Dynamic scaling behaviors of the restricted-solid-on-solid model on honeycomb and square-octagon lattice substrates

The dynamic scaling behaviors of the restricted-solid-on-solid (RSOS) model on two new types of substrate, which are honeycomb and square-octagon lattice substrates, are studied by means of Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The growth exponent β and the roughness exponent α defined, respectively, by the surface width via W ~ t ^β and the saturated width via W _sat ~ L ^α , L being the system size, were obtained by a power-counting analysis. Our simulation results show that the Family-Vicsek scaling is still satisfied. However, the structures of the substrates indeed affect the dynamic behavior of the growth model. The values of the roughness exponents fall between regular and fractal lattices. Deeper analysis show that the coordination number of the substrates play an crucial role.     

Zerfallsschemata, β-Matrixelemente und γ-Multipolordnungen für die Übergänge Co56→Fe56 und J131→Xe131

In the decay of Co⁵⁶ the following quantities have been measured:γ-ray intensities,β-γ directional correlation, andβ-(circularly polarizedγ) correlation. The directional correlation anisotropy was found to be, forβ energies above 300 keV,A ₂=0.5±0.4 per cent, corresponding to small or vanishing twice forbidden contributions to the allowed decay. The asymmetry parameterA of theβ-(circularly polarizedγ) correlation was measured to beA=?0.01±0.05 which implies a ratiox between Fermi and Gamow-Teller contributions to the decay ofx=?0.10±0.07, in agreement with the isospin selection rule. In the decay of J¹³¹ the following quantities have been measured: shape of the 606 keVβ-ray group,γ-ray intensities, conversion coefficients, andβ-(circularly polarizedγ) correlations. The measuredK/L ratio of the 364 keVγ-transition,K/L=6.0±0.2, is compatible with the conversion tables of Sliv and Band only. The multipolarities of theγ rays of 364, 637, and 723 keV were deduced. The 606 keVβ-364 keVγ cascade was used as a new calibration standard for analysers of circularly polarizedγ-rays.     

A first-principle study on the phase transition,electronic structure,and mechanical properties of three-phase ZrTi<Subscript>2</Subscript> alloy under high pressure*

We employed density-functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) to investigate the ZrTi₂ alloy, and obtained its structural phase transition,mechanical behavior, Gibbs free energy as a function of pressure, P-V equation of state,electronic and Mulliken population analysis results. The lattice parameters andP-V EOS for α, β and ω phases revealed by ourcalculations are consistent with other experimental and computational values. The elasticconstants obtained suggest that ω-ZrTi₂ and α-ZrTi₂ are mechanically stable, and that β-ZrTi₂ is mechanically unstableat 0 GPa, but becomes more stable with increasing pressure. Our calculated resultsindicate a phase transition sequence of α → ω → β forZrTi₂. Both thebulk modulus B and shear modulus G increase linearly withincreasing pressure for three phases. The G/B values illustrated goodductility of ZrTi₂alloy for three phases, with ω<α<β at0 GPa. The Mulliken population analysis showed that the increment of d electron occupancystabilized the β phase. A low value for B '₀ is the feature of EOS for ZrTi₂ and this softness in the EOS isrepresentative of pressure induced s-d electron transfer.     

Behaviour of some faintK β for elements As(33) to Ru(44)

1. 1.
   It has been shown that the semi-Moseley graphs for theβ ₈,β ₇,β ₆,β ₅,β ₄,β ^?,β ₁₁ ^? andβ ₀ in theK-series for elements over the rangeZ=33 toZ=44 reported byHulubei, Cauchois andManescu become remarkably regular when referred toα ₁ instead ofβ ₁ as the parent line.     
   
   

Classical Dynamics Based on the Minimal Length Uncertainty Principle

In this paper we consider the quadratic modification of the Heisenberg algebra and its classical limit version which we call the β-deformed Poisson bracket for corresponding classical variables. We use the β-deformed Poisson bracket to discuss some physical problems in the β-deformed classical dynamics. Finally, we consider the (α,β)- deformed classical dynamics in which minimal length uncertainty principle is given by \( [ \hat {x} , \hat {p}] = i \hbar (1 + \alpha \hat {x}^{2} + \beta \hat {p}^{2} ) \). For two small parameters α,β, we discuss the free fall of particle and a composite system in a uniform gravitational field.     

