苯甲醛衍生物的结构与其半波电位关系的研究

以半经验分子轨道方法计算苯甲醛衍生物的分子结构参数，以多元线性回归方法研究了苯甲醛衍生物的半波电位与其分子结构参数间的关系。研究发现，在所选择的２３个分子结构参数中，基态双中心总能量（ＥＴ（ｔｗｏ）、电离势（Ｉｐ）及分子的生成热（Ｈｆ）与其半波电位有较好的相关性。其回归方程为：ｙ＝－５．４２３２＋０．５４７７８Ｉｐ－３．３３１＊１０＾－３Ｅｔ（ｔｗｏ）－１．６７０＊１０＾－３Ｈｆ（ｒＲＣ＝０．９２     

苯胺衍生物式电位的QSAR研究

以AM1量子化学半经验分子轨道方法计算22个苯胺衍生物的分子结构参数,用多元线性回归的方法研究了13个式电位已知的苯胺衍生物的氧化式电位与其分子结构参数之间的关系.苯胺衍生物式电位与离子化电势(Ip),N原子上的净电荷(e(N),总的偶极矩(μt)和第四个碳上的净电荷(e(C4))有很好的相关性,回归方程为:E0′=-7.820 5 0.884 9(Ip-3.739(e(N)-0.093 56μt 0.925 1(e(C4)),(R=0.979,SD为0.023 6).依据回归方程合理地预测了其余9个苯胺衍生物的离子化电势和式电位,探讨了取代基性质和取代位置对离子化电势和式电位的影响.     

吲哚酚显色底物的合成及其在微生物检测中的应用研究进展

吲哚酚显色底物是由作为产色原的吲哚酚或其取代物与酶底物间接缩合而成,其合成主要包括中间体乙酸1-乙酰基-吲哚-3-基酯的合成及其与酶底物的衍生物缩合两部分。中间体可以通过以取代苯胺、邻氨基苯甲酸、邻氯苯甲酸等为起始物合成,而其再与酶底物的衍生物如乙酰溴代糖、酰卤、三氯氧磷、氯磺酸等反应可得到相应的各种显色底物。吲哚酚显色底物应用于微生物检测,依据特异性酶与相应底物的特异性反应,一般通过显色培养基技术来实现,不同的显色底物针对的酶及其应用于检测的微生物会有所不同。     

EHMO和模式识别法研究芬太尼衍生物的构效关系

自Hansch等创立QSAR法以来,药物构效关系的研究已获得较大的进展。本文将模式识别法用于芬太尼衍生物构效关系的研究,将该类药物的分子结构看作与生物活性具有对应关系的表现形式——模式,以药物分子结构中有关取代基的多个量子化学参数为数量化的模式向量成分。将已知生物活性的药物作为模式识别训练点,则所得模式识别分类图反映了该类药物的生物活性与其量子化学结构特征参数间的统计学意义的关系。它既可用来探寻高效药物的结构参数,又能预测新设计药物生物活性的等级或类别。     

二芳基甲烷衍生物保留因子与分离因子的神经网络理论研究

为了研究手性二芳基甲烷衍生物的保留因子和分离因子,基于分子结构及邻接矩阵,计算了63个手性二芳基甲烷衍生物的分子连接性指数和电性拓扑状态指数。建立了这些分子保留因子、分离因子与优化得到的结构指数之间的相关性模型,并将筛选的结构参数作为BP神经网络的输入层变量,采用不同的网络结构,获得了令人较为满意的三个预测模型,模型的总相关系数R分别为0.981、0.972和0.992。利用模型计算得到的保留因子和分离因子预测值与实验值的平均误差分别为0.041、0.042和0.010,吻合度较好。结果表明手性二芳基甲烷衍生物的保留因子及分离因子与分子结构参数之间有良好的非线性关系。     

3-取代-4-氧-3H-咪唑并[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸衍生物抗癌活性的构效关系

采用量子化学和分子力学方法研究3-取代-4-氧-3H-咪唑并[5,1-d] [1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸衍生物分子结构与抗癌活性的关系.结果表明,3-取代-4-氧-3H-咪唑并[5,1-d] [1,2,3,5]四嗪-8-羧酸衍生物抗癌活性与分子疏水性参数logP、8位取代基R1上的净电荷等因素有关,可通过向8位引入带正电荷取代基的办法来提高先导化合物的抗癌活性.     

