硫杂冠醚的合成

冠醚化合物对金属离子的络合不仅具有较高的稳定性,而且更重要的是具有良好的选择性。当冠醚环中的氧原子部分或全部被氮或硫原子取代后,它们对碱金属、碱土金属的亲和性能降低,而对过渡金属离子的亲和能力相应提高。硫杂冠醚对亲硫的贵金属、重金属离子具有更强的络合能力和更高的选择性。1974     

Heterotricyclodecane XIV. 2-Oxa-6-aza-adamantan und Derivate

The synthesis of 2-oxa-6-aza-adamantane ( 21 ) and several of its derivatives ( 13–20 , 22 , 23 , 25–34 , 37 , and 38 ) was achieved starting from the 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6- dienes 2 , and 3 , and 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene ( 1 ).     

Synthesis of some sulfur-containing spiro-pyrimidinetriones,pyrazolidinediones, and isoxazolidinediones

Novel sulfur-containing spiro compounds such as 7,11-diaryl-9-thia-2,4-diazaspiro [5,5] undecane-1,3,5-trione 9,9-dioxides ( 2 ), 6,10-diaryl-8-thia-2,3-diazas-piro[4,5]decane-1,4-dione-8,8-dioxides ( 3 ) and 6,10-diaryl-2-oxo-8-thia-3-azaspiro [4,5] decane-1,4-dione-8,8-dioxides ( 5 ) have been prepared by the condensation of 4-dimethoxycarbonyl/diethoxycarbonyl-3,5-diaryl-1-thiane 1,1-dioxides ( 1 ) with urea, hydrazine hydrate, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively. The N-substituted derivatives ( 4 and 6 ) of 3 and 5 have also been prepared by acylation and nitrosation. The structures of 2, 3 , and 5 were established by IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectral studies, respectively.     

Thermisches Verhalten von Mesitylallenen; Beispiel einer aromatischen [1, 5s]-sigmatropischen H-Verschiebung. Vorläufige Mitteilung

Mesitylallene ( 6a ), 1-mesityl-3-methyl-allene ( 6b ) and 1-mesityl-3, 3-dimethylallene ( 6c ) were prepared via dienol-benzene-rearrangements. At 170° 6a isomerises to give 5, 7-dimethyl-1, 2-dihydronaphthalene ( 8 ). Under the same conditions 6b rearranges to give 2, 5, 7-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydronaphthalene ( 10 ; 60%) and cis-1-mesitylbuta-1, 3-diene ( 11 ; 40%) while 6c gives only cis-1-mesityl-3-methyl-buta-1, 3-diene ( 13 ). The allenes undergo first an aromatic [1, 5 s]-sigmatropic H-shift to the o-xylylene derivatives 7, 9 and 12 , which then exhibit disrotatory ring closure to the dihydronaphthalenes or aromatic [1, 7 a]-sigmatropic H-shift to the 1-mesitylbuta-1, 3-dienes.     

Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Annelated Pyrimidine Derivatives

A series of 2,3-diglycosylpyrimidine 4, annelated pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidine 8, ditetrazolo[1,5-a; 1′5′]pyrimidine 9, 2,9a,10-triazaanthracene 12, thieno- [2,3-d]pyrimidine 14, 9-thia-1,3,5,7-tetraazafluorene-8-one 15, 7-oxa-9-thia-1,3,5-triazafluorene-8-one 16, and 5-oxa-9-thia-1,3-diazafluorene 21a , b derivatives have been synthesized via a sequence of heterocyclization reactions of suitably functionalized 6-[5-(4-bromophenyl)oxazol-4-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-thioxo-4-oxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (2) with different electrophiles and nucleophiles. The new compounds were prepared with the objective to study their pharmacological properties.     

SYNTHESIS OF AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES ON N-ALKYL-3-THIA-7-AZABICYCLO [3.3.1]NONAN-9-ONES AND DERIVATIVES. A SINGLE CRYSTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF 2,2,4,4-TETRAMETHYL-6,8-DIPHENYL-3-THIA-7-AZABICYCLO [3.3.1]-NONAN-9-ONE

Abstract

A series of N-alkyl-3-thia-7-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones and derivatives have been prepared from the reaction of an appropriate 4-thianone, an aldehyde and an amine in a Mannich type condensation. Reduction of the ketones via Wolff-Kishner conditions produced bicyclic systems with the methylene bridging group. Addition of Grignard reagents to the ketones did yield the expected alcohols. Conformational analysis of the systems was performed via diagnosis of the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6,8-diphenyl-3-thia-7-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one was accomplished and revealed a boat conformer for the nitrogen-containing ring and a chair conformer for the sulfur-containing ring. The ketone crystallized in the triclinic space group P1 (Z=2) with a=6.216 (3), b=10.507 (5), c=15.335 (6) Å, α=86.64 (4), β=86.66 (4), and γ=98.51 (5)° [Vol=986.55 ų].     

Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of 4, 5-Homosnoutene Derivatives: An Attempted New Access onto the (CH)12 Energy Hypersurface

Pentacyclo[6. 4. 0^{2, 4}. 0^{3, 10}. 0^{7, 9}]dodeca-5, 11-diene( 4 ) is proposed as new potential precursor of the truncated tetrahedrane 1 . The synthesis of several new pentacyclo[5. 4. 0. 0^{2, 4}. 0^{3, 9}. 0^{6, 8}] undec-10-ene (4, 5-homosnoutene) derivatives including homosnouten-5-one( 10 ), 5-methylidenehomosnoutene( 19a ) as well as homosnoutene-5-carb-aldehyde( 17b ) and their reactions directed toward ring enlargement to the skeleton of 4 are reported. Although all the homosnoutenes resisted ring expansions, several unexpected new polycyclic systems were obtained. Any intermediate developing a cationic center at C(5) of the skeleton of 10 rearranged with release of strain and opening of one or both three-membered rings to give compounds such as 22 and 23 . The aminomethyl derivatives 13a and 13b, upon diazotation, underwent a remarkable fragmentation to give 10 and homosnouten-5-o1(20), respectively. The 5-(dibromomethyl) homosnouten-5-o1( 14 ), upon treatement with t-BuLi, rearranged to the pentacyclic ether 15 , while the carbine 11b , generated by the thermal or photochemical decomposition of the tosylhydrazone salt of 17c , solely gave 19a by C, H insertion. The 1, 1-dicyclopropylethene unit in 19c was excited selectively upon irradiation, but the products 26 and 27 of this photochemical rearrangement were derived only from n-participation in diradical intermediates 25a-25c .     

Synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehydes and their conversion into 6aδ4-Thia-1,2,5,6-tetraazapentalenes

A convenient method for the synthesis of the virtually unknown 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehydes consists in monobromination of the 5-methyl derivatives, followed by treatment with sodium azide and decomposition in concentrated sulfuric acid ( 6 → 7 → 9 → 10 ). These compounds can be transformed via methylation of the corresponding hydrazones 12 into 6aδ⁴-thia-1,2,5,6-tetraazapentalenes 13 .     

Electronic and Molecular Structure of Simple 3,3′-Bicyclopropenyls. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Model Calculations

The electronic and molecular structure of 3,3′-bicyclopropenyl ( 1 ) and its alkyl derivatives 3,3′-dirnethyl-3,3′-bicyclopropenyl ( 2 ), dispiro [2.0.2.3]nona-1,5-diene ( 3 ), dispiro[2.0.2.4]deca-1,5-diene ( 4 ), dispiro [2.0.2.5]undeca-1, 5-diene ( 5 ), and dispiro [2.0.2.6]dodeca-1, 5-diene ( 6 ) are studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and model calculations. Through-bond' effects in model compound 1 are analyzed in detail, illustrating a general difficulty with NDO models. Low-energy photoelectron bands of 2–6 can be assigned to ejection of electrons from cyclo-propenyl π- and Walsh-orbitals. Strong ‘through-bond’ coupling leads to splitting of the π-bands in the range 1.0–1.5 eV, while the strongly conformation-dependent splitting of the Walsh-bands allows conclusions concerning the preferred torsional angles. The preference of a gauche-conformation is predicted for 2 in the gas phase.     

Photochemical Experiments with 2,3-Bis(Tert-Butylsulfonyl)Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octa-2,5-Diene and Related Systems

The irradiation of 2,3-bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)norbornadiene (5) and 2-(tert-butylsulfonyl)norbornadiene (6) yielded the expected quadricyclane derivatives as stable molecules. The irradiation of 2,3-bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene(7) 2,3-bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)-exo-7,8-epoxybicyclo[2.2.2]-octa-2,5-diene (8) and 8,9-bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)-4-anti-phenyl-3,5-dioxa-exo-tricyclo[5.2.2.0^2,6] undeca-8,10-diene 9a and its syn-isomer 9b yielded the corresponding tetracyclic and pentacyclic systems, respectively. The photoproducts of 8 and 9 reverted to the starting products slowly at room temperature. The half-life of the photoproduct of 7 was determined to be 34 min at 50 °C. Compound 9a reacted with n-BuLi to yield the unexpected desulfonylation product 27a.     

