Radiation Heat Waves in Gold Plasma

Eight beams 0.35μm laser with pulse duration of about 1.0ns and energy of 260J per beam was injected into a cylindrical cavity to generate intense x-ray radiation on the “Shengguang Ⅱ“ high power laser facility.Gold foils with a thickness in the range of 0.09-0.52μm were attached on the diagnostic hole of the cavity and ablated by the intense x-ray radiation.The propagating radiation heat wave in the high-Z gold plasma was observed clearly.For comparison,we also simulated the experimental results.     

Heat Transfe for Power Law Non-Newtonian Fluids

We present a theoretical analysis for heat transfer in power law non-Newtonian fluid by assuming that the thermal diffusivity is a function of temperature gradient. The laminar boundary layer energy equation is considered as an example to illustrate the application. It is shown that the boundary layer energy equation subject to the corresponding boundary conditions can be transformed to a boundary value problem of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation when similarity variables are introduced. Numerical solutions of the similarity energy equation are presented.     

Analysis of Heat Transfer Phenomenon in Magnetohydrodynamic Casson Fluid Flow Through Cattaneo–Christov Heat Diffusion Theory

Heat transport phenomenon of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow by employing Cattaneo–Christov heat diffusion theory is described in this work. The term of heat absorption/generation is incorporated in the mathematical modeling of present flow problem. The governing mathematical expressions are solved for velocity and temperature profiles using RKF 45 method along with shooting technique. The importance of arising nonlinear quantities namely velocity, temperature, skin-friction and temperature gradient are elaborated via plots. It is explored that the Casson parameter retarded the liquid velocity while it enhances the fluid temperature. Further, we noted that temperature and thickness of temperature boundary layer are weaker in case of Cattaneo–Christov heat diffusion model when matched with the profiles obtained for Fourier's theory of heat flux.     

Anomalous Heat Conduction in One-Dimensional Dimerized Lattices

The process of heat conduction in one-dimensional dimerized systems is studied by means of numerical simulation. Taking into account the difference between the strong bond and the weak one of the systems, our calculation indicates that heat conduction in the lattice is anomalous. For the typical parameter related to a real physical system, the divergent exponent is shown to be in agreement with that predicted by the mode-coupling theory. Moreover, our study shows that the homogeneous chain is the best thermal conductor.     

Calculation of Specific Heat for Aluminium Thin Films

We employ Prasher＇s non-dimensional form to analyse the size effects on specific heat of Al thin films. Compared the calculation results of pure aluminium film with the experimental data, it is found that the reduction of phonon states is not the main reason of the size effect on the specific heat Al thin films with thickness from lOnm to 37Onm. However, the Al thin film in air usually has an oxidation layer and the specific heat of the layer is smaller than Al. By including the contribution of the oxidation layer to the thin-film specific heat, the calculation results are much closer to the experimental data. This may be a possible reason of the size effects on specific heat of Al thin films.     

Adaptive Radiative Thermal Camouflage via Synchronous Heat Conduction

The advent of transformation thermotics has seen a boom in development of thermal metamaterials with a variety of thermal functionalities,including phenomena such as thermal cloaking and camouflage.However,most thermal metamaterials-based camouflage devices only tune in-plane heat conduction,which may fail to conceal a target from out-of-plane detection.We propose an adaptive radiative thermal camouflage via tuning out-ofplane transient heat conduction,and it is validated by both simulation and experiment.The physics underlying the performance of our adaptive thermal camouflage is based on real-time synchronous heat conduction through the camouflage device and the background plate,respectively.The proposed concept and device represent a promising new approach to fabrication of conductive thermal metamaterials,providing a feasible and effective way to achieve adaptive thermal camouflage.     

Study on Laser Heat Treatment of Cemented Carbide

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Investigation of a Microcalorimeter for Thin-Film Heat Capacity Measurement

A microcalorimeter is studied for testing heat capacity of thin films. The microcalorimeter is a suspended membrane supported by six microbridges, which is fabricated by the front-side surface micromachining. Compared to the bulk micro-machined one, the microcalorimeter has excellent mechanical strength and precisely controlled pattern size as well as good thermal characteristics that are essential to a microcalorimeter. The heating rate of the microcalorimeter is up to 2 × 10^5Kis with 4.5mW heating power in vacuum, and the heat capacity of the corresponding empty microcalorimeter is about 23.4nJ/K at 30OK. By a pulse calorimetry, the heat capacity of A1 thin films with thickness of 40-1150nm are measured in the temperature range from 300K to 420K in vacuum. The mass of each sample is evaluated and the specific heat capacity is calculated. The results show that specific heat capacity of the 1150-nm A1 film agrees well with the data of bulk A1 reported in the literature. For the thinner films, enhanced heat capacity is observed.     

Linear Stability of Taylor-Couette Flows with Axial Heat Buoyancy

The linear stability is studied of flows confined between two concentric cylinders, in which the radial temperature gradient and axial gravity are considered for an incompressible Newtonian fluid. Numerical method based on the Petrov-Galerkin scheme is developed to deal with the buoyancy term in momentum equations and an additional temperature perturbation equation. Computations of the neutral stability curves are performed for different rotation cases. It is found that the flow instability is influenced by both centrifugal and axial shear instabilities, and the two instability mechanisms interact with each other. The outer cylinder rotation plays dual roles of stabilizer and destabilizer under different rotating stages with the inner cylinder at rest. For the heat buoyancyinduced axial flow, spiral structures are found in the instability modes.     