Fluctuations and a rigorous uncertainty relation of trigonometric operators of the phase and the number of photons of an electromagnetic field for general quantum superpositions of coherent states

The quantum-statistical properties of states of an electromagnetic field of general superpositions of coherent states of the form of N _α,β(α?+e ^iξ β? are investigated. Formulas for the fluctuations (variances) of Hermitian trigonometric phase field operators ? ≡ côs φ, ? ≡ sîn φ (the so-called “Susskind–Glogower operators”) are found. Expressions for the rigorous uncertainty relations (Cauchy inequalities) for operators of the number of photons and trigonometric phase operators, as well as for operators ? and ?, are found and analyzed. The states of amplitude \({N_{\alpha ,\beta }}\left( {\left| {{{\sqrt {ne} }^{i\varphi }}\rangle + {e^{i\xi }}\left| {{{\sqrt {{n_\beta }e} }^{i\varphi }}\rangle } \right.} \right.} \right)\), φ = φ_α = φ_β, and phase \({N_{\alpha ,\beta }}\left( {\left| {{{\sqrt {ne} }^{i{\varphi _\alpha }}}\rangle + {e^{i\xi }}\left| {{{\sqrt {ne} }^{i{\varphi _\beta }}}\rangle } \right.} \right.} \right)\), n = n _α = n _β, superpositions of coherent states are considered separately. The types of quantum superpositions of meso- and macroscales (n _α, n _β » 1) are found for which the sines and/or cosines of the phase of the field can be measured accurately, since, under certain conditions, the quantum fluctuations of these quantities are close to zero. A simultaneous accurate measurement of cosφ and sinφ is possible for amplitude superpositions, while an accurate measurement of one of these trigonometric phase functions is possible in the case of certain phase superpositions. Amplitude superpositions of coherent states with a vacuum state are quantum states of the field with a “maximum” level of the quantum uncertainty both in the case of a mesoscopic scale and in the case of a macroscopic scale of the field with an average number of photons n _α/β ≈ 0, n _β/α » 1.     

Discretized kinetic theory on scale-free networks

The network of interpersonal connections is one of the possible heterogeneous factors which affect the income distribution emerging from micro-to-macro economic models. In this paper we equip our model discussed in [1, 2] with a network structure. The model is based on a system of n differential equations of the kinetic discretized-Boltzmann kind. The network structure is incorporated in a probabilistic way, through the introduction of a link density P(α) and of correlation coefficients P(β|α), which give the conditioned probability that an individual with α links is connected to one with β links. We study the properties of the equations and give analytical results concerning the existence, normalization and positivity of the solutions. For a fixed network with P(α) = c/α^q, we investigate numerically the dependence of the detailed and marginal equilibrium distributions on the initial conditions and on the exponent q. Our results are compatible with those obtained from the Bouchaud-Mezard model and from agent-based simulations, and provide additional information about the dependence of the individual income on the level of connectivity.     

Squeezing of Relative and Center-of-Orbit Coordinates of a Charged Particle by Step-Wise Variations of a Uniform Magnetic Field with an Arbitrary Linear Vector Potential

We consider a quantum charged particle moving in the xy plane under the action of a time-dependent magnetic field described by means of the linear vector potential A = H(t) [?y(1 + β), x(1 ? β)] /2 with a fixed parameter β. The systems with different values of β are not equivalent for nonstationary magnetic fields due to different structures of induced electric fields, whose lines of force are ellipses for |β| < 1 and hyperbolas for |β| > 1. Using the approximation of the stepwise variation of the magnetic field H(t), we obtain explicit formulas describing the evolution of the principal squeezing in two pairs of noncommuting observables: the coordinates of the center of orbit and relative coordinates with respect to this center. Analysis of these formulas shows that no squeezing can arise for the circular gauge (β = 0). On the other hand, for any nonzero value of β, one can find the regimes of excitations resulting in some degree of squeezing in the both pairs. The maximum degree of squeezing can be obtained for the Landau gauge (|β| = 1) if the magnetic field is switched off and returns to the initial value after some time T, in the limit T → ∞.     

