The Local Gromov–Witten Theory of $${\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1}$$ and Integrable Hierarchies

In this paper we begin the study of the relationship between the local Gromov–Witten theory of Calabi–Yau rank two bundles over the projective line and the theory of integrable hierarchies. We first of all construct explicitly, in a large number of cases, the Hamiltonian dispersionless hierarchies that govern the full-descendent genus zero theory. Our main tool is the application of Dubrovin’s formalism, based on associativity equations, to the known results on the genus zero theory from local mirror symmetry and localization. The hierarchies we find are apparently new, with the exception of the resolved conifold in the equivariantly Calabi–Yau case. For this example the relevant dispersionless system turns out to be related to the long-wave limit of the Ablowitz–Ladik lattice. This identification provides us with a complete procedure to reconstruct the dispersive hierarchy which should conjecturally be related to the higher genus theory of the resolved conifold. We give a complete proof of this conjecture for genus g ≤ 1; our methods are based on establishing, analogously to the case of KdV, a “quasi-triviality” property for the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy at the leading order of the dispersive expansion. We furthermore provide compelling evidence in favour of the resolved conifold/Ablowitz–Ladik correspondence at higher genus by testing it successfully in the primary sector for g = 2.     

Kolmogorov’s Theory of Turbulence and Inviscid Limit of the Navier-Stokes Equations in $${\mathbb {R}^3}$$

We are concerned with the inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes equations to the Euler equations in \mathbb R³{\mathbb {R}^3} . We first observe that a pathwise Kolmogorov hypothesis implies the uniform boundedness of the α ^th -order fractional derivatives of the velocity for some α > 0 in the space variables in L ², which is independent of the viscosity μ > 0. Then it is shown that this key observation yields the L ²-equicontinuity in the time variable and the uniform bound in L ^q , for some q > 2, of the velocity independent of μ > 0. These results lead to the strong convergence of solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations to a solution of the Euler equations in \mathbb R³{\mathbb {R}^3} . We also consider passive scalars coupled to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and, in this case, find the weak-star convergence for the passive scalars with a limit in the form of a Young measure (pdf depending on space and time). Not only do we offer a framework for mathematical existence theories, but also we offer a framework for the interpretation of numerical solutions through the identification of a function space in which convergence should take place, with the bounds that are independent of μ > 0, that is in the high Reynolds number limit.     

$\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}$$\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}}$ Symmetry vs. Hermiticity

The relation between the P\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} T\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}} symmetry and Hermiticity is discussed. In the finite-dimensional linear space, any Hermitian matrix is a special case of P\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} T\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}}-symmetric matrices. Explicit results in 2×2 are shown. The early belief that the P\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}} T\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}}-symmetric quantum mechanics is a generalization of the conventional Hermitian quantum mechanics is confirmed.     

Renormalisation of Φ4-Theory on Non-Commutative $$\mathbb{R}^{4}$$ to All Orders

We present the main ideas and techniques of the proof that the duality-covariant four-dimensional non-commutative ⁴-model is renormalisable to all orders. This includes the reformulation as a dynamical matrix model, the solution of the free theory by orthogonal polynomials as well as the renormalisation byflow equations involving power-counting theorems for ribbon graphs drawn on Riemann surfaces     

The MV formalism for $${\mathrm{IBL}}_\infty $$- and $${\mathrm{BV}}_\infty $$BV∞-algebras

We develop a new formalism for the quantum master equation \(\Delta e^{S/\hbar } = 0\) and the category of \(\mathrm{IBL}_\infty \)-algebras and simplify some homotopical algebra arising in the context of oriented surfaces with boundary. We introduce and study a category of MV-algebras, which, on the one hand, contains such important categories as those of \(\mathrm{IBL}_\infty \)-algebras and \(\mathtt{L}_\infty \)-algebras and, on the other hand, is homotopically trivial, in particular allowing for a simple solution of the quantum master equation. We also present geometric interpretation of our results.     