DNA与目标分子相互作用的预测性研究

以量化的分子结构参数和实验结果为依据, 运用模式识别技术、多元线性回归和人工神经网络研究了目标分子与DNA相互作用的主要影响因素, 建立了准确性较高的2个键合常数预测模型和1个作用模式预测模型. 初次量化的分子结构参数有21种, 经过筛选发现其中的10种参数对相互作用有显著影响. 研究结果可为抗癌药物的分子设计和筛选提供有价值的信息.     

蛋氨酸衍生物缓蚀剂的合成与性能研究

以蛋氨酸为基础通过酰胺化反应合成一种新型的蛋氨酸衍生物缓蚀剂,应用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱图研究蛋氨酸及其衍生物在3(wt)%Na Cl溶液中对N80碳钢的缓蚀作用,利用SEM观察添加缓蚀剂过后钢片表面的腐蚀形貌,并从分子结构上探讨了缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的作用机理。结果表明,蛋氨酸及其衍生物都属于阳极型缓蚀剂,且缓蚀率随着添加浓度增加而增加,添加250mg/L蛋氨酸衍生物在3(wt)%Na Cl溶液中对N80碳钢的缓蚀率达到86.94%。相同浓度条件下蛋氨酸衍生物的缓蚀率要高于蛋氨酸,其原因是蛋氨酸衍生物分子结构中增加了吸附位点和疏水长链。     

C~6~0环加成衍生物光诱导电子转移过程中自由基 复合反应动力学的时间分辨 ESR研究

运用时间分辨电子自旋共振(ESR)方法,分别对比研究了一种不同分子结构的富勒烯环加成衍生物中分子内以及它们与电子给体三乙胺之间的分子间光诱导电子转移(PET)反应历程,并通过探索其自由基复合反应过程的动力学参数差异,分析了给体产物自由基的结构稳定性对复合反应动力学参数的调控作用。     

C~6~0环加成衍生物光诱导电子转移过程中自由基 复合反应动力学的时间分辨 ESR研究

运用时间分辨电子自旋共振(ESR)方法,分别对比研究了一种不同分子结构的富勒烯环加成衍生物中分子内以及它们与电子给体三乙胺之间的分子间光诱导电子转移(PET)反应历程,并通过探索其自由基复合反应过程的动力学参数差异,分析了给体产物自由基的结构稳定性对复合反应动力学参数的调控作用。     

On molecular polarizability: 3. Relationship to the ionization potential of haloalkanes, amines, alcohols, and ethers

The relationship between the ionization potential and the parameters molecular electronegativity and molecular polarizability for haloalkanes, amines, alcohols, and ethers was investigated. There is no good linear correlation between the ionization potential Ip and molecular electronegativity chi(eq) alone for these compounds. Ip can be modeled well with three parameters: chi(eq), polarizability effect index (PEI) of an alkyl group, and atomic polarizability (P). Further, a single expression for predicting the Ip values of aldehydes, esters, nitriles, and carboxylic acids was developed: Ip(Rz)(eV) = Ip(MeZ) + 1.4544delta chi(eq) - 1.6435delta sigmaPEI(Ri). Here Ip(MeZ) is the experimental ionization potential of monosubstituted methane MeZ. Delta chi(eq) and delta sigmaPEI(Ri) are the difference in the molecular electronegativity and the difference in the polarizability effect index of alkyl groups attached to the functional group Z between molecules MeZ and RZ, respectively.     

