酸根离子及其水溶液对镎酰离子结构性质的影响

利用B3LYP杂化密度泛函方法,在相对论有效芯势模型下,优化得到了NpO22+离子及其配合物在气相和水溶液中的几何结构和电子结构, 研究了NO3-、SO42-和CO32-离子及其水溶液对NpO22+离子的结构和性质的影响.结果表明,NpO22+离子结合各种酸根离子后其Np=O键的键长都有明显增长、Np和O原子的价电子轨道能均有升高,而考虑溶剂化效应后酸根离子的影响将减小.电荷分析发现,结合酸根离子后,NpO22+中Np和O原子间形成的共价键的强度减弱、键长增长.对NpO22+离子与三种酸根离子的理论结合能的比较显示,NpO2CO3分子最为稳定.     

Np(NO_3)_n~q(n=1—6,q=-2—+3)配合物的结构和性质

利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP杂化方法,在相对论有效芯势模型下,使用Gaussian 03程序对IV价镎离子(Np~(4+))与硝酸根离子(NO_3~-)形成的几种配合物Np(NO_3)_n~q(n=1-6,q=-2-+3)的几何结构进行了优化,给出了其结构参数及性质.研究发现:Np~(4+)与NO_3~-在结合过程中均以双齿模式结合,且Np~(4+)与2(NO_3~-)结合形成的Np(NO_3)_2+2配合物的Np—N键及Np—O键的键长最短,但Np~(4+)与4(NO_3~-)结合形成的Np(NO3)4配合物的结合能最大、结合最稳定.最后,进一步计算了Np(NO_3)_4配合物的红外光谱,通过与已有的实验数据对比的一致性,确认了本文计算结果的可靠性.     

三价羰基硫离子(OCS^(3+))二体解离过程模拟研究

基于Gaussian量子化学模拟软件采用不同基组(6-31G**和TZVP)下的B3LYP方法对基态三价羰基硫离子(OCS^(3+))的势能曲线进行分析,得到了三价羰基硫离子可能的解离通道.当固定C—O键长为OCS分子的构型键长时(2.1a.u.),通过模拟基态OCS^(3+)离子沿着C—S键断裂的势能曲线,发现沿着C—S键的势能曲线是一个具有小势垒的排斥态;相反,当固定C—S键长为OCS分子的构型键长时(2.9a.u.),基态OCS^(3+)离子沿着C—O键的势能曲线是一个势垒较大的排斥态,根据弗兰克-康登原理可知,基态OCS^(3+)离子倾向于以断裂C—S键的方式进行解离.通过搜索基态OCS^(3+)离子过渡态、IRC路径分析进一步确定了基态OCS^(3+)离子具体的解离通道:OCS^(3+)→CO^(+)+S^(2+).最后通过对反应物和产物的Mulliken电荷分布和键长的分析,得到与前面一致的结论.     

化学计量的氧化钠团簇阳离子结构的离子迁移质谱法研究（英文）

本文通过离子迁移质谱法研究了氧化钠团簇阳离子(Na_nO_m~+,n≤11)的稳定结构.质谱结果表明化学计量组成Na(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+(n=3、5、7、9和11)系列是稳定的,并且NaO(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+(n=5、7、9和11)系列作为二级稳定系列.为了获得这些团簇离子的结构,通过离子迁移率测量实验测定离子和氦缓冲气体之间的碰撞截面.同时计算了这些组合物优化结构的理论碰撞截面.结果表明,Na(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+和NaO(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+的结构除了n=9之外,其它具有相似结构框架.Na(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+所有的化合键位于钠和氧之间.另一方面,NaO(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+中除了Na-O键之外,还存在一个O-O氧键,表明NaO(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+具有过氧化物离子(O_2~(2-))作为Na(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+的氧化物离子(O~(2-))的替代物.Na(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+和NaO(Na_2O)_((n-1)/2)~+两种稳定系列都是闭壳组合物.这些闭壳特征对氧化钠簇阳离子的稳定性具有强烈影响.     

镎氧化物分子结构和光谱的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,优化了NpO,NpO_2,NpO_3和Np_2O_3分子的几何构型,分析了电子从Np到O的转移情况。结果表明:NpO,NpO_2,NpO_3和Np_2O_3的自旋多重度分别为6,2,2和9,对称性分别为C_(∞v),D_(∞h),C_(2v)和D_(3h)时相应分子处于稳定结构;对所有分子而言,分子能级在-50 eV左右的态主要由Np-6s轨道形成,在-20 eV附近的态主要由Np-6p和O-2s轨道混合组成,而大于-11 eV的态主要由Np-5f和O-2p轨道混合组成。同时,根据相关计算给出了分子基态结构的振动频率和光谱数据,并对红外光谱最大峰值的振动模式进行了指认。     