The CUORICINO 130Te ββ-decay experiment and a new limit on T_{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}}^{0\nu } (\beta \beta )

The CUORICINO ββ-decay detector is an array of 62 TeO2 bolometers; 44 are 5×5×5-cm crystals made with natural tellurium (33.8% ¹³⁰Te). There are 18, 3×3×6-cm crystals, 14 of which are made of natural tellurium, 2 are isotopically enriched to 75% in ¹³⁰Te, and 2 are enriched to 82.3% in ¹²⁸Te. The total mass of ¹³⁰Te is ～ 11 kg. The background rate is 0.23 ± 0.04 counts/keV/kg/yr in the energy interval 2480 to 2600 keV. During the cooling process, some of the wires became disconnected and only 32 of the large and 16 of the smaller crystals could be read out. The data presented here come from 29 of the 5×5×5-cm crystals containing 6.2 kg of ¹³⁰Te. The new limit on the half-life is $T_{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}}^{0\nu } \geqslant 5 \times 10^{23} yr$ , corresponding to an effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino 〈m _ν〉 between 0.42 and 2.05 eV, depending on the nuclear model used to analyze the data.     

$\mathcal {}$-Matrix-valued Wave Packet Frames in L2(ℝd,ℂs×r)$L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d}, \mathbb {C}^{s\times r})$

We study frame properties of a matrix-valued wave packet system in the matrix-valued function space \(L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d}, \mathbb {C}^{s\times r})\), where the lower frame condition is controlled by a bounded linear operator \(\mathcal {K}\) on \(L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d}, \mathbb {C}^{s\times r})\) (lower \(\mathcal {K}\)-frame condition, in short). There are many differences between ordinary frames and \(\mathcal {K}\)-frames. The lower \(\mathcal {K}\)-frame condition for matrix-valued wave packet Bessel sequences in \(L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d},\mathbb {C}^{s\times r})\) in terms of operators; a trace functional associated with a bounded linear operator on \(L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d}, \mathbb {C}^{s\times r})\); and a series associated with a matrix-valued Bessel sequence is presented. It is shown that matrix-valued wave packet frames are stable under small perturbation with respect to wave packet window functions.     

On Essential Self-Adjointness for Magnetic Schrödinger and Pauli Operators on the Unit Disc in $${\mathbb {R}^2}$$

We study the question of magnetic confinement of quantum particles on the unit disk \({\mathbb {D}}\) in \({\mathbb {R}^2}\) , i.e. we wish to achieve confinement solely by means of the growth of the magnetic field \({B(\vec x)}\) near the boundary of the disk. In the spinless case, we show that \({B(\vec x)\ge \frac{\sqrt 3}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{(1-r)^2}-\frac{1}{\sqrt 3}\frac{1}{(1-r)^2\ln \frac{1}{1-r}}}\) , for \({|\vec x|}\) close to 1, insures the confinement provided we assume that the non-radially symmetric part of the magnetic field is not very singular near the boundary. Both constants \({\frac{\sqrt 3}{2}}\) and \({-\frac{1}{\sqrt 3}}\) are optimal. This answers, in this context, an open question from Colin de Verdière and Truc (Ann Inst Fourier 2011, Preprint, arXiv:0903.0803v3). We also derive growth conditions for radially symmetric magnetic fields which lead to confinement of spin 1/2 particles.     

Backbending Phenomena in Even–Even $${}^{\boldsymbol{162{-}172}}$$ Hf Isotopes

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - This study probes the backbending phenomena in even–even $${}^{162{-}172}$$ Hf isotopes. Experimental ground-state rotational energies up to $$J^{\pi}=36^{+}$$...     

Study of $$\text{B}_{\text{s}}^{0}$$ Meson Decays to J/ψΚ+Κ-π+π- Final State

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The decays of $${\text{B}}_{{\text{s}}}^{0}$$ → J/ψΚ+Κ−π+π− are studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated...     

One-pot synthesis of $$\upgamma $$-spiroiminolactones and $$\upgamma $$-dispiroiminolactones using $$\textit{N}{,}{} \textit{N}^{\prime }$$N,N′-disubstituted parabanic acid and thioparabanic acid derivatives

A direct entry and simple process for the synthesis of \(\upgamma \)-spiroiminolactones present in a large number of natural products has been developed. In the first step, the synthesis of parabanic acid derivatives was commenced from the reaction of \(\textit{N}{,}{} \textit{N}^{\prime }\)-disubstituted urea and thiourea with oxalyl chloride, then a three-component reaction was carried out with isocyanides, acetylenic esters, and \(\textit{N}{,}{} \textit{N}^{\prime }\)-disubstituted parabanic acid derivatives. The method allows the construction of a variety of \(\upgamma \)-spiroiminolactone structures in good to high yields starting from readily available precursors. It was found that in the case of \(\textit{N}{,}{} \textit{N}^{\prime }\)-diphenyl thioparabanic acid, additional products of \(\upgamma \)-dispiroiminolactones have been formed due to the higher electrophilicity of \(\upalpha \)-dicarbonyl groups. The structures were fully established using spectroscopic analysis NMR, IR, and Mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of \(\upgamma \)-dispiroiminolactone was confirmed from single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.     

