bestrahlung mit Gammastrahlen in Luft im Wellenzahlbereich von 700 — 4000 cm?1 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeifgten, daβ die Geschwindigkeit der Abnahme der IR-Absorptionsbanden mil der Art der Bindung korreliert werden konnten und mit der Art der Schwingung, ob Streck-, Deformations- oder Schaukelschwingung.     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the IR-Spectra of Polystyrene

The IR absorption spectra of both unirradiated and gamma irradiated polystyrene films were investigated. It was found that the intensities of IR absorption bands decreased exponentially with increasing radiation dose. The rate of decrease k was found to depend on the type of vibration and type of bond.

Es wurden die IB-Spektren von niehtbestrahUen, und mitGammaslrahlung bestrahlten Polystyrolfilmenuntersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daβ die Intensität der IR-Absorptionsbanden exponentiell bei ansteigenden Straldendosen abnimmt. Die Geschwindigkeit der Abnahmc(k) ist dabei abhängig vom Typ der Schwingung und damit vom Typ der chemischen Bindung.     

Development and Application of Low Power X-Ray Tube Excitation System for Energy Dispersive XRF Analysis

The results achieved with an excitation system developed by using a low power, changeable anode X-ray tube are presented. The X-ray tube was fitted to a vertical Si(Li) spectrometer and supplied by an X-ray power supply developed for low power X-ray tubes. The X-ray yields and detection limits were investigated as a function of tube voltage and current in the range of atomic numbers Z = 13 … 58. The detection limits obtained with the X-ray tube are compared to ones achieved by using Fe-55, I-125 and Am-241 radionuclides. A new detection – excitation system was also constructed consisting of a 45° Si(Li) cryostat and a flexible measuring chamber. The details of this system are also given.     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Electrical Resistivity of Some Metal Acetylacetonate Complexes

The effect of gamma radiation on the electrical resistivity of some lanthanide and alkali acetylacetonate complexes was studied for differet doses (20-49 – 36-2 Mr). The activation energy for each complexes was calculated. The obtained results showed that the resistivity as well as the activation energy increase with increasing the radiation dose. An empirical linear relation between the rate of change of resistivity with radiation dose and the ionic radius of the metal was obtained.     

同步辐射X射线荧光光谱国内外研究进展

同步辐射光源是带电粒子在加速器储存环中以接近光速的速度运动时,沿轨道切线方向发射出的辐射,同步辐射X射线荧光分析(SR-XRF)是以同步辐射X射线作为激发光源的X荧光光谱分析技术.同步辐射X射线荧光分析包括了用于微区及微量元素分析的同步辐射XRF、用于表面及薄膜分析的同步辐射全反射X射线荧光(SR-TXRF)以及用于三...     

Consideration of Femtosecond Radiation Generation on NewSUBARU Storage Ring

We studied on realization of short pulse gamma ray and X-ray simultaneously induced by a femtosecond laser on NewSUBARU storage ring. Based on the fact that the transverse dimensions of electron beam are much shorter than the longitudinal one, the laser light is arranged to collide the electron beam at a right angle to generate femtosecond pulse gamma ray, furthermore, the modulated part of the electron bunch gives rise to short pulse X-ray by synchrotron radiation from a downstream bending magnet. The temporal characteristic of the radiation is analyzed in this paper, as well as the performances are estimated.     

