油酸修饰CuS纳米颗粒的原位合成及其摩擦学性能

利用原位合成法室温下直接在基础油中成功制备了油酸修饰CuS 纳米颗粒, 将其长时间静置, 不会发生纳米颗粒的团聚. TEM 研究表明, 该方法制备的纳米颗粒粒径大约为30 nm. 红外光谱结果表明, 由于油酸的羧基与无机CuS纳米颗粒表面发生了化学吸附,使无机纳米颗粒的表面有一层有机修饰层, 从而增强了其油溶性.摩擦磨损试验结果表明,该添加剂在基础油中能起到抗磨减摩的效果.随着添加剂浓度的增大, 摩擦系数和磨斑直径都呈现下降趋势,当添加剂浓度为0.1%(w)时, 摩擦系数和磨斑直径都达到最小值,但是进一步增加添加剂浓度, 摩擦系数与磨斑直径又都开始增大. SEM 研究结果表明, 油酸修饰CuS 纳米颗粒能起到抗磨减摩作用的原因是因为其有利于在摩擦副表面形成牢固的润滑膜.     

共沸蒸馏法制备表面化学改性氢氧化镁纳米颗粒

首次将表面改性剂如硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌或稀土偶联剂加入到传统的共沸蒸馏体系中,使Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面改性和干燥过程同时完成。 通过 XRD、TEM、FT-IR、TG和CAM（接触角测试）等技术手段对样品的结构、形貌和性质进行了表征。 结果表明,表面改性剂不但能够和Mg(OH)2纳米颗粒的表面的OH-离子发生化学反应形成表面修饰层, 减少硬团聚现象,而且还使纳米颗粒表面由亲水性变为疏水性。 另外,对共沸蒸馏法制备表面改性纳米颗粒的机理进行了讨论,为纳米颗粒表面改性提供了一种新思路。     

聚丙烯酸酯-LiNi铁氧体纳米复合物的制备和磁性研究

用流变相法制备了LiNi铁氧体纳米粒子, 通过硅烷偶联剂对纳米LiNi铁氧体表面改性, 用乳液聚合法制备了纳米LiNi铁氧体-聚丙烯酸酯复合物. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)以及阻抗-材料分析仪等表征了样品的结构、形貌和磁性能. 结果表明, 引入的纳米铁氧体被聚丙烯酸酯分子链所包覆, 明显提高了复合物的热稳定性. 在外加磁场下, 复合物表现出了较弱的亚铁磁性, 并具有一定的磁滞损耗特性.     

共沉淀法制备氧化硅改性的纳米二氧化钛及其性质

采用共沉淀法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积的纳米二氧化钛.氧化硅的添加提高了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的热稳定性能,有效地抑制了纳米二氧化钛的颗粒增长、团聚和锐钛向金红石的晶型转换.光催化降解亚甲基蓝证明,样品具有较高的光催化活性,而且随着氧化硅添加量的增加,光催化活性提高.     

锰-锌铁氧体的x-射线荧光光谱分析法

锰-锌铁氧体是用作计算机、电视机、通讯机等电子设备中的一种软磁材料,其磁性能与其化学成分密切相关。要制备优质锰-锌铁氧体,必须精确分析、严格控制其化学成分,传统的湿化学分析法就难于满足这种要求。在研制锰-锌铁氧体的工作中,通过近千个样品分析表明x-射线荧光“强度比”的方法,能方便地解决这一问题。此法是通过解下列方程式     

染料敏化太阳能电池用TiO2薄膜电极的改性制备及光电化学性能

以钛酸四异丙酯为钛源, 用水热法合成制备了具有典型锐钛矿晶型的TiO2纳米材料. 采用金属镍掺杂和表面包覆一层氧化钕, 对TiO2薄膜电极进行改性研究. 实验结果表明, 所制备纳米TiO2颗粒较均匀, 粒径约为17~18 nm. 经镍掺杂后, 颗粒团聚粒径明显增大, 但是仍保持均匀状态和多孔结构. 与改性前的TiO2薄膜电极相比, 金属掺杂和表面包覆有助于光生电子和空穴有效地分离, 电池的短路光电流提高了16%, 光电转换效率提高了17%.     

