Nonlinear shell-type to beam-type fea simplifications for composite frp poles

This paper presents a semi-analytical finite element analysis of pole-type structures with circular hollow cross-section. Based on the principle of stationary potential energy and Novozhilov’s derivation of nonlinear strains, the formulations for the geometric nonlinear analysis of general shells are derived. The nonlinear shell-type analysis is then manipulated and simplified gradually into a beam-type analysis with special emphasis given on the relationships of shell-type to beam-type and nonlinear to linear analyses. Based on the theory of general shells and the finite element method, the approach presented herein is employed to analyze the ovalization of the cross-section, large displacements, the P-Δ effect as well as the overall buckling of pole-type structures. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the present technique to the large deformation of fiber-reinforced polymer composite poles accompanied with comparisons employing commercial finite element codes.     

功能梯度材料板件三维分析的半解析梯度有限元法

将半解析有限元与梯度有限元相结合,形成一种半解析梯度有限元来求解功能梯度材料板件问题。该方法兼有有限元法的适应性强、程序统一,半解析有限元法的节省单元与计算工作量,梯度有限元法的适应构件内部材料性能任意梯度分布等特点,并实现用一维数值计算给出构件三维分析结果。算例分析表明了方法的精度、功能与上述特点,充分揭示了功能梯度材料板件力学响应的三维形态。半解析梯度有限元法可推广应用到其他功能梯度材料面结构的各类分析中。     

Parametric study of the distribution of the tensile stresses in pavilion structures constituted by four sectors of barrel shells

A semi-analytical approach is followed in order to obtain an approximate solution for an analytical model describing the static behaviour of pavilion shells. With the aim to parametrically investigate the distribution of the linear elastic tensile stresses, a linear elastic isotropic behaviour of the material is considered. Inside the pavilion shell, a family of arches and a family of straight beams can be recognized. This assumption justifies the separation of the variables which is at the basis of the proposed semi-analytical approach. The sensitivity of the behaviour of the shells to the values of the mechanical and geometrical parameters characterizing the system is investigated. Comparisons with results obtained by finite element models are performed to confirm both the validity of the semi-analytical approach and the provided results. Since only a linear elastic isotropic material has been taken into account, the results do not claim to describe the behaviour of masonry pavilion vaults.     

Elastodynamic Green's functions for a laminated piezoelectric cylinder

Elastodynamic Green's functions for a piezoelectric structure represent the electro-mechanical response due to a steady-state point source as either a unit force or a unit charge. Herein, Green's functions for a laminated circular piezoelectric cylinder are constructed by means of the superposition of modal data from the spectral decomposition of the operator of the equations governing its dynamic behavior. These governing equations are based on a semi-analytical finite element formulation where the discretization occurs through the cylinder's thickness. Examples of a homogeneous PZT-4 cylinder and a two-layer cylinder composed of a PZT-4 material at crystal orientations of ±30° with the longitudinal axis are presented. Numerical implementation details for these two circular cylinders show the convergence and accuracy of these Green's functions.     

复合材料正交加筋板在横向载荷下挠度计算的半解析法

本文采用一种新的半解析法,即独特利用Heaviside函数建立与加筋板等效的变刚度模型来开展复合材料双向正交加筋板在横向载荷下的弯曲挠度分析．此模型可以准确地描述筋条在板面上的分布,以及由于筋条的存在而导致的板面刚度不均匀分布．使用Galerkin加权残值法求解该模型的控制方程,得到不同边界条件和载荷情况下的级数解．对于双向正交加筋板,将此半解析法的结果与传统均匀化方法和使用商业有限元软件ABAQUS建立的有限元模型所得到的弯曲挠度结果比较,验证了此方法的准确性和优越性．不同于传统均匀化方法,本双向正交加筋板的弯曲挠度半解析法可精确、有效地获取加筋间的局部弯曲挠度,可以促进复合材料结构的设计分析与优化的研究进展．     