Photophysical Processes in the Gas Phase at High Levels of Vibrational Excitation of Triplet Molecules of Benzophenone and Fluorenone

By the delayed fluorescence activated by direct multiphoton excitation of triplet molecules by CO₂–laser radiation we have studied the prevailing deactivation pathways of triplet molecules with a high store of vibrational energy E _vib. The dependences of the kinetic characteristics of delayed fluorescence on the presence of vapors and foreign gases have been used to estimate the rates and efficiencies of intermolecular vibrational relaxation in the vibrational quasi–continuum of the triplet state T ₁. By the changes in the intensities and decay rates over a wide range of vibrational energies we have established the E _vib dependences of reversible intercombination conversion between the states T ₁ and S ₁ and interconversion from T ₁ to the ground electronic state S ₀ for both the case of isolated excited molecules and at a steady vibrational temperature. It is shown that at high vibrational temperatures the radiationless transition from the T ₁ state to S ₀ has an activation character and is accomplished through the energy barrier. The conditions for going to an exponential dependence have been determined. It has been found that the obtained dependences are in good agreement with the known experimental results. The influence of molecular and environmental characteristics on the decay rate of triplet molecules is compared.     

Measurement of K shell fluorescence cross-section of Ca and K compounds

The cross-section for Ca and K compounds were determined by measuring the KX-ray yields from targets excited 5.96 keV photons and using theoretical K shell photoionization cross-section. By comparing the experimental results with relativistic Hartree-Fock calculation, a good agreement has been obtained considering the experimental errors.     

Study of the Reflected (Albedo) Secondary Gamma Radiation from Different Materials

The experimental measurements of the reflected (albedo) component of the secondary gamma radiation have been carried out for cylindrical samples of graphite, ilmenite limonite concrete and iron of different thicknesses. A collimated beam of neutrons emitted from one of the horizontal channels of the ET-RR-1 reactor have been used. A single stilbene crystal scintillator applying zero crossover technique for the differentiation between gamma and neutron pulses have been utilized. The measured pulse height spectra were transformed to energy spectra. It was shown that the reflected secondary gamma rays increase with the increase of the material thickness then becomes constant. The reflected secondary gamma rays increase also with the increase of the used material density.

Die refleklierte (Albedo) Kompononte der sekundären Gammastrahlung wurde an zylindrischen Proben unterschiedlicher Dicke von Graphit, Ilmenit-Limonit-Zement und Eisen gemessen. Dazu iwurde cin gerichteter Neutronenstrahl verwendet, der aus cinem der horizontalen Kanäle des ET-RR-1 Reaktors emittiert wurde. Ein einzelner Stilbenkristall-Szintillalor wurde zur Unterscheidung der Gamma- und Neutronenimpulse eingesetzt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daβ die reflektieten sekundaren Gammastrahlen mit der Materialdicke zunächst zunehmen und schlieβlich einen konstanten Wert errcichen. Der reflektierte Anteil der sekundären Gammastrahlen steigt ebenfalls mit der Dichte des verwendeten Materials an.     

不同激发方式对能量色散X射线荧光法测铀的影响

针对能量色散X射线荧光法测铀过程中存在自激发效应对测量结果产生干扰的问题及以往测铀仅使用放射性同位素源作为激发源的测量限制,利用微型X射线对铀矿样品进行自激发效应测量,并分别将109Cd,241Am,微型X光管三种不同激发源测量铀矿样品的结果进行比较分析。结果表明,自激发效应产生的特征X射线峰面积计数仅为有源条件的0.01%以下,属统计涨落范畴,对测量结果的干扰可忽略不计;109Cd源由于其特征射线能量22.11和24.95 keV均在L_α吸收限能量21.75 keV附近,激发光电截面最高,相应的荧光产额也高,故109Cd源相比于241Am源对铀元素的激发效率更高;241Am源测量误差明显大于109Cd源的测量误差,原因是铀的L系能量特征峰与241Am源特征射线26.35 keV的散射峰能量区叠加,造成实测谱线本底偏高;X光管作激发源的铀矿样品中铀含量与化学分析结果之间的误差在10%以内,仅为同位素源激发X射线荧光分析误差的一半,且X光管激发谱峰面积计数值明显大于源激发条件下的峰面积计数,说明X光管作激发源的测铀质量优于源激发模式。     

