XHn型气相分子的合成技术

近年来，分了局域模振动的光谱理论研究已成为分子光谱学引人入胜的前沿领域[1]，而研究分子局域模振动最具说服力的分子对象就是XHn型气相分子。Si、Ge、Sn、S、Se、Te、P、As、Sb等元素的氢化物都很活泼，容易分解，大部分属剧毒气体，必须在通风橱中处理这类气体。早期文献中介绍XHn型分子的合成比较多[2～4]，但适合普通实验室设备的简单、实用、安全的合成方法并不多见。     

Cu/O-g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B

以三聚氰胺固体粉末为原料,采用一步热聚合法合成了g-C₃N₄材料;在此基础上利用酸处理氧化法合成氧掺杂氮化碳O-g-C₃N₄材料;利用溶剂热法合成Cu/O-g-C₃N₄复合材料。对所制备材料进行了FTIR、XRD、XPS、SEM等表征,并作为光催化剂用于光催化降解实验,以罗丹明B作为目标污染物,初步探讨了降解动力学过程和降解机理。实验结果表明,此方法合成的复合材料反应活性位点丰富且分散均匀,表现出较强的催化和可循环性能。其中其中掺杂硫酸铜质量比约为6%的Cu/O-g-C₃N₄(CuCN-Ⅱ)复合材料光催化降解性能最佳,在光照180 min内对罗丹明B的降解率可以达到98%以上,同时复合材料具有良好的稳定性。     

First total synthesis of 10α-hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one and its C10-isomer

An efficient synthetic route to muurolane type sesquiterpenes starting from (R)-carvone,employing allylic diazene rearrange-ment and the ring closing methesis (RCM) reaction as key steps,is described.The first asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-10α-hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one B and (-)-10β-hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one C was accomplished.Through the total synthesis,the absolute configurations of the natural products A,B and C were established.     

Fe3O4@MCM-48-OSO3H磁性核壳纳米粒子催化3,3′-双吲哚高效合成（英文）

Magnetite nanoparticles coated with sulfuric acid-functionalized mesoporous MCM-48 were syn-thesized and used as a catalyst in three-component domino reactions of indoles, arylglyoxal mono-hydrates andN-arylenaminones to furnish the desired 3,3′-bisindoles by formation of two C–C and one C–N bonds in a smooth cascade with good yields under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst was recovered easily and maintained activity in successive runs.     

Molecular Model Design and Quantum Chemistry Calculation of Cluster B4N4

The B4N4 configurations were designed by using the molecular figure software. The full geometry optimization and harmonic vibration frequency analysis were performed at the 6-31G(d) level using density functional theory B3LYP method,which indicates that the five isomers are stationary points on the potential energy surface of B4N4 molecules. The geometry structure,frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and mulliken population have been analyzed. The bonding properties and hybrid type were also discussed in detail,showing the addition of hydrogen atoms to boron or nitrogen atom would increase the stabilities of the BN clusters.     

LaPO4∶Eu3+—Fe3O4光-磁复合材料的合成与性能研究

采用2步水热法合成了LaPO4∶Eu3+-Fe3O4复合材料.在LaPO4∶Eu3+-Fe3O4复合材料中,LaPO4∶Eu3+为单斜晶相,呈纳米棒状,纳米棒的直径和长度分别为20~100nm和0.2~1μm;Fe3O4为正交晶相、呈20~30nm的颗粒状,Fe3O4粒子紧紧附着在LaPO4∶Eu3+纳米棒的表面;样品的磁性和发光性质研究表明所合成的LaPO4∶Eu3+—Fe3O4复合材料既具有发光性质又具有磁性.     

Synthesis of Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Ag/Fe3O4 and Ag/Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic properties

Two important iron oxides:Fe3O4 and Fe2O3,as well as Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles mingling with Ag were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal procedure.The samples were confirmed and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The morphology of the samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicated Fe3O4,Fe2O3,Ag/Fe3O4 and Ag/Fe2O3 samples all were nanoparticles with smaller sizes.The samples were modified on a glassy carbon electrode and their elctrocatalytic properties for p-nitrophenol in a basic solution were investigated.The results revealed all the samples showed enhanced catalytic performances by comparison with a bare glassy carbon electrode.Furthermore,p-nitrophenol could be reduced at a lower peak potential or a higher peak current on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag/Fe3O4 or Ag/Fe2O3 composite nanoparticles.     

