低温气液两相流数值计算

低温工质两相流动在很多场合都存在,研究深冷剂在两相流动时参数的分布有着很重要的作用.文中采用一维均相流模型对液氮循环流动过程进行稳态数值模拟,得到了循环流动过程中液氮含汽率、压力和温度沿管程方向的分布情况,并对由于不同回路条件引起的不同结果进行了分析.     

External Stimuli on Neural Networks: Analytical and Numerical Approaches

Based on the behavior of living beings, which react mostly to external stimuli, we introduce a neural-network model that uses external patterns as a fundamental tool for the process of recognition. In this proposal, external stimuli appear as an additional field, and basins of attraction, representing memories, arise in accordance with this new field. This is in contrast to the more-common attractor neural networks, where memories are attractors inside well-defined basins of attraction. We show that this procedure considerably increases the storage capabilities of the neural network; this property is illustrated by the standard Hopfield model, which reveals that the recognition capacity of our model may be enlarged, typically, by a factor 102. The primary challenge here consists in calibrating the influence of the external stimulus, in order to attenuate the noise generated by memories that are not correlated with the external pattern. The system is analyzed primarily through numerical simulations. However, since there is the possibility of performing analytical calculations for the Hopfield model, the agreement between these two approaches can be tested—matching results are indicated in some cases. We also show that the present proposal exhibits a crucial attribute of living beings, which concerns their ability to react promptly to changes in the external environment. Additionally, we illustrate that this new approach may significantly enlarge the recognition capacity of neural networks in various situations; with correlated and non-correlated memories, as well as diluted, symmetric, or asymmetric interactions (synapses). This demonstrates that it can be implemented easily on a wide diversity of models.     

A Numerical Method on Eulerian Grids for Two-Phase Compressible Flow

We develop a numerical method to simulate a two-phase compressible flow with sharp phase interface on Eulerian grids. The scheme makes use of a level set to depict the phase interface numerically. The overall scheme is basically a finite volume scheme. By approximately solving a two-phase Riemann problem on the phase interface, the normal phase interface velocity and the pressure are obtained, which is used to update the phase interface and calculate the numerical flux between the flows of two different phases. We adopt an aggregation algorithm to build cell patches around the phase interface to remove the numerical instability due to the breakdown of the CFL constraint by the cell fragments given by the phase interface depicted using the level set function. The proposed scheme can handle problems with tangential sliping on the phase interface, topological change of the phase interface and extreme contrast in material parameters in a natural way. Though the perfect conservation of the mass, momentum and energy in global is not achieved, it can be quantitatively identified in what extent the global conservation is spoiled. Some numerical examples are presented to validate the numerical method developed.     

变燃速发射药两相流内弹道模型及数值模拟

 为了更好地描述变燃速发射药的膛内燃烧及内弹道过程,对中心开孔式双层结构的变燃速发射药建立了一维两相流内弹道数学模型,在Φ30 mm火炮装填条件下采用二阶精度的Lax-Wendroff差分格式进行计算,得到了数值解。计算结果表明：膛内压力和炮口初速度变化曲线的计算值与实测值符合较好,说明此两相流内弹道模型可以准确地反映变燃速发射药的内弹道过程;变燃速发射药可以有效地减少膛内压力波的产生,对于安全射击具有重要意义。通过对气、固相速度及膛内压力波等计算参数进行分析,可以对变燃速发射药的内弹道过程研究起指导作用。     

Numerical Study on the Coagulation and Breakage of Nanoparticles in the Two-Phase Flow around Cylinders

The Reynolds averaged N-S equation and dynamic equation for nanoparticles are numerically solved in the two-phase flow around cylinders, and the distributions of the concentration M₀ and geometric mean diameter d_g of particles are given. Some of the results are validated by comparing with previous results. The effects of particle coagulation and breakage and the initial particle concentration m₀₀ and size d₀ on the particle distribution are analyzed. The results show that for the flow around a single cylinder, M₀ is reduced along the flow direction. Placing a cylinder in a uniform flow will promote particle breakage. For the flow around multiple cylinders, the values of M₀ behind the cylinders oscillate along the spanwise direction, and the wake region in the flow direction is shorter than that for the flow around a single cylinder. For the initial monodisperse particles, the values of d_g increase along the flow direction and the effect of particle coagulation is larger than that of particle breakage. The values of d_g fluctuate along the spanwise direction; the closer to the cylinders, the more frequent the fluctuations of d_g values. For the initial polydisperse particles with d₀ = 98 nm and geometric standard deviation σ = 1.65, the variations of d_g values along the flow and spanwise directions show the same trend as for the initial monodisperse particles, although the differences are that the values of d_g are almost the same for the cases with and without considering particle breakage, while the distribution of d_g along the spanwise direction is flatter in the case with initial polydisperse particles.     