Heat Conduction and Characteristic Size of Fractal Porous Media

Based on fractal theory, two types of random Sierpinski carpets （RSCs） and their periodic structures are generated to model the structures of natural porous media, and the heat conduction in these structures is simulated by the finite volume method. The calculated results indicate that in a certain range of length scales, the size and spatial arrangement of pores have significant influence on the effective thermal conductivity, and the heat conduction presents the aeolotropic characteristic. Above the length scale, however, the influence of size and spatial arrangement of pores on the effective thermal conductivity reduces gradually with the increasing characteristic size of porous media, the aeolotropic characteristic is weakened gradually. It is concluded that the periodicity in structures of porous media is not equal to the periodicity in heat conduction.     

Heat pumps in industrial processes—An optimization methodology

The optimal integration of heat pumps in industrial processes has not yet been fully understood. In this paper an optimization methodology and a method which uses the composite curves as a guideline to the correct choice of heat pump type are outlined. The selection is done by matching the shape of the composite curves against the specific characteristics of several heat pump types. Furthermore, a methodology for the optimization of the most important parameters in a heat pump system is presented. In the optimization methodology the annual cost is minimized by varying heat source and heat sink temperatures, the heat pump size and the stream or streams to be utilized as heat source and heat sink.To reveal the potential for electrically driven compression heat pumps two different examples were studied with the methodology. The first example had close composite curves and was thought to be a poor heat pump candidate. The second one had open composite curves and was thought to be a promising example. The results showed that for both examples, heat pump installations were advantageous under good economic conditions for the heat pump, i.e. low electricity price, high fuel price and low investment costs. Also reasonable payback periods were achieved. With more unfavourable conditions the payback period increased, and in extreme cases a heat pump was no longer a better alternative than pure heat exchange. This decline in potential for heat pumping was much less in the example with open composite curves than in the example with closed ones. However, the conclusion to be drawn is that there exists today a potential for heat pumps in industrial processes.     

Heat Transport Behaviour in One-Dimensional Lattice Models with Damping

We investigate the heat transport behaviours of two typical lattice models, the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-β model and the Ф^4 lattice model, in the presence of damping which imitates the effect of the thermal radiation and the thermal diffusion to the surroundings through the sample boundary. It is found that the damping does not affect the thermal conductivity, but can change the heat nux dumped into the lattice chain. We also discuss possible applications under the heuristic guidance of our numerical results. In particular, we suggest a way to measure the thermal conductivity experimentally in the presence of large energy loss arisen from the radiation and the diffusion.     

Heat Flux Boundary Conditions for a Lattice Boltzmann Equation Model

A method simplifying the external force term for the Boltzmann equation is proposed,using the Chapman-Enskog asymptotic expansion technique.The relationship between the perturbation strength parameter and the Grashof number is presented.A heat flux boundary condition for the temperature field simulation is developed according to the transforming ralations between the cold and hot particles on the boundary wall.The effects of buoyant force and the heat flux boundary condition are implemented with the two-particle systems of D2Q9 and D3Q15,and the numerical results agree well with the experimental result of silicone oil.     

Heat Transfer Analysis on Laser-tissue Thermal Interaction Using Heterogeneous Model

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Level Statistics and Specific Heat of Metallic Nano—Particles

The thermodynamic properties of an ensemble of metallic nano-particles are affected by the level distribution and the level correlation between the discrete electronic energy levels.We numerically calculate the specific heat of metallic nano-particles in the canonical ensemble with an odd or even number of electrons by considering the effects of the level distribution and the level correlation.The behaviour of the specific heat at low and high temperatures,compared with the average nearest-neighbour level spacing,is also investigated.     

Heat Transfer in Gas–Liquid Flows Through Wire-Mesh Packing

This article presents the research on the air–water system flowing in a pipe section with electrical heating with a wire-mesh bed inside it. The heat flux was determined and so was the convective heat transfer coefficient for the two-phase flow through a pipe length that had been completely or partially filled with the wire-mesh packing. The packing level was found to strongly affect the heat transfer potential. Also, the dominant role was identified for a liquid in the heat exchange process under two-phase gas–liquid flow through the wire-mesh packing.     

Specific Heat Properties of Proton Transfer in Hydrogen Bonded Systems

The thermodynamic properties of proton transport along hydrogen-bonded systems at finite temperatures have been studied by our model. We first derive the dynamic equations of the proton transport and find the solutions and the free energy of the systems. Finally, we obtain the specific heats of the hydrogen bonded systems, resulting from the motion of the soliton, by using transfer integral way. The theoretical value is basically consistent with the experimental data.     

Heat Conductivity of One-Dimensional Carbon Chain in an External Potential

The heat transport m a one-dimensional （ID） carbon nanowire （CNW） lying in an external potential with different amplitudes and periods is studied by the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. It is found that the thermal conductivity of CNW is always anomalous, increasing with the CNW length and obeying the power law k- N, in which a decreases with the increasing external potential amplitude. The thermal conductivity could be enhanced by the external potential with rather larger amplitudes, which means that an applied external potential could be an efficient tool to improve the heat conductivity of a real 1D material In addition, the effect of different periods of the external potential is studied, finding the external potential with an incommensurate period leads to the smaller a value.     

Modulation of Steady-State Heat Transport in a Dissipative Multi-Mode Qubit-Photon System

Quantum heat transport is considered as an indispensable branch of quantum thermodynamics to potentially improve performance of thermodynamic devices. We theoretically propose a dissipative qubit-photon system composed of multiple coupled resonators interacting with a single two-level qubit, to explore the steady-state heat transport by tuning both the inter-resonator photon hopping and the qubit-photon coupling. Specifically in the three-mode case, the dramatic enhancement and suppression of th...