H3PO4—BF3／ZrO2及H3PO4—BF3—H2SO4／ZrO2催化剂的酸性及结构研究

本文研究了固体酸烷基化反应催化剂H3PO4－BF3／ZrO2及H3PO4－BF3－H2SO4／ZrO2的酸性及其结构。用指示剂法及正丁胺滴定法测定了催化剂的酸强度及酸量；用吸附吡啶的红外光谱法研究了催化剂的表面酸类型；用FT－IR、XPS、XRD、DTA－TG及TPDE等方法研究了催化剂的结构。结果表明；两种催化剂表面均只有Broensted酸，酸强度为－8．2＜H0≤-5.6。H3PO4-BF3/ZrO2中，活性组分强能是以H2PO4^-：BF3的形态存在，BF3通过与H2O4^-的络合作用是催化剂的活性增强。H3PO4－BF3／ZrO2中，存在H2SO4与ZrO2的成盐作用，同时亦有可能存在H2SO4与H3PO4、BF3之间的相互作用。催化剂在下焙烧失活的主要原因是H2PO4^-失水生成P2O7^4－，使催化剂表面质子酸量大幅度降低所致。     

球片型Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合材料光催化性能研究

本文分别通过牺牲模板法与热聚合法,制备出Fe_3O_4纳米球与g-C_3N_4。再采用超声辅助液相剥离法将g-C_3N_4剥离成纳米片分散液,接着通过交替过滤使得Fe_3O_4纳米球与g-C_3N_4纳米片形成球片型的光催化复合材料。利用XRD、BET、SEM及TEM等检测手段对产物的形貌及结构进行表征。通过对比单独的g-C_3N_4与Fe_3O_4/g-C_3N_4复合物,得出Fe_3O_4/g-C_3N_4复合物在还原Cr(Ⅵ)水溶液中显示出高的光催化活性,同时也具有良好的稳定性。     

g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂的合成及其光催化活性研究

以g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4为主要原料,用高温水热法合成出BiVO4/g-C_3N_4复合催化剂。采用X-射线衍射(PXRD)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis),对复合催化剂BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4的结构进行表征。在可见光下,考察此复合催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解性能。研究发现,复合催化剂具有g-C_3N_4和BiVO_4结构特征,在X-射线衍射峰上显示出轻微的宽化,质量比为10%的BiVO_4/g-C_3N_4光催化剂降解活性最好,其降解率在360分钟能达到70.6%。     

Ni2P-NiS双助剂促进g-C3N4光催化产氢动力学

本文通过简单的一步水热法得到Ni₂P-NiS双助催化剂,之后采用溶剂蒸发法将Ni₂P-NiS与g-C₃N₄纳米片结合构建获得无贵金属的Ni₂P-NiS/g-C₃N₄异质结。研究结果表明,优化后的复合材料具有良好的光催化产氢活性,其产氢速率最高可到6892.7 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别为g-C₃N₄ (150 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)、15%NiS/g-C₃N₄ (914.5 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)和15%Ni₂P/g-C₃N₄ (1565.9 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)的46.1、7.5和4.4倍。这主要归因于Ni₂P-NiS相比Ni₂P和NiS单体具有更好的载流子转移能力,其与g-C₃N₄形成的肖特基势垒能有效促进光生载流子在二者界面上的分离,同时Ni₂P-NiS能进一步降低析氢过电势,进而显著增强了表面析氢反应动力学。本研究为开发稳定、高效的非贵金属产氢助剂提供了实验基础。     

ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及可见光催化制氢性能

采用水热方法制备了ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等手段对其结构和性能进行表征. 结果表明, 当ZnIn₂S₄的负载量为20%(质量分数)时, 复合材料表现出最佳的光催化制氢性能, 制氢速率可达到637.08 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, 分别为纯ZnIn₂S₄和纯g-C₃N₄的4倍和37倍. 其原因在于ZnIn₂S₄和g-C₃N₄之间具有紧密的异质结结构, 两者有效的结合改善了组分的能带匹配和界面电荷转移, 从而大幅增强了载流子的分离和迁移, 进而提高光催化的性能.     

Ni5P4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

使用尿素、 红磷和氯化镍为原料, 通过一种简单的焙烧方法合成了Ni₅P₄/g-C₃N₄光催化剂. 该催化剂形成的异质结可以降低界面电阻, 有效抑制光生电子-空穴对复合率. 以罗丹明B模拟污染物进行降解测试, 发现3NPC的反应速率常数最高, 几乎是g-C₃N₄的7倍, 并具有最高的光催化产氢能力, 制氢速率高达1013.88 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, 明显高于g-C₃N₄(664.38 μmol·g^-1·h^-1).     