Sesquiterpenoids from Costus Root Oil (Saussurea lappa CLARKE)

Apart from the well-known constituents (+)-β-selinene ( 2 ), (?)-β-elemene ( 4 ), (+)-β-costol ( 7 ), (?)-caryophyllene ( 17 ), and (?)-elemol ( 19 ) the following sesquiterpenoids have been isolated for the first time from costus root oil (Saussurea lappa CLARKE ): (?)-α-selinene ( 1 ), (+)-selina-4, 11-diene ( 3 ), (?)-α-trans-bergamotene ( 5 ), (?)-α-costol ( 6 ), (+)-γ-costol ( 8 ), (?)-elema-1,3,11 (13)-trien-12-ol ( 9 ), (?)-α-costal ( 11 ), (+)-γ-costal ( 12 ), (+)-γ-costal ( 13 ), (?)-elema-1,3,11 (13)-trien-12-al (elemenal, 14 ), (?)-(E)-trans-bergamota-2, 12-dien-14-al ( 15 ), (?)-ar-curcumene ( 16 ), and (?)-caryophyllene oxide ( 18 ). Compounds 6 , 8 , 9 , and 13 are new sesquiterpenoids. IR. and NMR. spectra of 12 sesquiterpenoids are reproduced.     

Synthesis of certain alkenyl purines and purine analogs

Synthesis of alkenyl derivatives of certain purines and purine analogs is described. Direct alkylation of the sodium salt of 6-chloropurine (1) either with 1-bromo-2-pentene or 4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butene in N,N-dimethylformamide furnished N-7, 4a and N-9, 3a , 3b alkenyl derivatives. Similar alkylation of 2-amino-6-chloropurine (2) provided the corresponding N-7, 4c-4e and N-9, 3c-3e alkenyl derivatives. Acid hydrolysis of these chloro derivatives 3a-3e, 4a,c-e furnished the corresponding alkenyl hypoxan-thines 6a, 6b and 7a or alkenyl guanines 6c-6e and 7c-7e. Treatment of 3a-3d with thiourea in absolute ethanol provided the corresponding 6-thio derivatives 5a-5d. Alkylation of the sodium salt of either purine-6-carboxamide (8) or 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (10) gave mainly one isomer 9a, 9b and 11a, 11b. The direct alkylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (12) gave N-3 alkenyl derivatives 13a, 13b , and the N-7 alkenyl derivatives 16a, 16b have been prepared starting from the 4-chloro derivative 14 . Synthesis of 2-amino-7-(2-penten-1-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (19a) has been accomplished starting from 2-amino-4-methoxypyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (17) . These alkenyl derivatives were found to be devoid of anti-HCMV activity in vitro.     

Heterotricyclodecane XXI 2-Aza-7-thia-twistane (bzw. 2-Thia-7-aza-twistane)

2-Aza-7-thia-twistanes (or 2-thia-7-aza-twistanes, respectively) The suitably substituted 9-thiabicylo[3.3.1]nonanes 7–9 and 17 were synthesized and subsequently cyclized to the 2-aza-7-thia-twistanes 21–23 and 19 , respectivelly, from which several other twistane derivatives ( 20 and 24–29 ) were prepared.     

On triazoles. VIII The reaction of 5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles with ethyl 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylate and 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylonitrile

The reaction of different 5-amino-3-Q-1H-1,2,4-triazoles 1 with ethyl 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylate ( 5a ) and 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylonitrile ( 5b ) to yield either the a type 5-amino-, or the b type 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine derivatives 6–10 was studied. The structure of compounds 6 and 9 was proved by their degradation to the corresponding derivatives 17a and 18a , respectively, through intermediates 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 15a and 16a , respectively. The structure of derivatives 7, 8 and 10 was proved on the basis of the analogy of their uv spectra with those of 6a and 9a , respectively. The isolation of the intermediates 19 and 20 helped to prove the mechanism of the reactions leading to the formation of 6a and 9a , respectively. In the reaction of the N-substituted 5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles with 5a the expected condensed ring products were not formed. Instead the aminoacrylates 22 and 24 were obtained. The “Z”-“E” isomeric structure of derivatives 19, 20, 22 and 24 was proved with the help of their pmr spectra. The “Z” isomeric structure of the thermodynamically stabile 22 was corroborated with the help of its proton coupled cmr spectra, too.     

