AlPO-Catalysed asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with chiral acrylates

Reactions of cyclopentadiene with several chiral acrylates are studied and compared with the same reactions catalysed by Zn(II)-exchanged K10 montmorillonite. In general, amorphous AlPO₄ is a more efficient catalyst than the clay. In particular, the reaction of cyclopentadiene with (−)-8-phenylmenthyl acrylate leads to 74% diastereomeric excess (d.e.) in methylene chloride at low temperatures. This result constitutes the highest asymmetric induction described to date for a solid-catalysed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction. When the reactions are carried out in the absence of a solvent a noticeable decrease in selectivity is observed, probably due to an extensive competition of the non-catalysed reaction.     

Asymmetric diels-alder reactions of acrylates derived from 3-alkyl-borneols and -isoborneols

Starting from (+)-camphor the chiral alcohols 7 and 8 have been prepared; their acrylates 9 and 13 underwent TiCl₂(OiPr)₂-mediated Diels-Alder addition to cyclopentadiene with stereoface-differentiations of 66% d.e. and 94% d.e., respectively.     

Preparation,structure and asymmetric diels-alder reactions of 10-arylsulfonylisobornyl acrylates

The crystalline chiral auxiliaries 4 and 5 were readily prepared from camphorsulfonic acid. Their acrylates underwent the diels-alder reactions 6 → 7 with modest asymmetric induction consistent with an X-ray study of $\text{6a}$.     

A reinvestigation of asymmetric induction in diels-alder reactions to chiral acrylates.

The chiral induction in the Diels-Alder addition $\text{1}$ → $\text{2}$, assessed reliably by ¹⁹F-NMR-spectroscopy of the endo-esters $\text{4}$, varied between 47 - 93% in favor of the 2-(R)-adducts $\text{2}$ depending on the auxiliary chiral group and the Lewis-acid catalyst.     

Asymmetric induction—V : Effect of R on asymmetric induction in additions to abcC-COR compounds

The diastereomeric product ratios from reactions involving the addition of various reagents to the carbonyl of φCH₃HC-COR compounds varies over a wide range. This variation is interpreted as due partly to changes in the structure of the diastereomeric transition states with changes in the size of R. For example, when R is smaller than the φCH₃HC group the diastereomeric product ratios are close to those predicted on the assumption that 1 and 2 are the minimum energy diastereomeric transition states; and when R is larger than the φCH₃HC group, the diastereomeric product ratios are large and closer to those that one might expect if 5 and 6 were the minimum energy transition states.     

Study on the oligomerization of cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene to tricyclopentadiene through diels-alder reaction

Summary The oligomerization of cyclopentadiene (CPD) and its dimer, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), to tricyclopentadiene (TCPD) through Diels-Alder reaction at temperatures between 120 and 150°C was investigated. The results show that reaction temperature, pressure and solvent influence the product yield; at 150°C up to 50% yield of TCPD was obtained in the absence of solvents. The ratios of isomers A to B in the product can be adjusted by using different solvents. The kinetics indicate that the rate is more sensitive to the concentration of CPD than to that of DCPD.     

Partial asymmetric synthesis in the diels-alder reaction

The Diels-Alder condensation of (−)-dimenthyl fumarate with butadiene followed by reduction of the adduct with LiAlH₄, produced (−)-(1R:2R)-4-cyclohexene-trans-1,2-dimethanol in 1–3% optical purity depending on the temperature used to carry out the reaction. However, when AlCl₃, SnCl₄ or TiCl₄ are used to catalyze the reaction then the condensation occurs at much lower temperatures and the product after reduction with LiA1H₄ has the opposite sign and configuration. Furthermore the optical purity of the product ranges from 27–78% depending on reaction conditions. Parameters such as solvent, temperature and catalyst, as they affect asymmetric syntheses, are discussed.     

Uncatalyzed asymmetric diels-alder addition of cyclopentadiene to (E)- and (Z) - (R) -4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-pent-2-enonates

The uncatalyzed Diels-Alder addition of cyclopentadiene to the acrylic ester derivatives {=1} proceeds with high diastereo- and enantioface selectitivity.     

Michael additions of amines to methyl acrylates promoted by microwave irradiation

A simple and efficient protocol has been developed for the Michael addition of amines to alpha,beta-unsaturated esters under microwave irradiation. Under these conditions there was a significant decrease in the reaction time, increases in the yields and increased purity of the products.     

Asymmetric diels-alder reactions : facile preparation and structure of sulfonamido-isobornyl acrylates

The crystalline chiral auxiliaries $\text{2}$,$\text{3}$ and $\text{4}$ were prepared from camphor-10-sulfonyl chlorides in 2 steps. Their readily accessible acrylates underwent efficient asymmetric diels-alder additions to cyclopentadiene, the topicity of which agrees with X-ray evidence.     

Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between acrylates and cyclopentadiene in the presence of chiral catalysts

Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and alkyl and cycloalkyl acrylates in the presence of new chiral catalysts, BBr₃·MentOEt, AlCl₂OMent, BBr₂OMent, and BBr(OMent)₂, was studied. Optically active bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5-carboxylates were synthesized. The influence of the reaction conditions on the total and optical yields and on the stereoselectivity of the adducts synthesized was examined.     

Limonene oxide derived aziridinyl alcohols as highly efficient catalysts for asymmetric additions of organozinc species to aldehydes

The facile synthesis of a series of novel catalysts bearing a tertiary hydroxyl group and an aziridine moiety as chelating centers constructed on the scaffold derived from limonene oxide is described. The newly prepared compounds have been tested for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc and phenylethynylzinc to aryl and alkyl aldehydes, affording the corresponding chiral alcohols in very high chemical yields (up to 96%) and with excellent ee’s of ca. 95%.     

Silylene additions to cyclopentadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Evidence for the addition mechanism

Additions of SiH₂, SiCl₂ and Si(CH₃)₂ to cyclopentadiene and of Si(CH₃)₂ to 1,3-cyclohexadiene were carried out by copyrolysis of an appropriate disilane and the diene. All observed products are believed due to 1,2-addition of silylenes forming bicyclic vinylsilacyclopropane derivatives which undergo non-concerted rearrangements.     

Lactic acid derived aziridinyl alcohols as highly effective catalysts for asymmetric additions of an organozinc species to aldehydes

A straightforward synthetic route to a series of new catalysts bearing secondary hydroxyl and aziridine moieties as nucleophilic centers built on the chiral skeleton of (S)-(+)-lactic acid is described. All of the new compounds have been tested in the enantioselective addition of diethyl- and phenylethynylzinc to aryl and alkyl aldehydes, yielding the corresponding chiral alcohols in high chemical yields (up to 85%) and good ee’s of approximately 85%. The influence of the stereogenic center located at the aziridine subunit on the stereochemical outcome is also discussed.     

Intramolecular diels-alder reactions of dienamines with acrylates: trends in stereoselectivity upon substitution.

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of all-$\text{trans}$ ethyl 10-diethylamino-2,7,9-decatrienoate and 11-diethylamino-2,8,10-trienoate occur readily to produce $\text{trans}$ and $\text{cis}$-fused products in ratios of 85:15 and 55:45, respectively.     

High asymmetric induction with beta-turn-derived palladium phosphine complexes

[reaction: see text] Work toward the development of a bisphosphine ligand system for the palladium-catalyzed addition to cyclic allyl acetates is reported. A parallel approach using phosphine-containing amino acids in conjunction with natural amino acids was used to develop a selective ligand system. The ligand system was examined while attached to the polymer support as well as in solution. Selectivites with the difficult substrate 3-acetoxycyclopentene of up to 95% ee are reported.     

Intramolecular diels-alder cycloadditions of substituted furfuryl E-2-(phenylsulfonyl)acrylates

Several substituted furfuryl E-2-(phenylsulfonyl)acrylates have been prepared by direct routes and cyclized in good yield under very mild conditions to give highly oxidized systems of potential use in natural products synthesis.     

Intramolecular and intermolecular diels-alder reactions of acylhydrazones derived from methacrolein and ethylacrolein

The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of hydrazones derived from methacrolein or ethylacrolein and terminally unsaturated N-acyl-N-methylhydrazines have been investigated. The hydrazones 7b and 7c derived from N-methyl-N-pent-4-enoylhydrazine 3b were found to undergo intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition above 140 °C and the pyridopyridazines 12 were isolated. The corresponding hydrazones 8b and 8c from N-methyl N-pent-4-ynoylhydrazone 4a reacted similarly and gave as the final products the pyridines 13. The scope of the reaction is limited, as was shown by the failure of several other terminally unsaturated hydrazones of β-unsaturated aldehydes to undergo intramolecular cycloaddition. These hydrazones did, however, undergo intermolecular [4 + 2] cyctoaddition to N-phenylmaleimide. Other hydraiones 15 of methacrolein. including the benzoylhydrazone and the phenylhydrazone, also reacted with N-phenylmaleimide to give the pyridine 14b by way of an isolable dihydropyridine 16.     

Factors affecting the endo : exo ratio in diels-alder reactions of cyclopentadiene

The ratio of endo-CHO:exo-CHO in the Diels-Alder addition of a trans-αβ-unsaturated aldehyde to cyclopentadiene can be changed from 1:2 to 8:1, depending on temperature and BF₃-catalysis.