Determination of absoluteK-internal conversion coefficients of some transitions in Ce140 by the internal-external conversion method

The internalK-conversion coefficients of the 331, 431, 815 and 933 keV transitions following the decay of La¹⁴⁰ have been determined absolutely by the method of comparing internal and external conversion lines measured in a double — focusing beta — ray spectrometers. TheK-internal conversion coefficients of the 4+→2+ 487 keV transition in Ce¹⁴⁰ was used to normalize relativeK-electron and gamma-ray intensities for these transitions. The results obtained are:α _K (331)=0.04432±0.00471,α _K (431)=0.28110±0.02913,α _K (815)=0.00396±0.00043,α _K (933)=0.00282±0.00031. Multipolarity assignments based on these values are suggested. The 815 keV transition is found to be pure magnetic dipole character in good agreement with the theoretical values calculated bySliv andBand. The 331 and 933 keV transitions are proved to have magnetic dipole character withE2/M1 equal 0.2852±0.0143 and 0.1750±0.0088 respectively. The 431 keV transition was found to have magnetic octupole character. The results obtained are most consistent with the assignment 2+, 4+, 2+, 3+ and 1+ for the 1597, 2084, 2184, 2410 and 2515 keV levels respectively.     

Spins und γ-Multipolordnungen beim Zerfall Fe59→Co59

In the decay of Fe⁵⁹ the following quantities have been measured:γ-ray intensities, conversion coefficients andβ-(circularly polarizedγ) correlations. The conversion coefficients were found to be: for the 1.10 MeVγ-transition, α_tot.=(1.36±0.10)·10^?4 and for the 1.29 MeVγ-transition, α_tot.=(1.07±0.08)·10^?4. The asymmetry parameterA of the correlationβ(0.27 MeV)?γ(1.29 MeV) were measured to beA= ?0.17±0.10, and forβ(0.46 MeV)?γ(1.10 MeV),A=?0.13±0.04. From these data and publishedγ?γ angular correlation measurements the following spins of Co⁵⁹ levels could be deduced: 1.10 MeV,I=5/2^?; 1.29 MeV,I=5/2^?; and 1.43 MeV,I=3/2^?. The two strongβ-ray groups are pure Gamow-Teller transitions (ΔI=1). The multipolarities of all fiveγ-rays are given.     

Über die mathematische Struktur und eine Klasse strenger Lösungen der Jordanschen erweiterten Gravitationstheorie

Theβ-α. angular correlationW(Θ)=1+a cosΘ+cos² Θ of the decay of Li⁸ was measured for average electron energies ofE _β ≈5 MeV, 11 MeV and 12 MeV. The experiment yields an anisotropyA=(0·0036±0·0011)·E _β (MeV)^?1. This result is in good agreement with the results of the other groups. The measurements were performed in a counting chamber separated from the activation room simultaneously for two sealer positionsΘ=90° and 180°. The result is discussed in terms of the CVC-theory, taking into account the second forbidden Fermi-matrixelements (‖M1‖) and (‖E2‖).     

New promising bulk thermoelectrics: intermetallics,pnictides and chalcogenides

The need of alternative “green” energy sources has recently renewed the interest in thermoelectric (TE) materials, which can directly convert heat to electricity or, conversely, electric current to cooling. The thermoelectric performance of a material can be estimated by the so-called figure of merit, zT = σ α ² T/λ (α the Seebeck coefficient, σ α ² the power factor, σ and λ the electrical and thermal conductivity, respectively), that depends only on the material. In the middle 1990s the “phonon glass and electron crystal” concept was developed, which, together with a better understanding of the parameters that affect zT and the use of new synthesis methods and characterization techniques, has led to the discovery of improved bulk thermoelectric materials that start being implemented in applications. During last decades, special focus has been made on skutterudites, clathrates, half-Heusler alloys, Si_1?x Ge _x-, Bi₂Te_3- and PbTe-based materials. However, many other materials, in particular based on intermetallics, pnictides, chalcogenides, oxides, etc. are now emerging as potential advanced bulk thermoelectrics. Herein we discuss the current understanding in this field, with special emphasis on the strategies to reduce the lattice part of the thermal conductivity and maximize the power factor, and review those new potential thermoelectric bulk materials, in particular based on intermetallics, pnictides and chalcogenides. A final chapter, discussing different shaping techniques leading to bulk materials (eventually from nanostructured TE materials), is also included.     

