1D Ferromagnetic Interaction of 2-Iodo Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Confirmed by Spin Density Calculation

A supramolecular 1D ferromagnetic system was studied experimentally as well as theoretically. Hybrid density functional theory(DFT) calculations were based on the X-ray analysis. The results of DFT calculations and McConnell mechanism have contributed to the understanding of the factors governing the exchange coupling of magnetism in the crystal packing. Both the experimental evidence and theoretical calculation indicate that spin density in 2-iodo nitronyl nitroxide(INN) radicals confirms 1D ferromagnetic chain with inter-chain antiferromagnetic interaction.     

氮氧自由基磁偶合体系的研究进展

介绍了含氮氧自由基磁偶合体系及金属－自由基类分子铁磁体的结构特点及其磁偶合机制.对其发展趋势和前景作一展望.     

原子转移氮氧自由基偶合反应制备聚苯乙烯改性的石墨烯

通过原子转移氮氧自由基偶合(ATNRC)反应制备了聚苯乙烯改性的石墨烯. 先将氧化石墨烯酰氯化, 然后与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基(HTEMPO)进行酯化反应制备HTEMPO 修饰的石墨烯(Graphene-HTEMPO), 通过Graphene-HTEMPO 与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制备的Br 封端的聚苯乙烯进行ATNRC 反应, 即可得到聚苯乙烯共价改性的石墨烯(Graphene-g-PS). 热失重分析结果表明聚苯乙烯的接枝率约为6.68 wt%, 从透射电镜照片中也可以明显地看到石墨烯表面的聚苯乙烯. 由于聚苯乙烯的共价接枝, 使得Graphene-g-PS 在氯仿、正己烷、甲苯、甲醇等有机溶剂中具有很好的分散性, 有利于石墨烯的进一步应用.     

具有光控功能的两种氮氧自由基体系磁偶合作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函结合对称性破损态(DFT-BS)方法, 通过计算具有光控磁性分子开关功能的二氮氧自由基二芳基乙烯化合物的磁偶合常数, 合理解释了其分子结构发生开环和闭环变化时, 分子磁性发生的改变．同时设计了二氮氧自由基二甲基二氢化芘分子光控开环和闭环模型, 并用同样的方法计算了模型分子的磁偶合常数, 发现这些模型分子的磁行为类似于二氮氧自由基二芳基乙烯化合物, 有可能也具有光控磁性分子开关功能．     

Electron Localization versus Delocalization and Ferromagnetic Coupling in Mixed Valence Polyoxometalates

We show that the ferromagnetism, recently found in the doubly-reduced hexanuclear polyoxometalate [V₆O₁₂ (μ₂−OCH₃)₄(L)₄] does not contradict to the proposed earlier delocalization mechanism of the stabilization of a spin- singlet state. The ground state triplet state yields from the internal and/or external complex asymmetry leading to the spin density localization.     

Theoretical Design of High－spin Organic Molecules with Heterocycles as Ferromagnetic Coupling Units

IntroductionThe design and the syntheses of organicmolecules with very high- spin ground states havebeen a topic of great interest[1— 5] .One of rationalapproaches to designing high- spin molecules,which has been proposed and studied by severalgroups[6,7] ,consists in conceptually dividing themolecules into two components,i.e.,a spin- con-taining( SC) fragment which provides the unpairedelectron and a ferromagnetic coupling ( FC) unitwhich is connected with radical centers ferromag-netically…     

A Tetra-Porphyrin Host Exhibiting Interannular Cooperativity

Recently identified as another form of cooperativity, interannular cooperativity is rarely observed in supramolecular chemistry. A tetra-porphyrin molecular tweezer with two bis-porphyrin binding sites is reported that exhibits archetypal interannular cooperativity when complexing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). The UV/Vis titration data best supported a 1:2 plus 2:2 plus 1:4 complexation model (host:guest), giving K₁₂=6.32×10¹³ m ⁻², K₂₂=3.04×10²⁰ m ⁻³, and K₁₄=1.92×10¹⁶ m ⁻⁴ in CHCl₃. The NMR titration data supported the formation of two sandwich species, including tetra-porphyrin⋅(DABCO)₂ as the major species, although there are speciation differences between UV/Vis and NMR concentrations. Using statistical analysis, interannular cooperativity (γ) for tetra-porphyrin⋅(DABCO)₂ was determined to be negative (γ=2.41×10⁻³), which may be explained by DABCO being too small to be optimally bound simultaneously at both bis-porphyrin binding sites.     

Ferromagnetic Coupling through Spin Polarization in a Dinuclear Copper(II) Metallacyclophane

No Abstract     

A New Mild Reducing Agents of Nitroxide to Hydroxylamine

This work reports a new mild reducing agents of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (1) to hydroxylamine with a good yield. These compounds are: tetrahydroxy-1, 4-quinone (3), 2,5-dihydroxy- 4-benzoquinone (4) and rhodizonic acid (5).     

