Ni—Zn／活性炭催化剂的程序升温还原研究

采用ＴＰＲ技术对甲醇、乙醇羰基化反应的Ｎｉ／Ｃ和Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ／Ｃ催化剂进行了研究。实验发现，负载于活性炭上的ＮｉＯ比非负载的ＮｉＯ容易还原；Ｎｉ与Ｚｎ之间有相 互，Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ／Ｃ的还原峰温介于Ｎｉ／Ｃ与Ｚｎ／Ｃ之间，还原后的Ｎｉ／Ｃ和Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ／Ｃ催化剂比非负载ＮｉＯ还原后的Ｎｉ更易氧化；氧化后的Ｎｉ／Ｃ和Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ／Ｃ在相同的升温速率下再一次还原，其峰温θｍ比第一次还原时低３０－５０℃，而对Ｚｎ／     

ZnO负载Ni—Cu双金属催化剂的程序升温还原与X—射线光电子能谱研究

用ＴＰＲ和ＸＰＳ和ＺｎＯ负载Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ双金属催化剂中Ｎｉ与Ｃｕ的相互作用进行了研究。ＴＰＲ结果表明，Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ双金属催化剂中，Ｃｕ在低温下还，而Ｎｉ在高温下还原，还原的Ｃｕ能促进Ｎｉ的还原。     

预处理条件对用于CO_2加氢的超细CuO－ZnO－SiO_2催化剂性能的影响

采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＰＲ手段，研究了焙烧和还原温度对超细ＣｕＯ－ＺｎＯ－ＳｉＯ２催化剂的性质及其ＣＯ２加氢反应催化活性的影响．胶体在５７３－７７３Ｋ范围内焙烧生成ＣｕＯ、Ｃｕ２Ｏ、ＺｎＯ晶相，随着焙烧温度继续升高，ＣｕＯ和ＺｎＯ晶粒逐渐变大，但催化剂的比表面积和孔容变化很小．在９７３Ｋ焙烧后出现Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４晶相，使催化剂比表积和孔容变小，导致催化剂活性降低．焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响大于对ＣＯ２加氢产物分布的影响．在５４８－６４８Ｋ范围内，催化剂还原温度对其催化活性影响不大．７０３Ｋ高温还原后，可能由于Ｃｕ０晶粒的出现，使得催化剂的活性下降．ＴＰＲ研究结果进一步表明，焙烧温度影响ＣｕＯ同ＺｎＯ、ＳｉＯ２之间的相互作用和催化剂的还原行为．     

Cu／ZnO／Al_2O_3／ZrO_2催化剂上乙醇脱氢合成乙酸乙酯Ⅱ．催化剂的表征

采用ＸＲＤ，ＴＰＲ和ＴＰＤ／ＴＰＳＲ方法研究了ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２（及还原态）催化剂的物相结构、还原状况、酸碱性质及吸附状况，并与其它催化剂作了比较．ＸＲＤ结果表明，此催化剂在还原前有以晶相存在的ＣｕＯ，还原后以铜晶形式存在，而Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＺｎＯ，ＺｒＯ２在还原前后均以无定形形式存在．ＴＰＲ实验发现，共沉淀法制备的铜基催化剂只有一个耗氢峰，对应ＣｕＯ的一种分布状态，且催化剂中ＺｒＯ２的存在促进了催化剂的还原．ＮＨ３－ＣＯ２双组分共吸附结果表明，ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２催化剂上有两种强度不同的酸中心（１００℃，３４０℃）及弱碱中心（９０℃）．乙醇在催化剂上的ＴＰＳＲ结果表明，在１１０℃有乙醇的脱附峰，氢气及乙醛的生成峰在２１０℃，而在高温时则有ＣＯ，ＣＯ２及丙酮的脱附，整个过程中仅检测到微量乙酸乙酯的脱附（ｍ／ｅ＝４３）     

