Effect of aging of the binder on the creep of polymer concrete

Two polyester concretes with diabase and marble fillers and aggregates are used as examples to illustrate the possibility of using a structural approach to evaluate the creep of the composite in the initial state and after preliminary aging under laboratory conditions for a period of 12–13 yrs. Experimental study of the creep of polymer concrete and its structural components (resin and binder) after preliminary aging at elevated temperatures (60, 90°) established that the change that occurs in viscoelastic compliance with aging conforms to the analogy principle with a reduction function that depends on aging temperature and time.Institute of Polymer Mechanics. Latvian Academy of Sciences Riga, Latvia. Central Laboratory of Physico-chemical Mechanics Sofia. Bulgaria. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 787–794, November–December, 1996.     

Effect of aging creep of polyestermalein resin/mineral filler composites

Long-term (More than 20 years) creep under compression of two polymer concretes, polyestermalein resin/mineral filler composites, was studied. The concretes differ with diabase filler size (d=5–10 mm and d=10–20 mm). It was shown that nonlinearity of viscoelastic properties of concrete increases as the size of filler particle decreases. Aging of the polymer concretes reduces their viscoelastic compliance and shortens the time interval necessary to reach equilibrium conditions under stable loading state.Presented at the Ninth International Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials, Riga, October, 1995.Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the AS CR, Prague 9, Prosecká 74, Czech Republic. Central Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Mechanics of the BAS, Sofia 1113 Acad. Bontchev Street, IV km, Bl. 1. Published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 190–194, March–April, 1995.     

Influence of temperature and humidity on the creep of polymer materials

Conclusions By analyzing the results of the original creep tests under shear and tensile conditions subject to various temperatures and humidities, and also analyzing some control experiments involving simultaneous shear and tensile strain, we have shown that the displacement function of the relaxation spectrum expressing the maintenance of the temperature-humidity-time analogy is independent of the form of the stressed state in the range of linear viscoelasticity for a Poisson coefficient close to 0.5.For Communication 2 see [2].Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 627–632, July–August, 1976.     

Effect of aging on creep of SVAM glass-reinforced plastic in tension with allowance for the orientation of the fibers

The author presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of aging under room conditions on the creep deformation of SVAM glass-reinforced plastic. It is established that with prolongation of the aging period up to two years the resistance of the material to creep deformation increases. The effect of aging is investigated in relation to anisotropy.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 20–29, 1965     

Influence of vibration on creep in glass-fiber-reinforced plastic in a complex state of stress

The author describes the method and results of tests on tubular specimens of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic for creep under simultaneous torsion (shear in the plane of reinforcement), compression, and vibration in the longitudinal direction. He finds that vibratory creep is not manifested if the amplitudes of the alternating component of the stress are up to 0.1 times the limit of short-term strength and the frequency is 20 kHz.Institute of Mechanics of Polymers, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 358–360, March–April, 1974.     

Nonlinear physical stress - strain relationship of cellular polymers and glass plastics under conditions of attenuating creep

The coupling equations of hard cellular polymers and glass plastics based on these are analyzed. The material is considered as an elastically relaxing medium for the case of small deformations. The physical relationship between the rubber-elastic stresses and strains is derived in explicit form for the case of attenuating creep and a uniform three-dimensional stressed state. The total deformations are described by the one-dimensional rheological model of a "typical body" with a reduced stress and an instantaneous elastic modulus, having the appropriately chosen viscosity of a non-Newtonian liquid.Institute of Technical Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 231–235, March–April, 1972.     

Determination of coupled creep functions from experimental creep curves

A method is given for constructing the coupled creep functions g(t) from the experimental longitudinal creep curves and the known Poisson's ratio. It is shown that for this purpose it is sufficient to substitute for one of the parameters of the singular kernel a quantity containing the Poisson's ratio and the parameter determined from the solution of the elastic problem.I. M. Gubkin Moscow Institute of the Petrochemical and Gas Industry. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 216–220, March–April, 1974.     