A Supramolecular Polymer of Nitroxide Radicals via Hydrogen Bonding

Summary: 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxy (TEMPO) is a robust nitroxide radical molecule under ambient conditions. We found that the TEMPO derivatives act as a proton acceptor to form an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding complex with many kinds of phenol or urea derivatives. ORTEP analysis of the crystals of TEMPO with the phenol derivatives indicated that hydrogen bonding could be formed between the oxygen of the nitroxide and the phenolic proton and the N O bond of the hydrogen-bonded TEMPO was lengthened in comparison to that of the free N O bond. The formation constant of the hydrogen-bonding complex of TEMPO with the phenol or urea derivatives in a chloroform solution was spectroscopically determined by IR to be 10–100 M⁻¹. Hydrogen bonding of the thelechelic bis-TEMPO derivatives with thelechelic bis-phenol or bis-urea derivatives provided a supramolecular structure. The estimated molecular weights of the supramolecules in the chloroform solution, based on DOSY-NMR spectroscopy, were 3000–4000. The potential of the nitroxide radical's supramolecule as a new functional material is also described.     

A Ferroelectric Metallomesogen Exhibiting Field-Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation

Magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibiting coupled electric and magnetic properties are of significant interest because of their potential use in memory storage devices, new sensors, or low-consumption devices. Herein, we report a new category of ME material that shows liquid crystal (LC), ferroelectric (FE), and field-induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviors. Co(II) complex incorporating alkyl chains of type [Co(3C₁₆-bzimpy)₂](BF₄)₂ ( 1 ; 3C₁₆-bzimpy=2,2’-(4-hexadecyloxy-2,6-diyl)bis(1-hexadecyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)) displayed a chiral smectic C mesophase in the temperature range 321 K–458 K, in which distinct FE behavior was observed, with a remnant polarization (88.3 nC cm⁻²). Complex 1 also exhibited field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior that reflects the large magnetic anisotropy of the Co(II) center. Furthermore, the dielectric property of 1 was able to be tuned by an external magnetic field occurring from both spin-lattice coupling and molecular orientational variation. Clearly, this multifunctional compound, combining LC, FE, and SMM properties, represents an entry to the development of a range of next-generation ME materials.     

BowtieArene: A Dual Macrocycle Exhibiting Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescence

Although highly useful in supramolecular chemistry, pillararenes lack a fluorophore in their skeleton. Here we present BowtieArene, a novel fluorescent dual macrocycle, featuring a central tetraphenylethylene-derived fluorophore and two pillar-like, pentagon-shaped cavities which are comparable to pillar[5]arene. This concisely prepared, figure-of-eight molecule exhibits vapor absorption and host–guest capabilities, as well as intriguing switchable fluorescence. The fluorochromism of BowtieArene can be triggered by multiple external stimuli including solvent, vapor, and mechanical force, with excellent reversibility and stability. Experimental and theoretical evidence indicate that the fluorochromism should be closely related to molecular packing.     

Synthesis of Nitroxide Paramagnetic Ketones from Nitroxide Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides by Fiedel-Crafts Acylation

Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene or toluene with 5- and 6-membered nitroxide acid chloride, anhydrides derivatives (symmetrical or mixed) and aluminium chloride to aryl nitroxide ketones is described.     

Multi‐zinc‐expanded graphene patches: Tetraradical versus diradical character

Three classes of multi‐Zn‐expanded graphene patches in different shapes are computationally designed through introducing a Zn chain into the corresponding middle benzenoid chain. Both density functional theory and complete active space self‐consistent field calculations predict that molecules of nnn‐quasi‐linear and nnn‐slightly bent series have the open‐shell broken‐symmetry (BS) singlet diradical ground states, whereas those of n(n+1)n species possess quintet tetraradical as their ground state and become open‐shell BS singlet tetraradicals when they are in a higher energy state. These results offer the first theoretical attempt to introduce multi‐Zn into the small graphene patches to form Zn‐expanded graphene patches, leading them to polyradical structures. This work provides an executable strategy to yield molecules which have stable polyradicaloid character and enhanced electronic properties of multi‐Zn‐expanded graphene patches. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Nitroxide partitioning between styrene and water

Research into nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) performed in emulsions and miniemulsions has progressed significantly over the past several years. However, our knowledge of the conditions during polymerization (e.g., the nitroxide concentrations in the aqueous and organic phases) is incomplete, and as such we have yet to achieve a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes. To better understand the conditions present in heterogeneous NMRP, we measured the partition coefficients of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO), 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO, and 4‐amino‐TEMPO between styrene and water from 25 to 135 °C. Experiments were performed in a 250‐mL Parr reactor that was equipped for the simultaneous sampling of the aqueous and organic phases. Aqueous‐phase and organic‐phase nitroxide concentrations were measured with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. Experiments were also performed at 135 °C in the presence of hexadecane (costabilizer), polystyrene, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (surfactant) to determine the effects of the miniemulsion polymerization recipe ingredients on the partitioning of TEMPO and 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO. On the basis of the measured partition coefficients (expressed as the ratio of the nitroxide concentration in the organic phase to the nitroxide concentration in the aqueous phase), 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO was the most hydrophilic of the nitroxides investigated, followed by 4‐amino‐TEMPO and TEMPO. Hexadecane, polystyrene, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate did not have a significant influence on the partitioning of these nitroxides at 135 °C. Experiments with ethylbenzene instead of styrene demonstrated that thermally generated radicals were not responsible for the observed temperature effects on the measured partition coefficients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1081–1089, 2001