X—射线荧光分析散射幂函数法的原理及其应用

本文在较宽在基体原子序数变化范围内研究了非相干散射随基体吸收系数的变化规律,发现存在一种幂函数关系,用射内标法所假定的反比关系仅在较窄的轻元素范围内存在,实验证实了这种理论规律的存在。提出了用康普散射幂函数法校正基体吸收效应的新方法。列举了幂函数法在地质样品中的锶的测定实例,证明了该法在宽的基体组成范围内比传统的散射内标法适应性强。     

用同步辐射X荧光测量大鼠脑中微量元素的分布

采用同步辐射微探针技术研究了正常大鼠脑中的微量元素的分布,并给出了二维空间分布图.结果显示:Cl,Ca,Zn,主要集中分布在海马区,K,主要分布在海马和 皮层,而,Cu,的分布则相对无规律.元素的聚类分析结果表明,Cl,和,K,的分布相关性较好.由于同步辐射,X,荧光技术可以更直观地给出脑组织的二维元素分布, 因此这种方法可用于研究发生病变的脑中微量元素的变化.     

饱和激发下叶绿素荧光非线性变化及影响分析

叶绿素浓度是海洋初级生产力的重要指标之一,激光诱导荧光技术可以实现海水叶绿素浓度的快速测量。测量叶绿素浓度的传统激光诱导荧光原理,是利用叶绿素荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值（I_F/R）进行反演,即叶绿素浓度n_chl＝CI_F/R,其中C为系统常量。这是依据叶绿素荧光685 nm、水体Raman散射强度都与激发光强呈线性关系。然而,该理论并没有考虑诱导荧光饱和现象的存在。当诱导激光强度达到一定程度后,685 nm荧光强度随激发光强非线性变化。另外,值得注意的是,水体Raman散射并不存在信号饱和现象。为了探讨饱和激发造成荧光非线性变化的影响,在激光诱导荧光技术测量叶绿素浓度的实验中,设计两种测量方案,即：不同激光功率诱导单一浓度样本的荧光测量,和固定激光功率时不同浓度样本的荧光测量。实验中利用Nd∶YAG三倍频激光355 nm激发获得叶绿素溶液的404 nm处 Raman散射和685 nm荧光。实验结果分为2部分进行讨论：（1）为了分析饱和激发造成荧光变化的非线性特性,通过调节激发光功率测量溶液的受激发射光谱,发现水体Raman散射强度与激发光强呈线性关系,而685 nm荧光强度出现饱和激发下的非线性变化。而且,随叶绿素浓度的增加,685 nm荧光的非线性趋势更为明显,Raman散射强度与激发光强的线性关系中斜率变小。数据分析表明,685 nm荧光数据拟合的4阶多项式和Raman散射效率值,可以定性地表征685 nm荧光的饱和程度。（2）考虑实际海洋激光雷达探测叶绿素浓度应用中存在饱和激发荧光非线性现象,为了分析荧光非线性对传统叶绿素浓度反演理论适用性的影响,在固定激发光强情况下对不同浓度叶绿素溶液的发射光谱进行测量。将激发光功率调节至52.00,80.70,132.10和197.30 mW·cm-2,获取相应激发光强下685 nm荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值和叶绿素浓度之间的关系。实验表明,激发光强不变的情况下,685 nm荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值,与叶绿素浓度仍满足线性关系。但是,在较高光强激发时,饱和激发造成的叶绿素荧光非线性变化,导致利用传统激光诱导荧光理论反演的叶绿素浓度值偏小。因此,需要对饱和激发下荧光非线性的影响进行修正,其关系为I_F/R=n_chl/C+C_F,修正值C_F不可忽略。另外,值得一提的是,修正关系中系统常量C随激发光强增加而增大。研究表明,饱和激发造成的荧光非线性,会对激光诱导荧光技术测量叶绿素浓度产生影响,但由于造成荧光非线性因素的复杂性,仅通过荧光数据拟合获得的多项式,无法定量说明其影响权重。然而,当激发光强不变时,可以实验测量获得基于激光诱导荧光原理的修正关系,从而准确反演叶绿素浓度。     

基于多层膜偏振元件的同步辐射光束线偏振特性测量研究

利用自行研制的同步辐射软X射线多层膜综合偏振测量装置, 对北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线的偏振特性进行了系统的研究. 给出了多层膜偏振元件起偏前后的测量结果, 测量能量为206eV时, 经反射镜、光栅等光束线光学元件后输出的线偏振度(起偏前)为0.585, 经多层膜偏振元件起偏后输出光的 线偏振度达到0.995.     

