2-Pyridinethiol/2-pyridinethione tautomeric equilibrium. A comparative experimental and computational study

The gas phase and solvent dependent preference of the tautomerization between 2-pyridinethiol (2SH) and 2-pyridinethione (2S) has been assessed using variable temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) experiments, as well as ab initio and density functional theory computations. No spectroscopic evidence (nu(S)(-)(H) stretch) for 2SH was observed in toluene, C(6)D(6), heptane, or methylene chloride solutions. Although, C(s)() 2SH is 2.61 kcal/mol more stable than C(s)() 2S (CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)+ZPE), cyclohexane solvent-field relative energies (IPCM-MP2/6-311+G(3df,2p)) favor 2S by 1.96 kcal/mol. This is in accord with the FTIR observations and in quantitative agreement with the -2.6 kcal/mol solution (toluene or C(6)D(6)) calorimetric enthalpy for the 2S/2SH tautomerization favoring the thione. As the intramolecular transition state for the 2S, 2SH tautomerization (2TS) lies 25 (CBS-Q) to 30 kcal/mol (CCSD/cc-pVTZ) higher in energy than either tautomer, tautomerization probably occurs in the hydrogen bonded dimer. The B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) optimized C(2) 2SH dimer is 10.23 kcal/mol + ZPE higher in energy than the C(2)(h)() 2S dimer and is only 2.95 kcal/mol + ZPE lower in energy than the C(2) 2TS dimer transition state. Dimerization equilibrium measurements (FTIR, C(6)D(6)) over the temperature range 22-63 degrees C agree: K(eq)(298) = 165 +/- 40 M(-)(1), DeltaH = -7.0 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol, and DeltaS = -13.4 +/- 3.0 cal/(mol deg). The difference between experimental and B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) [-34.62 cal/(mol deg)] entropy changes is due to solvent effects. The B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) are -8.8 and -3.5 ppm 1 A above the 2SH and 2S ring centers, respectively, and the thiol is aromatic. Although the thione is not aromatic, it is stabilized by the thioamide resonance. In solvent, the large 2S dipole, 2-3 times greater than 2SH, favors the thione tautomer and, in conclusion, 2S is thermodynamically more stable than 2SH in solution.     

SiO2/SnO2 and Sn/Sb-oxide/SiO2 gel-derived composites. Part 2: Thermal evolution and phase analysis

The thermal behaviour of samples with nominal composition 80/20=SiO₂/SnO₂, class B, 76.8/19.2/4.0=SiO₂/SnO₂/Sb₂O₅, class C₁, and 76.8/19.2/2.0/2.0=SiO₂/SnO₂/Sb₂O₅/Sb₂O₃, class C₂, is studied in the interval 25–1050°C by various instrumental methods. Results on these classes of samples, obtained from alkoxide precursors, are compared themselves and with samples of class A obtained from Si(OEt)₄ and SnCl₄. The segregation and crystallization of SnO₂ occurs at 400°C in the presence of microdomains of SnO₂·nH₂O in the SiO₂ gel matrix (class A), whereas it is observed at 700°C for samples B and C composed of Sn and Sb cations homogeneously dispersed in SiO₂. This fact implies different mechanisms of SnO₂ nucleation and growth. The crystallization of SiO₂ is observed at 1200°C for samples A, at 1050°C for B and at 800°C for C. For this latter, the presence of Sb-oxide/ SiO₂ reactive glass is invoked to the low-temperature crystallization of SiO₂. G. Carturan, R. Ceccato, R. Campostrini, G. Principi, and U. Russo, submitted to J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech.     

