固体表面化学发光分析 Ⅱ.单矿物和钢中镍的微量测定

本文建立了Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）＾２－ｎｎ催化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ的化学发光反应，与Ｎｉ＾２＋的催化化学发光反应比较，它更适合于固体表面化学发光分析。利用Ｎｉ＾２＋在用丙酮－盐酸－水作展开剂的纸上色谱行为中Ｒｔ值为零的特点，与大多数干扰离子进行分离，实现了单矿物和钢铁中镍的快速纸上色谱－固体表面化学发光分析。     

化学发光在生化分析中的应用研究进展

化学发光分析是利用化学发光反应的发光现象,对化学发光物质由激发态跃迁回基态时发出的光信号进行测量的一种分析方法。化学发光分析具有无需外来光源、灵敏度高、操作方便、分析快速以及易于实现自动化等优点,可与其它分析技术联用,在临床检验、药物分析和环境监测等领域具有广泛应用。近年来,纳米材料、生物芯片及微流控技术的引入促进了化学发光分析技术的发展。本文综述了化学发光分析与高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳、量子点、微流控芯片和微阵列、以及滚环扩增、等温指数扩增和两级等温扩增联用技术的发展,介绍了化学发光分析技术在DNA、生物小分子、生物酶、蛋白质和金属离子检测中的应用研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

有机化合物的化学发光分析

本文综述了化学发光反应测定有机化合物的几种主要类型,简单介绍了液相化学发光反应在环境保护、临床医学、制药工业,农药、有机合成、微生物以及薄层色谱、高效液相色谱方面的分析应用。     

高效液相色谱电生Mn(Ⅲ)化学发光法检测人体血清和尿样中的卡托普利

设计了一个HPLC在线电生Mn(Ⅲ)化学发光检测器, 实现在线电化学反应, 从而产生反应活性很高的初生态氧化剂Mn(Ⅲ), 并与色谱柱后CP混合产生化学发光. 同时还能够根据需要调节电极反应和发光反应两者的介质, 满足柱后发光反应的最佳环境. 在优化流动相和化学发光检测条件的基础上, 将该检测器应用于人体血清和尿液中CP的测定.     

高效液相色谱-柱后反应化学发光法检测痕量多环芳烃

过氧草酰类化学发光是六十年代发展起来的一种非酶催化高量子效率体系,量子效率高达25％。此化学发光体系已应用于色谱分离柱后反应检测荧光物质。方     

纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光及其分析应用

化学发光的基础理论和分析应用已经有多年的研究历史,但化学发光的研究多局限于分子和离子水平。纳米粒子由于其量子尺寸效应、表面能高以及比表面积大,因而常作为氧化还原反应的催化剂来放大反应信号。近年来,纳米粒子直接或者间接参与的化学发光拓展了化学发光的理论和应用研究范畴,己发现纳米粒子能够作为催化剂、还原剂、微尺度反应平台和能量接受体等参与化学发光反应。本文详细介绍了纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光体系,并重点评述了部分纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光与高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳等分离技术联用实例。纳米粒子作为一种新型化学发光响应单元,可提高鲁米诺化学发光反应的效率,对开发新的鲁米诺化学发光反应体系具有重要意义,已有关于金、铂、银、合金、半导体、磁性等纳米粒子参与的鲁米诺化学发光报道。除应用于环境、药品及食品等分析领域外,其在免疫分析方面也表现出巨大的应用潜力。最后,提出了纳米粒子参与鲁米诺化学发光体系研究目前存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

毛细管离子分析的高灵敏化学发光检测

首次报道毛细管离子分析的新型研究技术─—自行组装的毛细管电泳化学发光检测器,将内径为５０μｍ的电泳毛细管经刻蚀插入内径为５３０μｍ的反应管,内径为１２０μｍ的试剂管通过聚四氟乙烯三通将试剂引入反应管中,反应管上的检测窗定位于光电倍增管前,使光信号尽可能多地被接收。金属离子催化鲁米诺－过氧化氢发光是较灵敏的化学发光研究体系,但干扰严重。高效液相色谱分离对象有限,分离效率不十分理想。本系统成功地基线分离了Ｃｏ￣（２＋）、Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、Ｎｉ￣（２＋）、Ｆｅ￣（３＋）、Ｍｎ￣（２＋）五种金属离子。     

低压离子色谱-化学发光联用在线检测水中痕量铜

低压离子色谱化学发光方法在线检测Cu^2 ，利用草酸作为色谱柱的洗脱液，研究了分离条件、发光条件及二者的匹配方式等因素对分离检测的影响，测定Cu^2 的线性范围为0．4－6mg／L；检测限为0．1mg/L，方法用自来水及地表水中Cu^2 的分析测定。     