分子拓扑学方法估算多环芳香烃类化合物的电离能

It was found that the ionization potentials (Ip) is related with the polarizability effect index (PEI) for the fragments CH, CH2, and CH3 of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Therefore a kind of adjacent matrix of molecular graph was constructed, in which the characteristics of the diagonal elements were expressed with the PEI of the fragments C, CH, CH2, and CH3 in molecular graph. The research result shows that there is a good correlation between the eigenvalue of the matrix and the ionization potential for the title compounds: Ipi=4.756+2.870OMOi, R=0.9853, s=0.1765, n=446. This new calculation method has only one parameter for calculating ionization potentials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The obtained result shows that the topologic molecular method is convenient and reliable.     

Born-Haber-Fajans cycle generalized: linear energy relation between molecules, crystals, and metals

Classical procedures to calculate ion-based lattice potential energies (U(POT)) assume formal integral charges on the structural units; consequently, poor results are anticipated when significant covalency is present. To generalize the procedures beyond strictly ionic solids, a method is needed for calculating (i) physically reasonable partial charges, delta, and (ii) well-defined and consistent asymptotic reference energies corresponding to the separated structural components. The problem is here treated for groups 1 and 11 monohalides and monohydrides, and for the alkali metal elements (with their metallic bonds), by using the valence-state atoms-in-molecules (VSAM) model of von Szentpály et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 9467). In this model, the Born-Haber-Fajans reference energy, U(POT), of free ions, M(+) and Y(-), is replaced by the energy of charged dissociation products, M(delta)(+) and Y(delta)(-), of equalized electronegativity. The partial atomic charge is obtained via the iso-electronegativity principle, and the asymptotic energy reference of separated free ions is lowered by the "ion demotion energy", IDE = -(1)/(2)(1 - delta(VS))(I(VS,M) - A(VS,Y)), where delta(VS) is the valence-state partial charge and (I(VS,M) - A(VS,Y)) is the difference between the valence-state ionization potential and electron affinity of the M and Y atoms producing the charged species. A very close linear relation (R = 0.994) is found between the molecular valence-state dissociation energy, D(VS), of the VSAM model, and our valence-state-based lattice potential energy, U(VS) = U(POT) - (1)/(2)(1 - delta(VS))(I(VS,M) - A(VS,Y)) = 1.230D(VS) + 86.4 kJ mol(-)(1). Predictions are given for the lattice energy of AuF, the coinage metal monohydrides, and the molecular dissociation energy, D(e), of AuI. The coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) do not fit into this linear regression because d orbitals are strongly involved in their metallic bonding, while s orbitals dominate their homonuclear molecular bonding.     

Hole transport in triphenylamine based OLED devices: from theoretical modeling to properties prediction

For the series of para-substituted triphenylamines, optimized geometries, HOMO and LUMO energy levels, ionization potentials Ip, reorganization energies for hole transport λ(+), and frontier orbital contours have been calculated by means of ab initio computations. Relationships between them and the Hammett parameter are presented. According to calculations, electron releasing substituents increase the HOMO and LUMO energies of TPA, while electron withdrawing ones decrease it. This behavior is reflected in subsequent decreasing and increasing of ionization potentials of substituted TPAs. Calculations show that there exists also a strong substituent effect on the reorganization energy λ(+), which is a dominating factor of hole mobility. It is concluded that proper tuning of the HOMO and LUMO levels (and, as a result, ionization potential, Ip) and reorganization energy λ(+) (consequently, hole mobility) of the triphenylamine can be done by alteration of the TPA electronic structure by an appropriate substitution. It is demonstrated that the proper adjustment of the HOMO levels of HTM facilitates the reduction of an energy barrier at the interface of ITO/HTL and HTL/EL and ensure the high hole injection and hole transport rate. On the other hand, appropriate adjustment of the LUMO level prevents an electron leak from the EL into the HTM layer. Results of these calculations can be useful in the process of designing new HTM materials of desired properties (high efficiency, stability, and durability).     