Ethylene hydrogenation by the hydride alkoxide species Ir(H)2(OCH2CF3)(PBu2Ph)2. Ethylene-induced reductive elimination of alcohol from Ir

Ir(H)₂(OR_f)P₂ (P = P^tBu₂Ph, R_f = CH₂CF₃) reacts with ethylene at 25°C to give R_fOH, ethane and Ir(P C)P(C₂H₄) (2) then Ir(P C)(C₂H₄)₂ (1) and Ir(P C)H(OR_f)P (3) (P C = η²-C₆H₄P^tBu₂). It is shown that 2 and 1 are in equilibrium by P and C₂H₄ addition/dissociation. Compound 3 is a product “late” in the reaction sequence, and results from H---OR_f oxidative addition to 2. Since 3 reacts with ethylene to give 2, 2 and 3 are in thermal equilibrium. Compound 3 reacts readily with H₂ to give IrH₅P₂ and R_fOH. The reason why OR_f and ethylene ligands seem to be mutually incompatible is discussed.     

Chelating diphos ligands with inorganic backbones. Crystal structure of [PtCl2{(PPh2O)2SiPh2}]

The metallo-phosphaalkenes (η⁵-C₅Me₅)(CO)₂FeP=C(R)(SiMe₃) (Ia: R = SiMe₃, Ib: R = Ph) and MeO₂C---CC---CO₂Me undergo a dipolar [3+2]-cycloaddition to afford the metallo-heterocycles [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)(CO)

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=C(R)SiMe₃] (IIIa,b) with exocyclic P=C double bonds.     

Oxidation of aromatic compounds: XVII. Oxidative cross-dimerization of diarylacetylenes in the system CF3CO2H-CH2Cl2-PbO2. Characteristic of cation-radicals of diarylacetylenes by cyclic voltammetry and ESR spectroscopy

The oxidation of mixtures of diarylacetylene ArC≡CAr and Ar′C≡CAr′ in a system CF₃CO₂H-CH₂Cl₂-PbO₂ (0°C, 1.5 h) results in products of cross-dimerization, (Z)-1,2,3,4-tetraarylbut-2-ene-1,4-diones Ar(ArCO) C=C(COAr′)Ar′. The routes of transformation of intermediate cation-radicals of diarylacetylenes [ArC≡CAr]^+· into the final products of oxidative dimerization are elucidated. By cyclic voltammetry and ESR spectroscopy the high reactivity of the diarylacetylene cation-radicals is demonstrated, the character of their singly occupied molecular orbitals (a₂ or b₁) has been revealed by ESR method.     

Perfluormethyl-element-liganden : XXXI. Ligandeneigenschaften von Me2PP(CF3)2 und Me2AsP(CF3)2

The coordinating properties of the trifluoromethyl elemental compounds Me₂PP(CF₃)₂ and Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂ have been studied by the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations (IR, NMR, MS) of their complexes cis-M(CO)₄L₂ (A), [(CO)₄ML]₂ (B) and [(CO)₅M]₂L (C) (M = Cr, Mo, W). Complexes of type A with L = Me₂PP(CF₃)₂ are obtained in good yield by reaction with M(CO)₄NBD (NBD = norbornadiene), whereas with L = Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂ the homobinuclear compounds B are formed. The attempt to prepare the cis-M(CO)₄[Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂]₂ complexes by treating M(CO)₄(Me₂AsH)₂ with P₂(CF₃)₄ is successful only for M = W. Binuclear compounds of type B or C, in general, can be prepared by stepwise reaction of the ligands with either M(CO)₄NBD or M(CO)₅THF.     

Organometallic diazoalkanes XII. Bis(dimethylthallium)diazomethane [Me2Tl]2CN2, a first example of the diazomethyl anion [CN2]2−

Reactions of (Me₂TlNMe₂)₂ or Me₃Tl with diazomethane gave ionic (Me₂Tl)₂CN₂ in a quantitative yield. Bis(dimethylthallium) diazomethane is the first compound known to contain the linear [CN₂]^2? anion. [Me₂Tl]₂CN₂ does not react with P(NMe₂)₃ in a Staudinger reaction to give phosphazine or undergo the Huisgen reaction with MeO₂CCCCO₂Me.     