高效液相色谱-高锰酸钾氧化化学发光法测定水中的痕量苯二酚

基于酸性介质中甲酸对高锰酸钾-苯二酚氧化发光反应的增敏作用建立了高效液相色谱-化学发光柱后检测苯二酚的新方法。优化了高锰酸钾-苯二酚氧化发光反应及高效液相色谱分离苯二酚的条件,用甲醇-0.1 mmol/L β-环糊精水溶液(体积比为30∶70) 作为流动相可实现对水中3种苯二酚异构体的分离,且能与高锰酸钾-苯二酚氧化化学发光反应条件很好地偶合。对所测定的苯二酚异构体,方法的线性范围达两个数量级;以信噪比为3测得邻、间、对苯二酚的检出限(n=3)分别为:5.2,4.7,3.2 μg/L,对质量浓度均为0.10 mg/L的3种苯二酚混合溶液连续测定11次,邻、间、对苯二酚的相对标准偏差分别为2.8%,3.4%,6.5%。将该方法与固相萃取技术相结合,对河水中的痕量苯二酚进行了测定,加标回收率为92.1%~95.4%。     

液相色谱的交流电致化学发光检测系统的研制

讨论了由计算机控制的液相色谱交流电致化学发光检测器的研制过程,并对其性能进行了测试。     

液相色谱-化学发光检测法的最新进展

评述了近年来液相色谱－化学发光检测法的最新进展,参考文献从１９９２年到１９９５年。内容涉及各类化学发光反应同液相色谱体系的耦合方式,仪器设计,多种无机、有机、生物大分子、生物活性物质及药物的分析方法及其在环境、生物医学科学和生命科学、临床化学及药物化学中的应用和发展方向。     

Flow-Based Methods with Chemiluminescence Detection for Food and Environmental Analysis: A Review

This paper presents an overview of flow-based methods in food and environmental analysis using chemiluminescence (CL) detection covering the period from 2005 to the present. The review discussses both automated flow methods of analysis [such as flow-injection analysis (FIA), sequential-injection analysis (SIA) and their variants] and separation techniques [liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to CL detection]. The most widely used CL reactions are presented together with representative applications in food and environmental analysis (determination of naturally occurring compounds, contaminants, additives as well as determination of inorganic and organic compounds).     

Procedures for the enhancement of selectivity in liquid phase chemiluminescence detection

An overview of liquid phase chemiluminescence (CL) processes is presented and the potential for CL detection in liquid chromatography (LC) is discussed, with particular reference to the luminol and peroxyoxalate reactions. Post column ion displacement from a solid phase reagent [a cation exchange resin in the copper(II) form] followed by catalysis of the luminol reaction is used for the quantification of mixtures of weak acids after separation by ion-exclusion chromatography. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released during the combustion of biomass fuels are separated by reversed-phase chromatography and quantified by their sensitizing effect on the peroxyoxalate reaction. This procedure is also used for the determination of carboxylic acids in non-aqueous media after selective pre-column derivatization with a fluorescent label (9-anthracenemethanol).     

Chromatographic determinations of a beta-lactam antibiotic, cefaclor by means of fluorescence, chemiluminescence and mass spectrometry

We report analytical informations on the quantification of cefaclor (CCL), a beta-lactam antibiotic by three detection methods. The methods were based on the chemical derivatization of the drug with 4-(2'-cyanoisoindolyl)phenylisothiocyanate (CIPIC) under the reaction conditions with heating at 80 degrees C for 7 min in the presence of pyridine. The CIPIC reagent could react with the primary amino group of the drug to form CIPIC-conjugated CCL. The derivative emitted not only fluorescence (FL) at maximum emission wavelength of 410 nm with the irradiation at 310 nm excitation, but also chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of H(2)O(2), borate buffer (pH 9.5) and acetonitrile. After reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of the CIPIC-conjugated CCL in blood, the derivative could be monitored with a FL detector, indicating the detection limit (S/N=3) of 10 pmol/injection. The CIPIC-conjugated CCL was further monitored most sensitively by a CL detector after simply mixing H(2)O(2) and borate buffer with the column eluate. The CL detection limit was 1.0 pmol/injection. In addition, we attempted to detect the CIPIC-conjugated CCL by liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The MS method permitted the specific detection of the CIPIC derivative of the drug, though the sensitivity was 10(4)-times lower than that of the CL detection.     