Influence of physical nonlinearity on resonance vibrations and dissipative heating of inelastic rectangular plates

On the basis of a concept of complex characteristics, we present a statement of nonlinear conjugate problems of forced resonance vibrations and dissipative heating of inelastic plates of physically nonlinear materials, for which the real and imaginary parts of mechanical complex characteristics depend on the amplitude of deformations. Numerical-analytical methods for the solution of the indicated nonlinear problems are presented. An analysis of the influence of physical nonlinearity on the amplitude–frequency and temperature–frequency characteristics and on the coefficient of damping of vibrations of rectangular plates is performed.     

Change in the optical properties of ski-3 rubber in deformation,fatigue, and thermal and radiation aging

Conclusion Optical methods can be used in studying the kinetics of mechanical fatigue, thermal, and radiation aging; some general characteristics and differences in the development of these processes in elastomers with higher extinction can be detected with them. The sensitivity of the measurements is increased by the rational selection of the light wave-length of preliminary homogeneous biaxial stretching. A decrease in the thickness attained by deformation by one order of magnitude did not convert the optical medium to the class of singly scattering media, but the changes in the optical properties in aging were more pronounced against the background of decreasing extinction.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 2, pp. 261–265, March–April, 1991.     

Influence of temperature and humidity on the creep of polymeric materials. 4. Prediction on the basis of field test results

Conclusions Comparison was made of the results of prolonged (from 2 to 6 years) control experiments of tubular specimens of PN-3 for creep during tension, torsion, and simultaneous tension and torsion under various temperature-humidity conditions with calculation based on data of short-term (up to 5 h) experiments, in which the creep process was accelerated by increase in temperature and humidity of the material. Calculation of the prolonged creep deformations expected was done from the relationships of viscoelastic properties of a linearly changing solid, generalized for the case of influence of temperature and humidity under the assumption that the volume changes only elastically. On the basis of this generalization, adherence to the temperature-humidity-time analogy is assumed to be experimentally confirmed. Satisfactory agreement of results of prediction and prolonged control experiments is established.For communication 3 see [3].Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 6, pp. 982–987, November–December, 1976.     

A note on plane nonlinear creep of free boundaries

Résumé On montre que la déformation plane et quasi-statique d'un corps incompressible qui est non-linéairement visqueux du second ordre, et dont les frontières sont soumises aux tractions données, ne peut être distinguée de celle d'un corps fluide, ayant les mêmes frontières et les mêmes tractions prescrites, qui est linéairement visqueux et incompressible. Ainsi, les solutions données préalablement (Berg, 1964) pour le fluage plan des frontières libres de tractions s'appliquent également au fluage plan et nonlinéaire du second ordre des frontières libres de tractions. Cela signifie en particulier que dans le fluage plan les effets visqueux du second ordre ne peuvent pas donner lieu à l'irréversibilité cinématique de la déformation d'une surface libre. Les résultats des effets du second ordre sont quelque peu étendus pour montrer que dans le cas le plus général d'un fluide non-linéaire et incompressible les problèmes de fluage plan peuvent se simplifier si l'on incorpore dans le champ de pression une partie des contraintes non-linéairement visqueuses.     

Transient creep of glass-reinforced plastic

Short-time (up to 30 min) creep tests on SVAM glass-fiber orthotropic material at 20°C have shown that it is subject to creep even at room temperature. At the same time, the behavior of this material in creep is observed to be markedly anisotropic.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 47–54, 1965     

Acoustic creep of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic

A method of investigating acoustic creep of polymer composites developing under the effect of static tensile forces and small amplitudes of dynamic stresses with a frequency of 20 kHz acting coaxially with the static loads is considered. Results of investigating acoustic creep of glass-fabric-reinforced plastic are presented. It is shown that the presence of a high-frequency stress component regularly accelerates relaxation processes and reduces considerably the deformation resistance of the material. Generalized curves simulating the long-time static creep of reinforced plastic are constructed by the method of temperature-time, stress-time, and vibration-time analogies. The results of prediction are compared with the control experiment.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 397–404, May–June, 1973.