二维非均匀多孔介质中不可压两相驱替的有限分析算法

为提高油藏数值模拟算法的计算效率,在求解单向稳态渗流的有限分析算法基础上,构建二维非均匀多孔介质中不可压两相渗流的有限分析算法.算法中,网格界面上的平均渗透率不是简单地取为相邻网格渗透率的调和平均值,而是通过奇点邻域解析解积分求得.相比于传统的数值算法,有限分析算法随着网格的加密,能够很快地收敛(仅需将原始网格细分至2×2或3×3),并且其计算精度和收敛性不依赖于介质的非均匀强度,从而计算效率得到提高.     

An Ideal-Fluid Flow through a Stationary Granular Layer in the Presence of a Flat Wall

Doklady Physics - The problem of the flow of an ideal incompressible fluid is considered along a flat surface, perpendicular to which a stationary granular layer is located. The granular-layer...     

Critical Comparison of MaxCal and Other Stochastic Modeling Approaches in Analysis of Gene Networks

Learning the underlying details of a gene network with feedback is critical in designing new synthetic circuits. Yet, quantitative characterization of these circuits remains limited. This is due to the fact that experiments can only measure partial information from which the details of the circuit must be inferred. One potentially useful avenue is to harness hidden information from single-cell stochastic gene expression time trajectories measured for long periods of time—recorded at frequent intervals—over multiple cells. This raises the feasibility vs. accuracy dilemma while deciding between different models of mining these stochastic trajectories. We demonstrate that inference based on the Maximum Caliber (MaxCal) principle is the method of choice by critically evaluating its computational efficiency and accuracy against two other typical modeling approaches: (i) a detailed model (DM) with explicit consideration of multiple molecules including protein-promoter interaction, and (ii) a coarse-grain model (CGM) using Hill type functions to model feedback. MaxCal provides a reasonably accurate model while being significantly more computationally efficient than DM and CGM. Furthermore, MaxCal requires minimal assumptions since it is a top-down approach and allows systematic model improvement by including constraints of higher order, in contrast to traditional bottom-up approaches that require more parameters or ad hoc assumptions. Thus, based on efficiency, accuracy, and ability to build minimal models, we propose MaxCal as a superior alternative to traditional approaches (DM, CGM) when inferring underlying details of gene circuits with feedback from limited data.     

不同翅片单元外颗粒流换热特性的数值研究

由于成本低,运行稳定,重力驱动移动床在高温固体散料余热回收领域应用潜力较大.然而,相关强化传热技术目前仍待完善.本文基于离散单元法,对颗粒流外掠翅片单元的流动换热特性进行了数值研究.研究表明:通过翅片增加换热面,可以显著提高传热量,但不同翅片单元外颗粒流传热特性不同.颗粒流与不同表面的换热,由颗粒更新、颗粒接触、颗粒竞...     

边界层流动中湍斑的直接数值模拟

用Navier-Stokes方程直接数值模拟平板边界层流动中湍斑的形成和演化过程.发展了模拟湍斑的高精度、高分辨率的高效计算方法,包括推出四阶时间分裂法以提高精度;提出三维耦合差分方法,用于关于压力的泊松方程和关于速度的亥姆霍兹方程的空间离散,建立其四阶三维耦合中心差分格式;并采用四阶紧致迎风差分格式,避免了一般四阶中心差分格式不适用于边界邻域的困难和提高了分辨率;精心地处理各种边界条件,以保持精度和稳定.该方法适用于包含边界邻域的整个区域内的湍斑模拟.通过模拟平板边界层流动中湍斑的复杂演化过程,显示了湍斑的基本特征.     

基于涡流发生器的风洞试验段附面层控制数值模拟

沿试验段侧壁发展的附面层是影响飞行器半模型实验数据精准度的主要因素之一.利用数值模拟方法验证了涡流发生器减小附面层影响的可行性,重点分析了安装角度、结构尺寸、安装位置及个数等设计参数对附面层内速度分布的影响规律,对涡流发生器尾涡强度以及沿流向的发展规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,涡流发生器产生的尾涡能够有效改善附面层内的速度分布,进而减小附面层厚度,降低附面层影响;涡流发生器的后缘应略高于当地附面层厚度,安装角度、位置、个数等参数必须合理设计以减小涡流发生器对试验段主气流的影响.基于计算结果初步设计了可用于2.4 m跨声速风洞半模试验段的涡流发生器,在亚声速范围内能够减小模型区侧壁附面层厚度66%左右,对核心流Mach数影响小于0.003,为涡流发生器的实际应用提供了依据.      

气固两相流中流型和电荷分布的可视化研究

提出了一种非侵入式同时测量气固两相流型和电荷分布的可视化测试方法。数值仿真结果表明,ECT提供的介电常数分布信息可用于修正实际流型下的EST电荷灵敏场,降低了电荷分布反演的不确定性,EST的图像重建误差有所减小,有效的提高了电荷分布反演的精度。将该测试方法分别应用于粉体重力输送系统和高压密相气力输送系统,结果表明重力输送试验中颗粒浓度大的区域电荷密度值较大,而在气力输送试验中,颗粒浓度大的区域,电荷密度值反而较小,且随着管内煤粉颗粒浓度的增加,粉体总的电荷强度值减小。     

Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon Occurring in Granular Matter

We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations.Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state.A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature.It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure,which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition.Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances,respectively,and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances.     