A novel chemiluminescence technique for quantitative measurement of low concentration human serum albumin.

An efficient and highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) technique is proposed in the current study for detection of low levels of human serum albumin (HSA). Chemiluminescence (CL) produced during interaction between fluoresceinyl cypridina luciferin analog (FCLA)-1O2 can be modified with the presence of HSA. The conventional CL technique uses a quenching effect of HSA for its quantitative measurement. We are reporting here that the CL intensity can be enhanced, rather than quenched, by the addition of HSA. The CL signal can be linearly correlated with the HSA concentration over a clinically interesting range of 5 x 10(-9) - 8 x 10(-8) mol L(-1), with a detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-9) mol L(-1). The determination result was consistent with that obtained from conventional methods. One possible mechanism of HSA detection technique using CL enhancement approach is discussed. Intermolecular energy transfer in chemiluminescence systems and changes of microenvironment are likely to be contributors of the CL enhancement with HSA.     

Chemiluminescence detection in capillary electrophoresis using an ultra-fast co-catalyzed peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent reaction and electrokinetic reagent delivery

Summary Despite the impressive limits of detection and inherent selectivity afforded by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) detection, efficient coupling of POCL to capillary electrophoresis (CE) remains limited by the relatively slow kinetics of the reactions that drive imidazole-catalyzed chemiluminescence. Moreover, oxalate esters, used in POCL, are sparingly soluble in polar solvents and hydrolyze rapidly, presenting an additional challenge with respect to detection following aqueous phase separations. In this paper, a novel method for coupling an ultrafast POCL reaction to CE is presented. Post separation electrokinetic delivery of the POCL reagent bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) was accomplished using a commercially available micro tee. Electrokinetic addition of TCPO allowed for precise control of the ratio of TCPO to the chemiluminescence (CL) reagents 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine (PMP) and 1,2,4-triazole (triazole), spiked into the running buffer. This novel method for CL reagent delivery avoided the problems and costs associated with using pressure or mechanical pumps to deliver reagents post separation. Use of this dual-component system (PMP and triazole) resulted in intense CL with half-lives of less than 2 seconds. Optimum conditions for CE-POCL detection were investigated using stopped-flow kinetics. The detection limit for 3-aminofluoranthene, following separation by CE, was<0.95 nM.     

Chemiluminescence assay for uric acid in human serum and urine using flow-injection with immobilized reagents technology

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) flow sensor for the determination of uric acid in human urine and serum has been developed by using controlled-reagent-release technology. The reagents involved in the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction, luminol and periodate, are immobilized on anion-exchange resin packed in a column. After injection of water, chemiluminescence generated by released luminol and periodate in alkaline media is inhibited in presence of uric acid. By measuring the decreased chemiluminescence (CL) intensity the uric acid is sensed. The decreased response is linear in the 5.0-500.0 ng mL(-1) range, with a detection limit of 1.8 ng mL(-1). The flow sensor showed remarkable operational stability and could be easily reused for over 80 h with sampling frequency of 100 h(-1). The proposed sensor was applied to the determination of uric acid in human urine and serum, and monitoring metabolic uric acid in human urine with RSD less than 3.0%.     

胶束微观非均相体系与化学发光能量转移

胶束微观非均相体系能提高化学发光的选择性和灵敏度,并且实验操作方便,因此其在化学发光检测技术中的应用已成为研究热点.胶束增敏化学发光是对激发量子效率,荧光量子效率以及反应的速率综合作用的结果.本文综述了正相和反相胶束体系在能量转移型化学发光体系中的应用,同时阐述了胶束与不同发光体系的相互作用.     

流动注射化学发光检测法的进展

评述近年来流动注射化学发光检测法及生物发光检测法的最新进展。内容涉及各类化学发光反应、生物发光和电致化学发光反应同流主射体系的耦合方式，仪器设计，多种无机、有机、生物大分子、生物活性的药物的分析方法及其在环境、生物医学客生命科学、化学及药物化学中的应用和发展方向。     

鲁米诺-铁氰化钾流动注射化学发光法测定头孢拉定

在碱性介质中,铁氰化钾氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,头孢拉定对该体系有显著的增强作用。基于此并结合流动注射技术建立了测定头孢拉定含量的化学发光新方法。该法线性范围为0.16~160 mg/L,检出限为0.028 mg/L;对80 mg/L的头孢拉定进行平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为0.99%。用本法对胶囊中头孢拉定进行测定,并初步探讨了该化学发光的反应机理。