Luminescence of Higher Plants upon Excitation by Laser Radiation with Different Energy and Time Parameters

The luminescence response of the leaves of higher plants exposed to laser radiation with different energy and time parameters has been investigated at a wavelength of 685 nm. The plants were irradiated by laser radiation at 1060, 632, and 530 nm. Radiation at = 632 nm was used as the control. It is shown that radiation at = 1060 nm suppresses photosynthesis, whereas that at = 530 nm stimulates it.     

CMOS器件60Co γ射线、电子和质子电离辐射损伤比较

利用TRIM95蒙特卡罗软件计算了质子在二氧化硅中的质量阻止本领和能量沉积，比较了质子在二氧化硅中的电离阻止本领与核阻止本领，分析了质子在材料的表面吸收剂量与灵敏区实际吸收剂量的关系.利用⁶⁰Co γ射线、1MeV电子和2—9 MeV质子对CC4007RH和CC4011器件进行辐照实验，比较⁶⁰Co γ射线和带电粒子的电离辐射损伤情况.实验结果表明，⁶⁰Co γ射线、1MeV 电子和2—7MeV质子辐照损伤效应中，在0V栅压下可以相互等效； 关键词： γ射线 电子 质子 辐射损伤     

4B9B束线低能分支的性能改进

分析了北京同步辐射实验室4B9B原束线低能分支的构造及弊病,在不影响束线高能分支性能及总体机械结构的基础上提出了改进方案.详细介绍了该设计方案和光束线调试工作及出光后束线的性能测试工作,该测试结果完全符合束线的设计.该束线在同步辐射专用光实验中充分发挥了改进后的优势,取得了令人满意的结果     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the IR Spectra of Some Divalent and Trivalent 8-Hydroxyquinoline Complexes

The I R spectra of ten elements chelated with 8-hydroxyquinoline were measured before and after gamma irradiation with different doses (7–518 Mrd) and discussed. It was found that the rate of decrease, K, of the absorbancy of M—O and (C—O)-M stretching vibration bands depends on the chelated cation. Moreover, the Cu 8-hydroxyquinoline complex is suggested as gamma dosimeter for doses ranging from 4.8 to 160 Mrd.     

小波变换的EDXRF光谱金属组分特征峰位置识别

主要研究X射线荧光光谱金属组分特征谱位置的确定。依据不同金属组分的特征谱特性,分析了特征谱的选取规律,在奇异值分析理论和模极大值理论的基础上,分析了基于特征谱小波分解系数的模极大值提取方法,在不同分解尺度下的特点及其传播特性,提出了基于模极大值传播的区间特征峰筛选方法,并对实际测量光谱进行了实验分析。结果表明：利用bior4.4小波作为基函数对实验测量的全能谱数据进行4层小波变换,利用模极大值传播特性,可以消除全能谱上叠加的部分噪声对光谱分析造成的阶跃影响;为提高特征峰的位置识别概率,对小波变换中小于给定阈值的分解系数进行压缩,将实验获取的X射线荧光全能谱第4层小波分解系数直接进行特征峰识别,得到的677个峰值位置,压缩到186个;在此基础上,再采用模极大值传播的区间特征峰筛选方法,筛选区间初始值设置为600 eV,经识别得到的特征峰峰值位置仅为27个,识别准确率得到有效提高。