Experimental and theoretical study of the microsolvation of sodium atoms in methanol clusters: differences and similarities to sodium-water and sodium-ammonia

Methanol clusters are generated in a continuous He-seeded supersonic expansion and doped with sodium atoms in a pick-up cell. By this method, clusters of the type Na(CH(3)OH)(n) are formed and subsequently photoionized by applying a tunable dye-laser system. The microsolvation process of the Na 3s electron is studied by determining the ionization potentials (IPs) of these clusters size-selectively for n = 2-40. A decrease is found from n = 2 to 6 and a constant value of 3.19 +/- 0.07 eV for n = 6-40. The experimentally-determined ionization potentials are compared with ionization potentials derived from quantum-chemical calculations, assuming limiting vertical and adiabatic processes. In the first case, energy differences are calculated between the neutral and the ionized cationic clusters of the same geometry. In the second case, the ionized clusters are used in their optimized relaxed geometry. These energy differences and relative stabilities of isomeric clusters vary significantly with the applied quantum-chemical method (B3LYP or MP2). The comparison with the experiment for n = 2-7 reveals strong variations of the ionization potential with the cluster structure indicating that structural diversity and non-vertical pathways give significant signal contributions at the threshold. Based on these findings, a possible explanation for the remarkable difference in IP evolutions of methanol or water and ammonia is presented: for methanol and water a rather localized surface or semi-internal Na 3s electron is excited to either high Rydberg or more localized states below the vertical ionization threshold. This excitation is followed by a local structural relaxation that couples to an autoionization process. For small clusters with n < 6 for methanol and n < 4 for water the addition of solvent molecules leads to larger solvent-metal-ion interaction energies, which consequently lead to lower ionization thresholds. For n = 6 (methanol) and n = 4 (water) this effect comes to a halt, which may be connected with the completion of the first cationic solvation shell limiting the release of local relaxation energy. For Na(NH(3))(n), a largely delocalized and internal electron is excited to autoionizing electronic states, a process that is no longer local and consequently may depend on cluster size up to very large n.     

胺、醇和醚类化合物电离能的估算

脂肪族胺、醇、醚、硫醇和硫醚的第一电离能Ip与N、O、S原子的电负性X~Z^O、分子中N、O、S原子的部分电荷q~z以及烷基的极化效应指数PEI的关系可以表示为:Ip(eV)=4.4851+3.0727X~Z~O+7.1702q~z-1.3949∑PEI上式较好地表达了脂肪族胺、醇、醚、硫醇和硫醚的第一电离能变化的共同规律。     

NMR study of ligand exchange and electron self-exchange between oxo-centered trinuclear clusters [Fe3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CR)6(4-R'py)3](+/0)

The syntheses, single crystal X-ray structures, and magnetic properties of the homometallic μ?-oxo trinuclear clusters [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?](ClO?) (1) and [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CAd)?(4-Mepy)?](NO?) (2) are reported (Ad = adamantane). The persistence of the trinuclear structure within 1 and 2 in CD?Cl? and C?D?Cl? solutions in the temperature range 190-390 K is demonstrated by 1H NMR. An equilibrium between the mixed pyridine clusters [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CAd)?(4-Mepy)(3-x)(4-Phpy)(x)](NO?) (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) with a close to statistical distribution of these species is observed in CD?Cl? solutions. Variable-temperature NMR line-broadening made it possible to quantify the coordinated/free 4-Rpy exchanges at the iron centers of 1 and 2: k(ex)2?? = 6.5 ± 1.3 × 10?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 89.47 ± 2 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = +51.8 ± 6 J K?1 mol?1 for 1 and k(ex)2?? = 3.4 ± 0.5 × 10?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 91.13 ± 2 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = +51.9 ± 5 J K?1 mol?1 for 2. A limiting D mechanism is assigned for these ligand exchange reactions on the basis of first-order rate laws and positive and large entropies of activation. The exchange rates are 4 orders of magnitude slower than those observed for the ligand exchange on the reduced heterovalent cluster [Fe(III)?Fe(II)(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?] (3). In 3, the intramolecular Fe(III)/Fe(II) electron exchange is too fast to be observed. At low temperatures, the 1/3 intermolecular second-order electron self-exchange reaction is faster than the 4-Phpy ligand exchange reactions on these two clusters, suggesting an outer-sphere mechanism: k?2?? = 72.4 ± 1.0 × 103 M?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 18.18 ± 0.3 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = -90.88 ± 1.0 J K?1 mol?1. The [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?](+/0) electron self-exchange reaction is compared with the more than 3 orders of magnitude faster [Ru?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(py)?](+/0) self-exchange reaction (ΔΔG(exptl)(?298) = 18.2 kJ mol?1). The theoretical estimated self-exchange rate constants for both processes compare reasonably well with the experimental values. The equilibrium constant for the formation of the precursor to the electron-transfer and the free energy of activation contribution for the solvent reorganization to reach the electron transfer step are taken to be the same for both redox couples. The larger ΔG(exptl)(?298) for the 1/3 iron self-exchange is attributed to the larger (11.1 kJ mol?1) inner-sphere reorganization energy of the 1 and 3 iron clusters in addition to a supplementary energy (6.1 kJ mol?1) which arises as a result of the fact that each encounter is not electron-transfer spin-allowed for the iron redox couple.     