Effects of thickness on the largely-deformed JKR (Johnson–Kendall–Roberts) test of soft elastic layers

The paper aimed to study the effect of large deformation and material nonlinearity on the adhesive contact between a smooth rigid spherical indenter and a Neo-Hookean layer of finite thickness, for the cases of the layer thickness/indenter radius ratio between 1 and 2. Our analysis was based on the large-deformation JKR (LDJKR) theory, which models the adhesive contact of two elastic solids in large-deformation regime by knowing the solution of the corresponding non-adhesive contact problem. In this paper, the non-adhesive contact between a spherical indenter and a Neo-Hookean layer was solved by finite element analysis. Combined these numerical results and the LDJKR theory, approximate analytic expressions of the applied load and displacement of adhesive contact of Neo-Hookean layers were obtained. The effects of layer thickness were also discussed.     

三维显式有限元程序及炸药冲击起爆应用

冲击和爆炸数值模拟在军事工程和民用领域都应用广泛。基于显式有限元理论,本文介绍了自主研发的三维冲击和起爆流体动力学程序。该程序的功能包含了材料本构、状态方程、炸药反应速率方程和接触碰撞算法,能够模拟复杂条件下结构冲击和炸药起爆问题。由于采用面向对象的编程方法,程序结构相对简单并且容易修改。首先,进行了Taylor杆碰撞数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果以及DYNA2D结果进行了比较;接着,基于Lee-Tarver点火增长模型,模拟了冲击加载下裸炸药和带壳炸药的冲击起爆问题。计算结果表明,三维程序计算结果与实验值和商业软件结果都非常吻合,该程序能够较准确地模拟三维结构的冲击和炸药起爆问题。同时,基于面向对象开发的三维计算程序实现了模块化功能,易于后续开发,为冲击和爆炸计算程序的开发提供了参考。     

纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏细观一体化有限元分析An unified FEM for macroscopic and mesoscopic analysis of fiber reinforced composite fan blades

为了建立纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏观性能和细观组分的直接关联,得到一般有限元分析时无法获得的细观参量值,利用FORTRAN程序把细观力学的失效／损伤分析模块,嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS中的USD‐FLD 用户子程序中,建立了风机叶片宏细观一体化模型。该模型能够实现基于细观组分级损伤／失效判据的宏细观渐进损伤分析和强度预报功能。该模型计算结果与文献中的试验结果有较好的一致性。     

Finite strains at the tip of a crack in a sheet of hyperelastic material: II. Special bimaterial cases

An asymptotic analysis of the strain and stress near-tip fields for a crack in a sheet of Generalized Neo-Hookean materials is presented in this second in a series of three papers. The analysis is based on the nonlinear plane stress theory of elasticity and concerns two special cases of the interface crack problem: in the first situation both components have the same hardening behavior; next, we investigate the particular case of a sheet of Generalized Neo-Hookean material bonded to a rigid substrate. The transition between the two special cases is studied in detail. The analytical results are also compared with a full-field finite element solution.     

Static analysis of simply supported functionally graded and layered magneto-electro-elastic plates

In this article, static analysis of functionally graded, anisotropic and linear magneto-electro-elastic plates have been carried out by semi-analytical finite element method. A series solution is assumed in the plane of the plate and finite element procedure is adopted across the thickness of the plate such a way that the three-dimensional character of the solution is preserved. The finite element model is derived based on constitutive equation of piezomagnetic material accounting for coupling between elasticity, electric and magnetic effect. The present finite element is modeled with displacement components, electric potential and magnetic potential as nodal degree of freedom. The other fields are calculated by post-computation through constitutive equation. The functionally graded material is assumed to be exponential in the thickness direction. The numerical results obtained by the present model are in good agreement with available functionally graded three-dimensional exact benchmark solutions given by Pan and Han [Pan, E., Han, F., in press. Green’s function for transversely isotropic piezoelectric functionally graded multilayered half spaces. Int. J. Solids Struct.]. Numerical study includes the influence of the different exponential factor, magneto-electro-elastic properties and effect of mechanical and electric type of loading on induced magneto-electro-elastic fields. In addition further study has been carried out on non-homogeneous transversely isotropic FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate available in the literature [Chen, W.Q., Lee, K.Y., Ding, H.J., 2005. On free vibration of non-homogeneous transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic plates].     