高分子单链键接Fe_3O_4制备Janus复合纳米颗粒

采用溶剂热法制备油酸保护的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒,通过硅烷配体交换在颗粒表面引入氨基.基于氨基快速淬灭阳离子活性种,将阳离子聚合制备的活性高分子链如聚(4-氯甲基苯乙烯)键接到氨基改性的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒表面,制备高分子链/Fe_3O_4复合纳米颗粒.分子量决定键接活性高分子链数目.当高分子流体力学尺寸大于纳米颗粒直径时,空间排斥效应保证单根高分子链键接到Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒(10 nm),得到呈降落伞结构的复合Janus纳米颗粒,高分子链分布在Fe_3O_4颗粒一侧.当高分子链尺寸较小时,多根高分子链键接到纳米颗粒表面.研究了该复合Janus纳米颗粒双亲特性.作为固体乳化剂可容易乳化水/油体系得到稳定乳液.该Janus纳米颗粒在油水界面通过自组装可得到单层薄膜.     

纳米Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯均匀分散体系的制备及结构

用化学共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,以油酸为表面活性剂,苯乙烯为载液,制备了稳定的纳米Fe3O4可聚合磁流体,将可聚合磁流体经自由基引发聚合制成纳米Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯均匀分散体系,用WAXRD研究了Fe3O4纳米粒子的结晶情况;用FTIR研究了油酸表面改性前后Fe3O4粒子表面官能团的变化;用TEM研究了Fe3O4颗粒的粒径大小及其在苯乙烯单体和聚苯乙烯中的分散情况;用DSC和TGA研究了纳米Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯均匀分散体系的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热稳定性,结果表明,合成的纳米Fe3O4为立方晶型,平均粒径在10nm左右,油酸分子在Fe3O4表面是化学吸附,经表面处理的Fe3O4超细颗粒在苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯基体中分散较均匀.界面粘结较好,含1.8％Fe3O4纳米颗粒的聚苯乙烯的最大热失重温度比聚苯乙烯提高了13K,Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯复合体系的饱和磁化强度σs为17.43emu/g.     

超细高分散碳酸钙的原位制备及性能

利用油酸原位表面改性方法制备了一种高分散疏水碳酸钙纳米粒子.在低温碳化条件下,制备的超细碳酸钙纳米粒子的粒径可控制在40~50 nm之间.原位表面改性作用下油酸分子被接枝到超细碳酸钙纳米粒子的表面,使其分散性明显提高;此种超细填料的表面接触角为125.96°,由亲水性转变为疏水性.将质量分数为1%的超细碳酸钙纳米粒子填料添加到ABS树脂基体中,其白度值从62.47升高至87.96,可见该超细填料可以广泛应用到"白色家电"ABS专用树脂中.     

铜纳米流体的制备及其抗氧化性

采用油酸作为包覆剂,在油相中一步合成表面包覆的铜纳米流体,通过XRD和TEM等技术对表面色覆的纳米铜颗粒进行了表征。油酸包覆使纳米铜颗粒表面具有疏水性,并起到保护作用,可有效抑制铜的氧化。实验中通过调节Cu2+与油酸的摩尔比,考察了油酸量对所制备纳米铜颗粒粒径的影响。在一定温度范围内,分散在煤油中的纳米铜可有效抑制煤油中氢过氧化物的生成,有利于提高煤油的热氧化稳定性。     