Quantum-Chemical Study of Anisole Molecule

The potential functions of internal rotation around the C -O bond in the C₆H₅OCH₃ molecule were obtained by HF/6-31G(d), MP2(f)/6-31G(d), and B3LYP/6-31(d) calculations. Hartree-Fock calculations reveal a fourfold barrier to internal rotation around the C -O bond. The MP2 and B3LYP calculations reveal a twofold barrier with a height of 7.78 and 10.70 kJ mol^{- 1}, respectively (corrected for the zero vibration energy). The molecular geometries, first Koopmans ionization potentials, and dipole moments are reported. Calculations for liquid anisole in the self-consistent reactive field (SCRF) continual model give the results that only slightly differ from the results obtained for the isolated molecule in a vacuum. Within the framework of the Natural Bond Orbitals formalism, the following parameters were determined: energy, degree of hybridization, and population of oxygen lone electron pairs and energy of their interaction with antibonding ^* orbitals of the aromatic ring.     

六氢吡啶和氨形成的氢键团簇C5H10NH(NH3)n(n=1～3)结构的从头算研究

在RHF/6-31G(d)水平下,对C5H10NH(NH3)n(n=1～3)氢键团簇的平衡构型进行了从头算研究,优化得到各种可能的平衡构型.C5H10NH(NH3)为线型氢键结构,而C5H10NH(NH3)2为三元环结构,C5H10NH(NH3)3为四元环结构.在MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下,对最稳定构型C5H10NH(NH3)n(Ⅰ)(n=1～3)的分子轨道进行布居分析,并且对相应的占据轨道进行指认.C5H10NH(NH3)n(Ⅰ)(n=1～3)垂直电离势的计算结果表明,形成氢键团簇后,分子的垂直电离势降低.     

Structures and energetics of neutral and ionic silicon-germanium clusters: density functional theory and coupled cluster studies

We have calculated the structural and energetic properties of neutral and ionic (singly charged anionic and cationic) semiconductor binary silicon-germanium clusters Si(m)Ge(n) for s = m + n ≤ 12 using the density functional theory (DFT-B3LYP) and coupled cluster [CCSD(T)] methods with Pople's 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) basis set. Neutral and anionic clusters share similar ground state structures for s = 3-7, independent of the stoichiometry and atom locations, but start to deviate at s = 8. The relative energetic stability of the calculated ground state structures among possible isomers has been analyzed through a bond strength propensity model where the pair interactions of Si-Si, Si-Ge, and Ge-Ge are competing. Electron affinities, ionization potentials, energy gaps between the highest and lowest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO gaps), and cluster mixing energies were calculated and analyzed. Overall, for a fixed s, the vertical ionization potential increases as the number of silicon atoms m increases, while the vertical electron affinity shows a dip at m = 2. As s increases, the ionization potentials increase from s = 2 to s = 3 and then decrease slowly to s = 8. The mixing energies for neutral and ionic clusters are all negative, indicating that the binary clusters are more stable than pure elemental clusters. Except for s = 4 and 8, cationic clusters are more stable than anionic ones and, thus, are more likely to be observed in experiments.