反蛋白石结构的g-C3N4可控合成及其优异的光催化产氢性能

The growing frustration from facing energy shortages and unbalanced environmental issues has obstructed the long-term development of human society. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis, such as water splitting, transfers solar energy to storable chemical energy and is widely considered an economic and clean solution. Although regarded as a promising photocatalyst, the low specific surface area of g-C₃N₄ crucially restrains its photocatalytic performance. The macro-mesoporous architecture provides effective channels for mass transfer and full-light utilization and improved the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction. Herein, g-C₃N₄ with an inverse opal (IO) structure was rationally fabricated using a well-packed SiO₂ template, which displayed an ultrahigh surface area (450.2 m²·g^-1) and exhibited a higher photocatalytic H₂ evolution rate (21.22 μmol·h^-1), almost six times higher than that of bulk g-C₃N₄ (3.65 μmol·h^-1). The IO g-C₃N₄ demonstrates better light absorption capacity than bulk g-C₃N₄, primarily in the visible spectra range, owing to the multiple light scattering effect of the three-dimensional (3D) porous structure. Meanwhile, a lower PL intensity, longer emission lifetime, smaller Nyquist semicircle, and stronger photocurrent response (which synergistically give rise to the suppressed recombination of charge carriers) decrease the interfacial charge transfer resistance and boost the formation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the existing N vacancies intensify the local electron density, helping increase the number of photoexcitons. The N₂ adsorption-desorption test revealed the existence of ample mesopores and macropores and high specific surface area in IO g-C₃N₄, which exposes more active edges and catalytic sites. Optical behavior, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical characterization results revealed positive factors, including enhanced light utilization, improved photogenerated charge separation, prolonged lifetime, and fortified IO g-C₃N₄ with excellent photocatalytic performance. This work provides an important contribution to the structural design and property modulation of photocatalysts.      

Cu2+改性g-C3N4光催化剂的光催化性能

Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C₃N₄ and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu²⁺. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ and pure g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C₃N₄ and Cu/g-C₃N₄ demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C₃N₄. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB and CIP over Cu/g-C₃N₄ may be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate by copper. The photoelectric test showed that the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ could reduce the electron-hole recombination rate of g-C₃N₄ and accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance indicated that the synergistic effect of superoxide radicals (O₂^•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes could increase the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ materials.     

类石墨烯C3N4纳米片光催化分解水制氢中的量子限域效应

从层状化合物获得的纳米片是一类新型纳米结构材料,这种二维各向异性的纳米甚至亚纳米级的材料具有独特的物理化学性能,其中最好的一个例证就是从石墨烯C₃N₄到石墨烯C₃N₄纳米片的转变。通过高温氧化热刻蚀方法将体相g-C₃N₄剥离成g-C₃N₄纳米片,应用于染料敏化可见光分解水产氢,表现出了较体相g-C₃N₄高于2.6倍的产氢速率。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）、荧光光谱和光电化学等表征研究了g-C₃N₄纳米片的结构及曙红（EY）和g-C₃N₄纳米片之间的电子迁移过程。热剥离后的g-C₃N₄纳米片具有较高的比表面积,不仅可以更为有效地吸附染料分子,还因其量子限域效应大大增强了光生电荷的分离效率和电子转移效率,改善了电子沿平面方向的传输能力以及光生载流子的寿命,从而显著提高g-C₃N₄纳米片的光催化产氢活性。     

氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯与吡啶共聚g-C3N4复合光催化剂及其增强的产氢活性

Here, we fabricated a pyridine-copolymerized g-C₃N₄ by a novel and cost-effective approach based on Schiff-base chemistry. Thus produced g-C₃N₄ showed significantly enhanced and stable visible-light photocatalytic H₂ evolution performance compared to pristine g-C₃N₄ obtained from urea. Subsequently, we constructed a composite of pyridine-modified g-C₃N₄ and N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) by facile one-pot calcination to elevate the photocatalytic efficiency further. The peak H₂ production rate achieved using this composite was 304 μmol·h^-1, about 11.7 and 3.1 times as those obtained using pure g-C₃N₄ and pyridine-modified g-C₃N₄, respectively. In addition to enhanced visible light absorbance and enlarged surface area, the promoted separation, transfer, and surface reactivity of photogenerated charge carriers by the pyridine ring as intramolecular electron acceptor and N-rGO as "electron-transfer activation region" are considered responsible for the remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