Template reactions with polynuclear complexes. The reaction of [Mo2(O2CCF3)4(PR3)2] (R = Ph, Et) with 2-aminobenzaldehyde

The binuclear molybdenum(II) complexes [Mo₂(O₂CCF₃)₄(PR₃)₂] (R = Ph, Et) act as templates for the self-condensation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde to give a new class of complexes in which a hydride ion bridges two molybdenum(III) centres, each of which carries a tetradentate macrocyclic ligand (C). The new hydrido complexes [Mo₂(C)₂ (H)(O₂CCF₃)₃(PPh₃)₂] (I), [Mo₂(C)₂(H)₂(O₂CCF₃)₂(PPh₃)₂] (II), and [Mo₂(C)₂ (H)₂(O₂CCF₃)₂(PEt₃)₂]₂ (V) exist in two or more isomeric forms as shown by their IR, ¹H, ³¹P and ¹⁹F NMR spectra. Substitution with thiocyanate, nitrate and tetraphenylborate anions gives the new products [Mo₂(C)₂(H)(CO)(NCS)₃(PPh₃)₂] (III), [Mo₂(C)₂ (H)₂(O₂CCF₃)(NO₃)(PPh₃)₂] (IV), [Mo₂(C)₂(H)(O₂CCF₃)(PPh₃)₂](BPh₄)₂ (VI) and [Mo₂(C)₂(H)₂(O₂CCF₃)(PEt₃)₂](BPh₄) (VII), which also exist in isomeric forms.     

The preparation of NbH5(Me2PCH2CH2Me2)2 and NbHL2(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2 (L = CO or C2H4)

MMe₅(dmpe) (M = Nb or Ta, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) reacts with H₂ (500 atm) and dmpe in THF at 60°C to give MH₅(dmpe)_2? NbH₅(dmpe)₂ readily reacts with two mol of CO or ethylene (L) to give NbHL₂(dmpe)₂. The exchange of the hydride ligand with the ethylene protons in NbH(C₂H₄)₂(dmpe)₂ is not rapid on the ¹H NMR time scale (60 MHz) at 95°C.     

Molecular structures of (SiCl3)2CH2 and (SiCl3)2CCl2 as studied by electron diffraction

An electron diffraction analysis of the molecular structures of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexachloro-1,3-disilapropane and octachloro-1,3-disilapropane has been carried out. Deviations from the staggered conformation are indicated. The data may be approximated by models with C₂ symmetry and a small tilt of the SiCl₃ groups. The main bond lengths (r_g) and bond angles obtained for (SiCl₃)₂ CH₂ are: SiCl, 202.7(4); SiC, 186.6(6); CH, 109.8(24) pm, ClSiCl, 107.9(1); SiCSi, 118.3(7)°; and for (SiCl₃)₂CCl₂: SiCl, 202.0(4); SiC, 190.2(9); CCl, 179.6(9) pm; ClSiCl, 109.5(1); SiCSi, 120.6(9); ClCCl, 110.9(16); SiCCl, 106.3(3)°.     

Association reactions at low pressure. III. The C2H2+/C2H2 system

The association reactions, C4H2(+) + C2H2 and C4H3(+) + C2H2 have been examined at pressures between 8 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-4) Torr at 298 K in an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Association occurred via two different mechanisms. At pressures below approximately 2 x 10(-6) Torr, the association was bimolecular having rate coefficients k2 = 2.7 x 10(-10) cm3 s-1 and 2.0 x 10(-10) cm3 s-1 for C4H2+ and C4H3+, respectively. At pressures above approximately 2 x 10(-6) Torr, termolecular association was observed with rate coefficients, k3 = 5.7 x 10(-23) cm6 s-1 and 1.3 x 10(-23) cm6 s-1 for C4H2+ and C4H3+, respectively, when M = C2H2. The termolecular rate constants with N2, Ar, Ne, and He as the third body, M, are also reported. We propose that the low pressure bimolecular association process was the result of radiative stabilization of the complex and the termolecular association process was the result of collisional stabilization. Elementary rate coefficients were obtained and the lifetime of the collision complex was > or = 57 microseconds for (C6H4+)* and > or = 18 microseconds for (C6H5+)*. At pressures below 1 x 10(-6) Torr, approximately 11% of the (C6H4+)* were stabilized by photon emission and the remaining approximately 89% reverted back to reactants, while approximately 24% of the (C6H5+)* were stabilized by photon emission and the remaining approximately 76% reverted back to reactants. The ionic products of the C2H2(+) + C2H2 reaction, C4H2+ and C4H3+, were found to be formed with enough internal energy that they did not react by the radiative association channel until relaxed by several nonreactive collisions with the bath gas.     