Measurement of polarization angular coefficients in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis> boson leptonic decays with ATLAS at the LHC

This paper presents the complete set of polarization angular coefficients A _0?7 describing lepton angular distributions in Z boson decay, which were measured at the ATLAS experiment in proton–proton collisions with the energy √s = 8 TeV. Theoretical values for the difference A ₀ ? A ₂ calculated in the fixed-order QCD perturbation theory O(α _s ² ), demonstrate significant deviation from the measured data, which indicates the necessity of taking into account higher order corrections. The evidence of nonzero coefficients A _5,6,7 was obtained for the first time, in accordance with theoretical calculations in O(α _s ² ) approximation. Measurement of the polarization angular coefficients A _i is important for subsequent precision measurement of parameters of the electroweak model at the LHC, such as the sine of Weinberg electroweak mixing angle sin² θ _W and the W boson mass.     

On the Negative Spectrum of the Two-Dimensional Schrödinger Operator with Radial Potential

For a two-dimensional Schrödinger operator H _{α V}  = ?Δ ?αV with the radial potential V(x) = F(|x|), F(r) ≥ 0, we study the behavior of the number N _?(H _{α V} ) of its negative eigenvalues, as the coupling parameter α tends to infinity. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the semi-classical growth N _?(H _{α V} ) = O(α) and for the validity of the Weyl asymptotic law.     

The effect of sine-Wiener noises on transition in a genotype selection model with time delays

A genotype selection system interplay with sine-Wiener noises and time delays isinvestigated. Stationary probability distribution function is obtained by numericalsimulations. Results show that the multiplicative bounded noise can facilitate the geneseparation, while the additive bounded noise suppresses the gene separation. Besides,local time delays α and β, being in gene transformation and gene heredityprogress respectively, play opposite roles in the gene selection process. What is moreinteresting is that there is no transition during the process of gene select when timedelays α =β (i.e., the system is subjected to global timedelay).     

Scaling and complex avalanche dynamics in the Abelian sandpile model

We study the two-dimensional Abelian Sandpile Model on a squarelattice of linear size L. We introduce the notion of avalanche’sfine structure and compare the behavior of avalanches and waves oftoppling. We show that according to the degree of complexity inthe fine structure of avalanches, which is a direct consequence ofthe intricate superposition of the boundaries of successive waves,avalanches fall into two different categories. We propose scalingansätz for these avalanche types and verify them numerically.We find that while the first type of avalanches (α) has a simplescaling behavior, the second complex type (β) is characterized by anavalanche-size dependent scaling exponent. In particular, we define an exponent γto characterize the conditional probability distribution functions for these typesof avalanches and show that γ _α = 0.42, while 0.7 ≤ γ _β ≤ 1.0depending on the avalanche size. This distinction provides aframework within which one can understand the lack of aconsistent scaling behavior in this model, and directly addresses thelong-standing puzzle of finite-size scaling in the Abelian sandpile model.     

Beta-decay strength measurement,total beta-decay energy determination,and dcay-scheme completeness testing by total absorption <Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>-ray spectroscopy

Applications of total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy and its combination with high-resolution nuclear spectroscopy methods for measurements of a β-decay strength function S _β (E), determination of the total β-decay energy Q _β , and testing of decay-scheme completeness are presented.     

Obliquely Propagating Electron Acoustic Shock Waves in Magnetized Plasma

Obliquely propagating electron acoustic shock waves in plasma with stationary ions, cold and superthermal hot electrons are investigated in magnetized plasma. Employing reductive perturbation method, Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation (KdVB) is derived in the small amplitude approximation limit. The analytical and numerical calculations of the KdVB equation show the variation of shock waves structure (amplitude, velocity, and width) with different plasma parameters. Particle density (α), superthermal parameter (κ), electron temperature ratio (??), kinetic viscosity (η₀), obliqueness (k_z), and strength of magnetic field (ω_c) significantly modify the properties of the shock waves structures. The present investigation is useful to understand dissipative structures observed in space or laboratory plasma where multielectrons population with superthermal electrons are prevalent.     

Dasβ-Spektrum des Cs137

Theβ-ray spectrum of Cs¹³⁷ has been measured with an iron-free spectrometer. The energy of the soft component was found to beE ₀=514±2 keV. The parameterk of the hard-component shape factorC _2VA ⁽²⁾ (W)=q ²+kp ² was determined to bek=0.015±0.004. Theβ intensities amount to 6.5% (hard component) and 93.5% (soft component). TheK conversion coefficient of the isomeric transition was measured to beα _K=0.093±0.003, in excellent agreement withSliv's theoretical value.