甲烷氧化偶联催化反应的特征

应用程序升温反应（ＴＰＲ）及质谱分析表征了ＣａＯ，Ｓｍ２Ｏ３，０．５－１０％Ｓｍ／ＣａＯ催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应特性。谱图分析表明，在４００－１０００℃范围内，甲烷氧化偶联反应产物的变化呈现三个反应温度区域：（１）完全氧化区，反应主要为ＣＨ３·在催化剂表面完全氧化形成ＣＯｘ和Ｈ２：（２）偶联区，主要为ＣＨ３·的氧化和偶联竞争反应，Ｈ２谱线出现明显的低温峰；（３）氧耗尽区，反应为高温气相反应，产物     

CO2选择性氧化甲烷制C2烃催化剂La2O3/ZnO的氧化还原和CO2吸附性能

Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂体系在以二氧化碳作为氧化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应中具有很高的Ｃ２烃选择性和稳定性．采用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和ＴＰＲ技术考察了Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ对ＣＯ２的吸附性质及其氧化还原行为．结果表明：（１）Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂体系存在着强、弱两种碱中心，其中弱碱中心数量随样品中Ｌａ２Ｏ３含量增加而减少，强碱中心强度随样品中Ｌａ２Ｏ３含量增加而增强．（２）由于组分相互作用，高温下，Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ易产生晶格氧空位，使之对ＣＯ２的吸附增强，吸附后的ＣＯ２与晶格氧作用形成立方晶型Ｌａ２Ｏ２ＣＯ３．（３）Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ表面的Ｌａ３＋和Ｚｎ２＋可以部分被还原，由于组分间的相互作用，使得二者的还原都较单一组分存在时更难．（４）Ｈ２－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２氧化还原循环实验表明，Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ表面被部分还原后，ＣＯ２可以将部分被还原的表面再氧化．在此基础上对Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ催化剂上甲烷与ＣＯ２转化为Ｃ２烃的机制也进行了讨论．     

Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2催化剂上乙醇脱氢合成乙酸乙酯Ⅱ.催化剂的表征

采用ＸＲＤ，ＴＰＲ和ＴＰＤ／ＴＰＳＲ方法研究了ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２（及还原态）催化剂的物相结构，还原状况，酸碱性质及吸附状况，并与其它催化剂作了比较，ＸＲＤ结果表明，此催化剂在还原臆有以晶相存在的ＣｕＯ，还原后以铜晶形式存在，而Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＺｎＯ，ＺｒＯ２在还原前后均以无定形形式存在，ＴＰＲ实验发现，共沉淀法制备的铜基催化剂只有一个耗氢峰，对应ＣｕＯ的一种分布状态，且催化剂中ＺｒＯ     

以ZrO2—Al2O3为载体Co—Mo—K耐硫变换催化剂的TPR研究

利用程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）技术,研究了ＺｒＯ２对Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｍｏ－Ｋ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３以及Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫催化剂氧化还原性能的影响。结果表明,ＺｒＯ２的引入,使活性组分在载体表面分散的更好,促进了Ｍｏ－Ｋ活性相的形成,使ｏ和Ｍｏ的还原变得容易,并起到抑制催化剂在反应中被重新氧化的作用。     

La和Bi对乙炔与甲酸甲酯加氢酯化合成丙烯酸甲酯的镍基催化剂性能的影响(英文)

在２２０℃和５０－６０大气压条件下,利用固定床对ＮｉＯ／ＳｉＯ２、ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＮｉＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＮｉＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的乙炔与甲酸甲酯加氢酯化合成丙烯酸甲酯进行了研究。镍基催化剂对乙炔的加氢酯化合成丙烯酸甲酯具有很好的活性。用浸透法制备的Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的活性和丙烯酸甲酯的选择性均比离子交换法差。ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂用Ｌａ或Ｂｉ改性后,其催化活性大大提高。ＸＰＳ、ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ结果表明,当催化剂用Ｌａ或Ｂｉ改性后,ＮｉＯ的晶粒明显减小,催化剂表面的Ｎｉ／Ａｌ原子比增大,催化剂的第二个还原峰温大大降低。     

Ni-Cu和TiO2-SiO2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

用表面反应改性法制备了ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＴＳＯ）表面复合物载休，用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ等技术研究了Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应的催化性能。结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＴＳＯ间的相互作用导致ＣｕＯ的还原温度降低和ＮｉＯ的还原温度升高，并有少量表面物种生成；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ催化剂表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ及载体相中的Ｔｉ＾ｎ＋（或Ｔｉ     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.