——>——>双核钴簇合物(C6H5CO2CH2C)2Co2(CO)6的合成与结构

The cluster (C_6H_5CO_2CH_2C)_2Co_2(CO)_6 has been synthesized and characterized by element analysis, IR, ~1H NMR etc. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis with R=0.060. The crystal is triclinic, space group P_1 with a=0.8933(3) nm, b=1.1830(6) nm, c=1.3199(3) nm, α=65.64(3)°, β=84.55(3)°, γ=72.03(4)°, z=2, D_x=1.584 g cm~(-1) The C≡C and Co-Co form a tetrahedron with appoximate C_(2V) symmetry. The Co-Co bond is metl singal bond. The hybrid state of carbon atoms in the acetylene is between sp and sp~2.     

σ-Cumulenic transition metal compounds. Remarkably stable cobaloxime complexes; (R)2CCCHCo(dmg)2py

Interaction of NaCo(dmg)₂py with (R)₂CC(OSO₂CF₃)CCH in methanol provides a simple route to novel, stable cumulenyl complexes (R)₂CCCCHCo(dmg)₂py, where R = CH₃ or C₆H₅. In the case of R = H the stable ene-yne complex H₂CC(CCH)Co(dmg)₂py was isolated. The formation and properties of these complexes are discussed.     

About stannous fluoride SnF2. III. Thermal expansion

The unit-cell parameters of SnF₂ were measured from ?200 to 190°C. The tensor of thermal expansion of the three phases (α, β, and γ) was computed from the expansion in each (hkl) direction by a least-squares method. The thermal expansion of each phase is related to its crystal structure and physical properties (molecular structure of α-SnF₂, ferroelastic properties of the β-phase).     

Thermal decomposition mechanisms of MgCl2·6H2O and MgCl2·H2O

The thermal decomposition mechanisms and the intermediate morphology of MgCl₂·6H₂O and MgCl₂·H₂O were studied using integrated thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were six steps in the thermal decomposition of MgCl₂·6H₂O: producing MgCl₂·4H₂O at 69 °C, MgCl₂·2H₂O at 129 °C, MgCl₂·nH₂O (1 ≤ n ≤ 2) and MgOHCl at 167 °C, the conversion of MgCl₂·nH₂O (1 ≤ n ≤ 2) to Mg(OH)Cl·0.3H₂O by simultaneous dehydration and hydrolysis at 203 °C, the dehydration of Mg(OH)Cl·0.3H₂O to MgOHCl at 235 °C, and finally the direct conversion of MgOHCl to the cylindrical particles of MgO at 415 °C. To restrain the sample hydrolysis and to obtain MgCl₂·H₂O, MgCl₂·6H₂O was first calcined in HCl atmosphere until 203 °C when MgCl₂·H₂O was obtained; HCl gas was then turned off and the calcination process continued, producing Mg₃Cl₂(OH)₄·2H₂O calcined at 203 °C, Mg₃(OH)₄Cl₂ at 220 °C and MgO at 360 °C. The temperature of producing MgO from calcination of MgCl₂·H₂O was lower (360 °C) than that from MgCl₂·6H₂O (415 °C) because of its more reactive intermediate products: the irregular shape and tiny needle-like Mg₃Cl₂(OH)₄·2H₂O particles and the uneven surface porous Mg₃(OH)₄Cl₂ particles. The MgO particles obtained at 360 °C had a flake structure.     