The radial compaction of a hyperelastic tube as a benchmark in compressible finite elasticity

The stress solution to the radial compaction of a hyperelastic tube is developed analytically for both incompressible and slightly compressible material response. The solution is explicit for the incompressible behaviour and implicit for the compressible one. It is shown that proper combination of tube geometry and total compaction leads to stress results very sensitive to small variations of Poisson's ratio. This makes the problem a good benchmark for the performance of numerical methods in the area of compressible finite elasticity. As an example, the commercial finite element code ABAQUS is applied to a demanding tube configuration for Poisson's ratios in the range from 0.49 to 0.5.     

Linear and higher order displacement theories for adhesively bonded lap joints

This work presents an adhesive model for stress analysis of bonded lap joints, which can be applied to model thin and thick adhesive layers. In this theory, linear variations of displacement components along the adhesive thickness are firstly assumed, and the longitudinal strain and the Poisson's effect of the adhesive are modeled. A differential form of the equilibrium equations for the adherends is analytically solved by means of compatible relations of the adhesive deformation. The derived shear and peel stresses are compared with the classical adhesive model of continuous springs with constant shear and peel stresses, and validated with two-dimensional finite element results of the geometrically nonlinear analysis using a commercial package. The numerical results show that the present linear displacement theory can be applied to both thin and moderately thick adhesive layers. The present formulation of the linear displacement theory is then extended to the higher order displacement theory for stress analysis of a thick adhesive, whose numerical results are also compared with those of the finite element computation.     

SHPB试验中岩石试件的端面不平行修正

为研究短圆柱体岩石试件端面不平行对岩石动力学特性测试结果的影响,采用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对9种端面不平行度和5种杨氏模量的岩石试件开展SHPB(split Hopkinson pressure bar)试验数值模拟,对岩石选用HJC(Holmquist-Johnson-Cook)本构模型。数值模拟结果表明,当端面不平行度在0.40%以内时,端面不平行对动态应力测试结果的影响可忽略不计;但对动态应变测试结果的影响较大。当杨氏模量一定时,平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差随端面不平行度增大呈线性增大;当端面不平行度一定时,平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差随杨氏模量增大也呈线性增大。对数值模拟得到的平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差实施二元线性回归分析,提出了SHPB试验中端面不平行岩石试件平均应变率和峰值应变的修正公式。     

连续胶体材料化学-力学耦合有限元理论及其在ABAQUS中UEL程序实现

基于哈密顿原理,得到水凝胶的化学-力学耦合控制方程的等效积分形式和有限元形式。在整体坐标系下推导出用形函数表示的化学-力学耦合应变矩阵和单元刚度矩阵,并且得到在局部坐标系下的离散化形式。结合ABAQUS软件,编制了用户单元子程序UEL,通过数值算例验证了所开发单元的正确性,为在ABAQUS软件中实现各种耦合问题的有限元UEL编程提供了参考依据。     

Nonlinear thermo-elastic buckling characteristics of cross-ply laminated joined conical–cylindrical shells

Here, the nonlinear thermo-elastic buckling/post-buckling characteristics of laminated circular conical–cylindrical/conical–cylindrical–conical joined shells subjected to uniform temperature rise are studied employing semi-analytical finite element approach. The nonlinear governing equations, considering geometric nonlinearity based on von Karman’s assumption for moderately large deformation, are solved using Newton–Raphson iteration procedure coupled with displacement control method to trace the pre-buckling/post-buckling equilibrium path. The presence of asymmetric perturbation in the form of small magnitude load spatially proportional to the linear buckling mode shape is assumed to initiate the bifurcation of the shell deformation. The study is carried out to highlight the influences of semi-cone angle, material properties and number of circumferential waves on the nonlinear thermo-elastic response of the different joined shell systems.     