4-Oxa(thia)-9-oxa-2-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-3-on(thion) derivatives

The synthesis of 7,8-dihydroxy-2-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-4,9-dioxa-2-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane- 3-thione ( 16 ) and of its parents 9-oxa-4-thia-3-thione 17 , and 9-oxa-4-thia-3-one 18 is described. The conversion of 5′-deoxy-5′-iodo-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5,6-dihydrouridin ( 1 ) into the 2-O-methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine 5 , the 5′-O-acetyl-5,6-dihydrouridine 4 , and into the N-(5-O-acetyl-2,3-O, O-isopropylidene-β-D -ribofuranosyl)-N-(2-methoxycarbonyl thyl)-urea ( 6 ) invoked 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-2,5′-anhydro-5,6-dihydrouridine ( 2 ) as the common intermediate.     

A Convenient Synthesis of 1-Amino-4-methyl-4H-3-thia-4,5a,10-triazacyclopenta[a]fluoren-5-ones and Some New 2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles

1-amino-4-methyl-4H-3-thia-4,5a,10-triazacyclopenta-[a]fluoren-5-one and 6-methyl-6H-,9H-thia-4b,6,9,11,12-pentaazaindeno[1,2-a]-fluorene-5,8-dione derivatives were prepared from 2-methyl-1-oxo-3-thioxo-2,4,9b-trihydropyrimidino[1,6-a] benzimidazole-4-carbonitrile. Also, 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thidazoles were synthesized via a reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with 3-(methylamino)-2-substituted 3-thioxopropanenitrile. Structures of newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses, spectral data, and alternative methods synthesis whenever possible.     

Alkyl 2-(2-benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)amino-3-dimethylaminopropenoates in the synthesis of heterocyclic systems

Alkyl 2-(2-benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)amino-3-dimethylaminopropenoates 4a,b were prepared. They react with C-nucleophiles such a 2-pyridinylacetonitrile 5 and methyl-2-quinolinylacetate 8, cyclohexane-1,3-dione 10 and its derivatives 12 and 14, resorcinol derivative 16 , 2-naphtol 18, 2-pyranone derivatives 20 and 22, and 4-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one 24, to form substituted amino derivatives of quinolizine 6, benzo[c]quinolizine 9, tetrahydrobenzopyran-2-one 11, 13, 15 , naphto[2,1-b]pyran-3-one 19 , pyranopyranones 21, 23, and pyrano[3,2-c]pyridine 25.     

Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction of 1-Methoxybuta-1,3-diene with (2R)-N-Glyoxyloylbornane-10,2-sultam

Starting from sultam 1 , the chiral dienophile (2R)-N-glyoxyloylbornane-10,2-sultam ( 4 ) was readily prepared. Non-catalyzed atmospheric- and high-pressure as well as [Eu(fod)₃]-promoted [4 + 2] cycloadditions of 1-methoxy-buta-1,3-diene ( 5 ) to chiral dienophile 4 , leading with high asymmetric induction to 6-methoxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl derivatives 6 – 9 , are described. The extent and direction of asymmetric induction in these reactions were established by ¹H-NMR analysis and chemical correlation, respectively. Stereochemical models for both non-catalyzed and [Eu(fod)₃]-promoted reactions are proposed.     

A facile synthesis and structure determination from 13c-nmr spectroscopy of a novel heterocycle 1,1′-ethylenebis[2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-5,8a-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]thiazine], a case of transannular stabilization

The condensation of 4-thiaheptane-2,6-dione with triethylenetetramine does not produce the macrocycle 1-thia-3,14-dimethyl-4,7,10-13-tetrazacyclopentadeca-3,13-diene; instead two molecules of the dione condense with one of the amine to give the title compound.     

Cross-conjugated 3-ferrocenylmethylidene-2,4-dimethylpenta-1,4-diene in cationic cycloaddition and proton-catalyzed cyclodimerization reactions

Cationic cycloaddition of cross-conjugated 3-ferrocenylmethylidene-2,4-dimethylpenta-1,4-diene to 1-ferrocenyl-2-isopropenyl-3,3-dimethylallylium tetrafluoroborate and its proton-catalyzed cyclodimerization result in diferrocenylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonene derivatives. The spatial structure of one of the reaction products, viz., ferroceno[4,5]-{9-ferrocenylmethylidene-1,3,3,8,10-pentamethyltricyclo[6.3.1.0^2,6]dodec-2(6)-ene}, was established based on the data from X-ray diffraction analysis.