The Decrease of the ESEEM Frequency of $${\text{P}}_{700}^{ + } {\text{A}}_{1}^{ - }$$ Ion-Radical Pair in Photosystem I Embedded in Trehalose Glassy Matrix at Room Temperature can be Explained by Acceleration of Spin–Lattice Relaxation

The main observation in this work is a decrease in the modulation frequency of the primary electron spin-echo decay (ESEEM) of the \({\text{P}}_{ 7 0 0}^{ + }\) cofactor in the reaction center of Photosystem I (PS I) from cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 embedded in dry trehalose matrix as the temperature rises from 150 K to room temperature. From the previous studies of the EPR spectrum shape of this system, it is known that, in dry trehalose matrix at room temperature, the distance between \({\text{P}}_{ 7 0 0}^{ + }\) and \({\text{A}}_{ 1}^{ - }\) spins does not increase compared to the distance measured in glycerol–water solution at cryogenic temperature. From the present ESEEM study, we conclude that the decrease of modulation frequency with rising temperature in trehalose matrix can be fully attributed to the influence of accelerated spin–lattice relaxation of \({\text{A}}_{ 1}^{ - }\). Our calculations show that this requires a decrease in the spin–lattice relaxation time from 3 to 1 μs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a shift in the ESEEM frequency due to the dipole–dipole interaction between the spins is observed that is caused by spin–lattice relaxation. Based on the above-mentioned results, we formulate a model of the protective effect of trehalose matrix on the electron transfer in the reaction center of PS I that is based on different hydrogen-bond networks between trehalose, local water, and protein.     

New Expressions for the Wave Operators of Schrödinger Operators in $${\mathbb{R}^3}$$

We prove new and explicit formulas for the wave operators of Schrödinger operators in \({\mathbb{R}^3}\). These formulas put into light the very special role played by the generator of dilations and validate the topological approach of Levinson’s theorem introduced in a previous publication. Our results hold for general (not spherically symmetric) potentials decaying fast enough at infinity, without any assumption on the absence of eigenvalue or resonance at 0-energy.     

The decays of $$\bar{B}^0$$, $$\bar{B}^0_s$$B¯s0 and $$B^-$$B- into $$\eta _c$$ηc plus a scalar or vector meson

We investigate the decays of \(\bar{B}^0_s\), \(\bar{B}^0\) and \(B^-\) into \(\eta _c\) plus a scalar or vector meson in a theoretical framework by taking into account the dominant process for the weak decay of \(\bar{B}\) meson into \(\eta _c\) and a \(q\bar{q}\) pair. After hadronization of this \(q\bar{q}\) component into pairs of pseudoscalar mesons we obtain certain weights for the pseudoscalar meson-pseudoscalar meson components. In addition, the \(\bar{B}^0\) and \(\bar{B}^0_s\) decays into \(\eta _c\) and \(\rho ^0\), \(K^*\) are evaluated and compared to the \(\eta _c\) and \(\phi \) production. The calculation is based on the postulation that the scalar mesons \(f_0(500)\), \(f_0(980)\) and \(a_0(980)\) are dynamically generated states from the pseudoscalar meson-pseudoscalar meson interactions in S-wave. Up to a global normalization factor, the \(\pi \pi \), \(K \bar{K}\) and \(\pi \eta \) invariant mass distributions for the decays of \(\bar{B}^0_s \rightarrow \eta _c \pi ^+ \pi ^-\), \(\bar{B}^0_s \rightarrow \eta _c K^+ K^-\), \(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow \eta _c \pi ^+ \pi ^-\), \(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow \eta _c K^+ K^-\), \(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow \eta _c \pi ^0 \eta \), \(B^- \rightarrow \eta _c K^0 K^-\) and \(B^- \rightarrow \eta _c \pi ^- \eta \) are predicted. Comparison is made with the limited experimental information available and other theoretical calcualtions. Further comparison of these results with coming LHCb measurements will be very valuable to make progress in our understanding of the nature of the low lying scalar mesons, \(f_0(500), f_0(980)\) and \(a_0(980)\).     