Numerical Prediction of Two-Phase Flow through a Tube Bundle Based on Reduced-Order Model and a Void Fraction Correlation

Predicting the void fraction of a two-phase flow outside of tubes is essential to evaluate the thermohydraulic behaviour in steam generators. Indeed, it determines two-phase mixture properties and affects two-phase mixture velocity, which enable evaluating the pressure drop of the system. The two-fluid model for the numerical simulation of two-phase flows requires interaction laws between phases which are not known and/or reliable for a flow within a tube bundle. Therefore, the mixture model, for which it is easier to implement suitable correlations for tube bundles, is used. Indeed, by expressing the relative velocity as a function of slip, the void fraction model of Feenstra et al. and Hibiki et al. developed for upward cross-flow through horizontal tube bundles is introduced and compared. With the method suggested in this paper, the physical phenomena that occur in tube bundles are taken into consideration. Moreover, the tube bundle is modelled using a porous media approach where the Darcy–Forchheimer term is usually defined by correlations found in the literature. However, for some tube bundle geometries, these correlations are not available. The second goal of the paper is to quickly compute, in quasi-real-time, this term by a non-intrusive parametric reduced model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. This method, named Bi-CITSGM (Bi-Calibrated Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold), consists in interpolating the spatial and temporal bases by ITSGM (Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold) in order to define the solution for a new parameter. The two developed methods are validated based on the experimental results obtained by Dowlati et al. for a two-phase cross-flow through a horizontal tube bundle.     

Numerical Investigation on Inviscid Instability of Streaky Structures in Incompressible Boundary Layer Flow

Numerical investigation is made on the effect of streaky structures in transition by inviscid linear disturbance equation with temporal mode. Several disturbances with different streamwise wave numbers were induced, and the evolutions with time step were received. It suggests that the exponential growth and periodic variation of the waves are in existence. As the streamwise wave number increases, the disturbance growth rate begins by increasing, reaches a maximum at around α=0.4 with a disturbance frequency of 0.2186 ＋ 0.001457i, and then decreases. Furthermore, the eigenfunctions of pressure disturbance are plotted.     

Analysis of Two-Phase Cavitating Flow with Two-Fluid Model Using Integrated Boltzmann Equations

In the present work, both computational and experimental methods are employed to study the two-phase flow occurring in a model pump sump. The two-fluid model of the two-phase flow has been applied to the simulation of the three-dimensional cavitating flow. The governing equations of the two-phase cavitating flow are derived from the kinetic theory based on the Boltzmann equation. The isotropic RNG$k-\epsilon-k_{ca}$ turbulence model of two-phase flows in the form of cavity number instead of the form of cavity phase volume fraction is developed. The RNG $k-\epsilon-k_{ca}$ turbulence model, that is the RNG$k-\epsilon$ turbulence model for the liquid phase combined with the $k_{ca}$model for the cavity phase, is employed to close the governing turbulent equations of the two-phase flow. The computation of the cavitating flow through a model pump sump has been carried out with this model in three-dimensional spaces. The calculated results have been compared with the data of the PIV experiment. Good qualitative agreement has been achieved which exhibits the reliability of the numerical simulation model.     

Stationary Flow Past a Semi-Infinite Flat Plate: Analytical and Numerical Evidence for a Symmetry-Breaking Solution

We consider the question of the existence of stationary solutions for the Navier Stokes equations describing the flow of a incompressible fluid past a semi-infinite flat plate at zero incidence angle. By using ideas from the theory of dynamical systems we analyze the vorticity equation for this problem and show that a symmetry-breaking term fits naturally into the downstream asymptotic expansion of a solution. Finally, in order to check that our asymptotic expressions can be completed to a symmetry-breaking solution of the Navier–Stokes equations we solve the problem numerically by using our asymptotic results to prescribe artificial boundary conditions for a sequence of truncated domains. The results of these numerical computations a clearly compatible with the existence of such a solution. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 76D05, 76D25, 76M10, 41A60, 35Q35 Supported in part by the Fonds National Suisse.     

New Semiclassical and Numerical Approaches to Locate Zeros of Wave Functions

A new semiclassical method is presented for evaluating zeros of wave functions. In this method, locating zeros of the wave functions of Schrodinger equation is converted to finding roots of a polynomial. The coefficients of this polynomial are evaluated using WKB and semi quantum action variable methods. For certain potentials WKB expressions for moments are obtained exactly. Almost explicit formulae for moments are obtained for the potential V(x)=x^N. Examples are given to illustrate both methods. Using semi quantum action variable method, complex zeros of the wave functions of the PT symmetric complex system V(x)=x^4 iAx are obtained. These zeros exhibit complex version of in terlacing.