Front Cover: Small-Molecule Activation by Heteroleptic Metallasilylenes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2023)

We report on reactions of heteroleptic metallasilylenes L¹(Cl)MSiL² (M=Al 1 , Ga 2 , L¹=HC[C(Me)NDipp]₂, Dipp=2,6-ⁱPr₂C₆H₃; L²=PhC(N^tBu)₂) with CO₂, N₂O, and Me₃SiN₃, yielding the corresponding carbonate complexes L¹(Cl)MOSi(CO₃-κ²O,O−)L² (M=Al 3 , Ga 4 ), silanoic esters L¹(Cl)MOSi(O)L² (M=Al 5 , Ga 6 ), and silaimine L¹(Cl)GaSi(NSiMe₃)L² ( 8 ), whereas {L²Si[N(SiMe₃)Al(Cl)C(Me)NDipp][CHC(Me)N(Dipp)]} 7 was formed by C−C bond cleavage of the L¹ ligand. Compounds 3 – 8 were characterized by NMR (¹H, ¹³C) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

One‐Pot N2C/C2C/N2N Ligation To Trap Weak Protein–Protein Interactions

Weak transient protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play an essential role in cellular dynamics. However, it is challenging to obtain weak protein complexes owing to their short lifetime. Herein we present a general and facile method for trapping weak PPIs in an unbiased manner using proximity‐induced ligations. To expand the chemical ligation spectrum, we developed novel N2N (N‐terminus to N‐terminus) and C2C (C‐terminus to C‐terminus) ligation approaches. By using N2C (N‐terminus to C‐terminus), N2N, and C2C ligations in one pot, the interacting proteins were linked. The weak Ypt1:GDI interaction drove C2C ligation with t_1/2 of 4.8 min and near quantitative conversion. The Ypt1‐GDI conjugate revealed that binding of Ypt1 G‐domain causes opening of the lipid‐binding site of GDI, which can accommodate one prenyl group, giving insights into Rab membrane recycling. Moreover, we used this strategy to trap the KRas homodimer, which plays an important role in Ras signaling.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.     

Platinumolefin bond strength in Pt(PPh3)2(CH2CH2) and Pt(PPh3)2 {C(CN)2C(CN)2}

The enthalpy of the reaction: Pt(PPh₃)₂ (CH₂CH₂)(cryst.) + C(CN)₂C(CN)₂ (g) → Pt(PPh₃)₂ {C(CN)₂C(CN)₂}(cryst.) + CH₂ CH₂ (g) has been determined as ΔH₂₉₈=?155.8±8.0 kJ·mol^?1, from solution calorimetry. The interpretation, that the platinumethylene bond is much weaker than the platinumtetracyanoethylene bond, is contrary to conclusions drawn recently from electron emission spectroscopic studies, but in agreement with available structural data.     

铜催化对亚甲基苯醌/偶氮试剂/水三组分反应合成苯并呋喃-2-酮类化合物

发展了一种高效、简便的潜在生物活性的含氰苯并呋喃-2-酮类化合物的合成新方法。 以廉价碘化亚酮为催化剂,锌粉为添加剂,催化对亚甲基苯醌与1,1-偶氮双(环己烷甲腈)和H₂O三组分反应,经历1,6-共轭加成/芳构化,惰性碳-碳键断裂,以及后续的串联自由基插氰/环化及水解等步骤,“一锅法”快速合成了一系列含氰苯并呋喃酮结构的化合物。 为含氰苯并呋喃酮类化合物的合成提供一条简便而高效的途径,同时也为对亚甲基苯醌类化合物的高值化应用提供一个新的思路。