Uniform in N global well-posedness of the time-dependent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov equations in $$\mathbb {R}^{1+1}$$

We prove the global well-posedness of the time-dependent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (TDHFB) equations in \(\mathbb {R}^{1+1}\) with two-body interaction potential of the form \(N^{-1}v_N(x) = N^{\beta -1} v(N^\beta x)\) where \(v\ge 0\) is a sufficiently regular radial function, i.e., \(v \in L^1(\mathbb {R})\cap C^\infty (\mathbb {R})\). In particular, using methods of dispersive PDEs similar to the ones used in Grillakis and Machedon (Commun Partial Differ Equ 42:24–67, 2017), we are able to show for any scaling parameter \(\beta >0\) the TDHFB equations are globally well-posed in some Strichartz-type spaces independent of N, cf. (Bach et al. in The time-dependent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov equations for Bosons, 2016. arXiv:1602.05171).     

Analysis of the vertexes \Xi_{Q}^{*}′QV , \Sigma_{Q}^{*} \Sigma_{Q}^{}V and radiative decays \Xi_{Q}^{*} \rightarrow ′Q \gamma , \Sigma_{Q}^{*} \rightarrow \Sigma_{Q}^{} \gamma

In this article, we study the vertexes $ \Xi_{Q}^{*}$ ′_Q V and $ \Sigma_{Q}^{*}$ $ \Sigma_{Q}^{}$ V with the light-cone QCD sum rules, then assume the vector meson dominance of the intermediate $ \phi$ (1020) , $ \rho$ (770) and $ \omega$ (782) , and calculate the radiative decays $ \Xi_{Q}^{*}$ $ \rightarrow$ ′_Q $ \gamma$ and $ \Sigma_{Q}^{*}$ $ \rightarrow$ $ \Sigma_{Q}^{}$ $ \gamma$ .     

Vibrational states of the Pt(111)–$$ \left( {\sqrt {3} \times \sqrt {3} } \right) $$ R30°–K surface structure

Vibrational spectrum of the ordered Pt(111)–( ?3 ×?3 ) \left( {\sqrt {3} \times \sqrt {3} } \right) R30°–K surface superstructure formed on the platinum surface with adsorption of 1/3 ML potassium is calculated with the use of the interatomic interaction potentials obtained in the strong bond approximation. Relaxation of the surface, dispersion of the surface phonons, local density of vibrational states, and polarization of phonon modes of adatoms and atoms of the substrate are discussed in the work. The theoretical results obtained agree well with the available experimental data.     

Prospects for constrained supersymmetry at $$\sqrt{s}={33}\,\text {TeV} $$ and $$\sqrt{s}={100}\,\text {TeV} $$ proton–proton super-colliders

Successful models of pure gravity mediation (PGM) with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking can be expressed with as few as two free parameters, which can be taken as the gravitino mass and \(\tan \beta \) . These models easily support a 125–126 GeV Higgs mass at the expense of a scalar spectrum in the multi-TeV range and a much lighter wino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. In these models, it is also quite generic that the Higgs mixing mass parameter, \(\mu \) , which is determined by the minimization of the Higgs potential is also in the multi-TeV range. For \(\mu >0\) , the thermal relic density of winos is too small to account for the dark matter. The same is true for \(\mu <0\) unless the gravitino mass is of order 500 TeV. Here, we consider the origin of a multi-TeV \(\mu \) parameter arising from the breakdown of a Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry. A coupling of the PQ-symmetry breaking field, \(P\) , to the MSSM Higgs doublets, naturally leads to a value of \(\mu \sim \langle P \rangle ^2 /M_P \sim {\mathcal O}(100)\) TeV and of the order that is required in PGM models. In this case, axions make up the dark matter or some fraction of the dark matter with the remainder made up from thermal or non-thermal winos. We also provide solutions to the problem of isocurvature fluctuations with axion dark matter in this context.