Au纳米粒子负载的ZnO空心球复合材料的光生电荷转移行为及光催化活性

通过简单的两步法合成了不同负载量的Au/ZnO空心球。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品的形貌、结构、组成和晶相等进行一系列的表征。以罗丹明B (RhB)为目标降解物,探究了Au/ZnO空心球的光催化活性。结果表明,适量Au修饰的ZnO光催化剂在混合光下20 min内对RhB的降解率达到73%。利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和瞬态光电压(TPV)技术,探讨了Au修饰后对ZnO光诱导电荷转移行为与光催化性能之间的关系。结果表明,混合光照下Au/ZnO空心球光降解性能的提高主要归因于作为电子受体的Au纳米粒子与ZnO之间形成的强的电子相互作用。适量Au纳米粒子的负载能够提高ZnO空心球中光生载流子的分离效率,相应地延长载流子的传输时间,增加光生电荷的寿命,从而促进其光催化活性的提高。     

Effect of halloysite nanotube on microstructure,rheological and mechanical properties of dynamically vulcanized PA6/NBR thermoplastic vulcanizates

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) nanocomposites based on polyamide-6 (PA6) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) reinforced by halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were prepared via a direct melt mixing process. The effects of HNT on the physical, mechanical, and rheological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The prepared PA6/NBR/HNT nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning colorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and rheological measurements. The morphology study of prepared nanocomposites shows that the introduction of HNT into the PA6 phase causes a decrease in the size of NBR droplets. The mechanical measurements revealed that Young’s modulus of TPV nanocomposites increased with the HNT loading up to 54%. DMTA results show that the introduction of 10 wt% of HNT into the PA6/NBR TPV leads to a 30% increase in storage modulus. The rheological measurements revealed that the storage modulus of nanocomposites has an increase of more than 200% in the presence of 7 wt% of HNT loading. Analytical stiffness modeling of Young’s modulus of the TPV nanocomposites was investigated using Hui–Shia and Wu models. Both models have some deviations from experimental results and been modified to predict Young’s modulus of the nanocomposites containing HNT with more precisions. The viscosity behavior of TPV nanocomposites was studied using a Carruea–Yasuda model and showed that the yield stress of nanocomposites increases with higher HNT loadings, indicating the formation of a nanotube network along with NBR phase network.     

三聚苯撑乙烯/蒙脱土发光光谱的时间依赖性

用原位插层法制备了插层型的三聚苯撑乙烯/蒙脱土(TPV/MMT)纳米复合材料. 研究了新制备及在室温储存180天后的TPV/MMT纳米复合材料的荧光光谱及蒙脱土层间距的变化情况. 荧光光谱分析表明, 储存180天后, TPV/MMT纳米复合材料的最大发射峰由494 nm蓝移到438 nm, 半峰宽由77 nm增加到104 nm. X射线衍射结果表明, 与新制备的复合材料相比, 蒙脱土的层间距由1.52 nm减小到1.22 nm. 红外光谱分析表明, 室温储存180天后的三聚苯撑乙烯苯环的某些特征峰由1598 和1554 cm-1分别红移到1506和1462 cm-1. 依据相关实验和理论数据探讨了储存180 天前后TPV在蒙脱土中聚集态结构的变化方式.     

Study of the Impact Resistance of Physically and Dynamically Vulcanized Mixtures of PP/EPDM

Physically and dynamically vulcanized (TPV) mixtures of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) are prepared by extrusion in order to improve the impact resistance of PP. To enhance the chemical compatibility and provide better interaction between the PP and EPDM in the physical mixtures, both polymers are modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) in solution using xylene as solvent and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator. The qualitative and quantitative determination of the degree of grafting is study by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and varying the amount of DCP and/or amount of MAH in order to determine the optimum amounts to obtain the highest degree of grafting. The effect of the relation of PP/EPDM, the amount of reinforcement filler and mix rate are studied for modified polymer mixtures (PP-g-MAH/EPDM-g-MAH). For the TPV of PP/EPDM the effects of amount and triallylisocyanurate (TAC) as coupling agent in presence of different amounts of DCP are studied. The physical mixtures of modified polymers prepared with a PP/EPDM ratio of 80/20 and the TPVs blends prepared with a PP/EPDM ratio of 70/30 and containing 15% filler at 60 rpm show the highest impact resistance. The impact resistance, melt flow index and hardness of the different mixtures are measured to determine their possible applications to prepare front panels and bumpers for automobiles by injection molding.     

N掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子表面光生电荷特性与光催化活性

以尿素为氮源,采用水热法制备了不同N掺杂量的TiO2(N-TiO2)光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及荧光(PL)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,分别考察了N-TiO2光催化剂在紫外和可见光区的光催化活性.利用表面光伏(SPV)和瞬态光伏(TPV)技术研究了N-TiO2纳米粒子表面光生电荷的产生和传输机制,并探讨了光生电荷与光催化活性之间的关系.结果显示,随着N含量的增大,TiO2表面光伏响应阈值红移,可见光部分光电压响应强度逐渐增强,瞬态光伏响应达到最大值的时间亦有着不同程度的延迟.这表明适量的N掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的分离效率,相应地延长载流子的传输时间,增加光生电荷的寿命,从而促进其光催化活性;而过量的N掺杂则增加了TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的复合中心,抑制其光催化活性.     

A new thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV)/organoclay nanocomposite: Preparation,characterization, and properties

The preparation, characterization, and properties of the new thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV)/organoclay nanocomposites are reported in this article. The nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation method. The organoclay was first treated with glycidyl methacrylate, which acts as a swelling agent for organoclays, as well as a grafting agent for TPV (in the presence of dicumyl peroxide) during the melt mixing. The nanocomposite was intercalated, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction. The tensile modulus of the 5% TPV/organoclay nanocomposite was higher than that of the 20% talc‐filled microcomposite. The storage modulus of the nanocomposite was higher than that of the pristine TPV. The most important observation is obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis, which reveals that the glass‐transition temperature of the polypropylene phase of the nanocomposite increases (as compared to virgin TPV), whereas the ethylene–propylene–diene monomer phase remains almost the same. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2900–2908, 2004     

磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化有机合成反应研究进展

磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化的有机合成反应,由于具有催化活性高,催化剂在外加磁场作用下即可快速分离和重复使用等特点,已引起了人们的广泛关注.综述了近年来磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化有机合成反应的研究进展,载体包括Fe3O4纳米粒子、有机小分子修饰的磁性纳米粒子、SiO2包覆的磁性纳米粒子、碳修饰磁性纳米粒子、羟基磷灰石包覆的磁性纳米粒子和有机高分子修饰的磁性纳米粒子等.     

Fabrication of Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles by UPD-redox replacement: Application in the electrochemical reduction of benzyl chloride

The bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles were prepared by underpotential deposition-redox replacement technique on the basis of Au nanoparticles modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The as-prepared Ag/Au nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles modified GC electrode with low-Ag loading exhibits much better catalytic activity for the reduction of benzyl chloride than Ag nanoparticles modified GC electrode. The result is attributed to the synergic effect between Ag and Au in the reduction process. The chronoamperometry test shows that the Ag/Au nanoparticles possess long-term performance in the electrolysis.     

有序介孔硅片粒子表面的修饰及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶的方法制备了粒径在50~300nm,具有正六边形的介孔二氧化硅片,用1,6-己二异氰酸酯(hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI)对有序介孔硅片粒子表面进行有机化修饰,使其表面接枝能够参与反应的N=C=O活性基团。用FTIR、热重分析、TEM等分析方法对修饰后的有序介孔硅片粒子进行了表征,以确定HDI接在了有序介孔硅片粒子的表面。     

表面修饰Ag_2S纳米微粒的制备及其量子尺寸效应研究

采用同阳离子共沉淀法制备了DDP修饰的Ag2 S纳米微粒 ,其紫外—可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱表明DDP修饰的Ag2 S纳米微粒具有显著的量子尺寸效应 ,粒子尺寸分布较窄 ,粒子表面存在多种表面态能级。