Transient swelling-induced finite bending of hydrogel-based bilayers: analytical and FEM approaches

Hydrogels with their time-dependent intrinsic behaviors have recently been used widely in soft structures as sensors/actuators. One of the most interesting structures is the bilayer made up of hydrogels which may undergo swelling-induced bending. In this work, by proposing a semi-analytical method, the transient bending of hydrogel-based bilayers is investigated. Utilizing nonlinear solid mechanics, a robust semi-analytical solution is developed which captures the transient finite bending of hydrogel-based bilayers. Moreover, the multiphysics model of the hydrogels is implemented in the finite element method (FEM) framework to verify the developed semi-analytical procedure results. The effects of different material properties are investigated to illustrate the nonlinear behavior of these structures. The von-Mises stress contour extracted from FEM shows that the critical area of these soft structures is at the interface of the layers which experiences the maximum stress, and this area is most likely to rupture in large deformations.     

A method of analysis for end and transitional effects in anisotropic cylinders

We present a rigorous verification study and an extension to an existing semi-analytical finite element formulation for analysis of end and transition effects in prismatic cylinders. End and transition effects in stressed cylinders are phenomena associated with the difference between results that are predicted by the Saint–Venant solutions and the actual point-wise conditions. These differences manifest themselves as self-equilibrated stress states. Notwithstanding certain well-known exceptions (e.g., restrained torsion of open thin-walled sections), such effects in isotropic cylinders are usually confined to a very small neighborhood of a terminal boundary or transition zone, and are typically neglected. For anisotropy, as in the case of most smart/active and composite material systems, they can persist much further into the interior of the structure, and need to be quantified to design geometry transition zones and to fully understand the delamination effects. In the semi-analytical approach, we first discretize the governing equations within the cross-sectional plane of the cylinder. The end-solution fields satisfy the homogeneous form of the resulting semi-analytical system of ordinary differential equations. This leads to an algebraic eigenvalue problem, and an eigenfunction expansion of the stress and displacement fields due to end effects. Unique to the present study, we formulate a procedure to quantify the transitional effects for end-to-end connected cylinders for which the displacement and stress continuity along the transition interface need to be enforced. The semi-analytical approach has several distinct advantages: (i) It is computationally efficient, as only the cross-sectional geometry is discretized; (ii) it can be applied to arbitrary cross-sectional geometries and the most general form of anisotropy; and (iii) it yields direct measures for the decay lengths (or decay rates) of any end-or transition-solution field. Analytical solutions to end-effect problems are scarce. Those that exist are for simple geometry and material constitution. We use these analytical solutions, as well as solutions obtained using three-dimensional finite element models, to verify our approach and to assess its efficiency.     

比例边界有限元二阶灵敏度设计及断裂力学分析

比例边界有限元是一种只需在边界上划分网格且无需基本解的半解析方法,能有效处理应力奇异性和无边界问题.论文提出了一种比例边界有限元的二阶灵敏度分析方法,可以准确而高效地求解响应关于参数的二阶梯度.首先通过建立仅需右特征向量的哈密顿矩阵特征灵敏度分析方程,发展了一种改进的比例边界有限元一阶灵敏度分析方法;其次,进一步通过构建二阶哈密顿矩阵特征灵敏度分析方程,并对比例边界有限元系统方程进行一系列二次直接微分,提出了一种半解析形式的比例边界有限元二阶灵敏度分析方法.该方法被应用于线弹性裂纹结构的形状灵敏度分析和不确定性传播分析.最后,给出了两个数值算例验证论文方法的有效性.