熔盐辅助法制备g-C3N4纳米结构及其光催化制氢性能

以尿素作为原料, 采用熔盐辅助热聚合法在KCl-NaCl-BaCl₂体系中制备了带隙可调的g-C₃N₄纳米结构. 采用X射线衍射仪、 扫描电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱仪、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪及荧光光谱仪对产物的结构、 形貌、 成分及光学性能进行了表征. 对g-C₃N₄纳米结构可见光条件下的光催化制氢性能进行了测试, 研究了不同的尿素/熔盐比对其光催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 熔盐辅助热聚合法制备的g-C₃N₄ 纳米结构吸收光谱出现明显宽化, 吸收边由普通热聚合法制备g-C₃N₄的约450 nm红移至约500 nm左右. 同时光生载流子复合几率明显降低, 从而有效提升其光催化制氢性能. 最优化的g-C₃N₄(60)样品析氢速率达到12301.1 μmol?g^?1?h^?1, 为普通热聚合法制备g-C₃N₄析氢速率的4倍.     

全有机S型异质结PDI-Ala/S-C3N4光催化剂增强光催化性能

Organic photocatalysts have attracted attention owing to their suitable redox band positions, low cost, high chemical stability, and good tunability of their framework and electronic structure. As a novel organic photocatalyst, PDI-Ala (N, N'-bis(propionic acid)-perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide) has strong visible-light response, low valence band position, and strong oxidation ability. However, the low photogenerated charge transfer rate and high carrier recombination rate limit its application. Due to the aromatic heterocyclic structure of g-C₃N₄ and large delocalized π bond in the planar structure of PDI-Ala, g-C₃N₄ and PDI-Ala can be tightly combined through π–π interactions and N―C bond. The band structure of sulfur-doped g-C₃N₄ (S-C₃N₄) matched well with PDI-Ala than that with g-C₃N₄. The electron delocalization effect, internal electric field, and newly formed chemical bond jointly promote the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers between PDI-Ala and S-C₃N₄. To this end, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst comprising organic semiconductor PDI-Ala and S-C₃N₄ was prepared by an in situ self-assembly strategy. Meanwhile, PDI-Ala was self-assembled by transverse hydrogen bonding and longitudinal π–π stacking. The crystal structure, morphology, valency, optical properties, stability, and energy band structure of the PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were systematically analyzed and studied by various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky curve. The work functions and interface coupling characteristics were determined using density functional theory. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized photocatalyst for H₂O₂ production and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible-light irradiation are discussed. The PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ S-scheme heterojunction with band matching and tight interface bonding accelerates the intermolecular electron transfer and broadens the visible-light response range of the heterojunction. In addition, in the processes of the PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ photocatalytic degradation reaction, a variety of active species (h⁺, ·O₂^-, and H₂O₂) were produced and accumulated. Therefore, the PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance in the degradation of TC, PNP, and H₂O₂ production. Under visible-light irradiation, the optimum 30%PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ removed 90% of TC within 90 min. In addition, 30%PDI-Ala/S-C₃N₄ displayed the highest H₂O₂ evolution rate of 28.3 μmol·h^-1·g^-1, which was 2.9 and 1.6 times higher than those of PDI-Ala and S-C₃N₄, respectively. These results reveal that the all organic photocatalyst comprising PDI-based supramolecular and S-C₃N₄ can be efficiently applied for the degradation of organic pollutants and production of H₂O₂. This work not only provides a novel strategy for the design of all organic S-scheme heterojunctions but also provides a new insight and reference for understanding the structure–activity relationship of heterostructure catalysts with effective interface bonding.      

氨氛围热处理g-C_3N_4控制N空位浓度提高光催化制氢性能

热处理氧化石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)材料产生氮缺陷、提升其光催化制氢性能的研究备受关注,但其N空位浓度高且不可控、一定程度破坏g-C_3N_4晶体结构,降低g-C_3N_4的结晶度,导致光生电子-空穴对复合率高,致使其光催化制氢效率较低。基于上述问题,本研究以二氰二胺为前驱体制备了g-C_3N_4,与不同含量的尿素混合,在空气中加热快速热处理,通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段,对其物相组成、微观形貌、光学吸收等进行了表征,在可见光条件下对样品进行了光催化制氢性能测试,研究了尿素的加入对热处理后g-C_3N_4材料的N空位浓度、结晶度及光催化制氢性能的影响。研究表明,尿素的加入降低了N空位的浓度,且提升了其结晶度。在优化的尿素添加量下,g-C_3N_4的可见光光催化制氢速率为6.5μmol·h-1,是没有添加尿素处理的样品的3倍。该研究结果表明,利用尿素原位分解产生的NH_3,可以抑制g-C_3N_4热处理过程中氮原子的氧化程度、实现调控N空位浓度,同时提高了结晶度,最终提升了其光催化制氢性能。