抗坏血酸同顺磁离子Mn~(2+)、Gd~(3+)络会的~(13)C NMR研究

该文用顺磁离子对其近邻~(13)C核的NMR吸收增宽效应,系统地研究了抗坏血酸在不同溶剂中对金属离子Mn~(2+)、Gd~(3+)的配合行为.在水溶液中,抗坏血酸可通过两种配合方式与Mn~(2+)作用,但与Gd~(3+)的作用只有一种稳定的结构.在水中抗坏血酸对金属的配位活性部位分别是1位羟基氧,3位离解的羟基氧和6位羟基氧.在DMSO中,3位羟基由于H~+对该基团的静电遮蔽而变得对金属离子Mn~(2+)表现为配位惰性,同时6位羟基配位活性较大增强.对Gd~(3+)来说,此时没有优势配位活性部位存在.文章还讨论了抗坏血酸在H_2O-DMSO混合溶剂中的~(13)C NMR谱及在DMSO中NaOH对其~(13)C NMR谱及其与金属络合结构的影响.     

三价羰基硫离子(OCS3+)二体解离过程模拟研究

基于Gaussian量子化学模拟软件采用不同基组(6-31G^**和TZVP)下的B3LYP方法对基态三价羰基硫离子(OCS³⁺)的势能曲线进行分析,得到了三价羰基硫离子可能的解离通道.当固定C—O键长为OCS分子的构型键长时(2.1a.u.),通过模拟基态OCS³⁺离子沿着C—S键断裂的势能曲线,发现沿着C—S键的势能曲线是一个具有小势垒的排斥态;相反,当固定C—S键长为OCS分子的构型键长时(2.9a.u.),基态OCS³⁺离子沿着C—O键的势能曲线是一个势垒较大的排斥态,根据弗兰克-康登原理可知,基态OCS³⁺离子倾向于以断裂C—S键的方式进行解离.通过搜索基态OCS³⁺离子过渡态、IRC路径分析进一步确定了基态OCS³⁺离子具体的解离通道：OCS³⁺→CO⁺+S²⁺.最后通过对反应物和产物的Mulliken电荷分布和键长的分析,得到与前面一致的结论.     

外电场对CO分子及离子性质的调制和降解

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G++基组水平上,计算研究外加电场下CO分子及离子物理性质,包括总能量、键长、电荷分布、能级分布和红外光谱,并根据势能曲线研究CO外加电场下的降解。随着外电场逐渐增大(- 0.015 a. u.~0.015 a. u.),CO的性质发生明显的变化, 电场增大到一定程度时可实现CO分子降解。同样,CO⁺离子的总能量随电场的增大逐渐减小,键长变长,偶极矩逐渐变大,分子能隙在Alpha轨道中逐渐减小,在Beta轨道中逐渐增大,红外光谱的强度相应逐渐增大。电场从0.0 a. u增大到0.150 a. u.时,势能曲线的变化同样表明CO⁺离子离解能减小。电场增大到一定程度时可实现CO⁺离子降解。     

热处理对钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(0.95)Sr_(0.05)MnO_3离子价态和磁结构的影响

对于磁性氧化物的磁有序,传统的观点用超交换相互作用(SE)和双交换相互作用(DE)模型进行解释,其出发点都建立在全部氧离子是-2价的基础上.例如,对于LaMnO_3,认为其中的La和Mn都处于+3价,用SE模型解释相邻Mn~(3+)离子间的反铁磁序;当以二价的Sr离子替代一部分La离子后,认为等量的Mn~(3+)离子变为Mn~(4+)离子,用DE模型解释相邻Mn~(3+)和Mn~(4+)离子间的铁磁序.然而,事实上在氧化物中存在一部分负一价氧离子.Cohen[Nature 358 136]利用密度泛函理论计算了BaTiO_3的价电子态密度,结果得到只有Ba离子的化合价与传统观点相同,为+2价;而Ti和0分别为+2.89价和-1.63价,不是传统观点的+4价和-2价,但是与多年来关于氧化物电离度的研究[Rev.Mod.Phys.42 317]和X射线光电子谱(XPS)的研究结果相符合.本文经过不同热处理条件制备了名义成分为La_(0.95)Sr_(0.05)MnO_3的三个样品,通过对样品的XPS分析,发现样品中不存在Mn~(4+)离子,只存在Mn2+和Mn~(3+)离子,平均价态随热处理程序的增加而升高.尽管三个样品有相同的晶体结构,但磁矩明显不同.对于这样的性能,不能用SE和DE模型解释其磁结构.利用本课题组最近在研究尖晶石结构铁氧体磁有序过程中提出的O 2p巡游电子模型解释了这种现象,利用样品在10 K的磁矩估算出的Mn离子平均价态变化趋势与XPS分析结果一致.O 2p巡游电子模型的出发点建立在氧化物中存在一部分负一价氧离子的基础上,这是其与SE和DE模型的根本区别.     

Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶LaF_3纳米体系中掺杂Yb~(3+)离子对Tm~(3+)离子荧光发射的影响

为研究Yb~(3+)离子浓度变化对Tm~(3+)离子在蓝色波段荧光强度的影响,以NaF和La(NO_3)_3为原料,采用水热法制备了Tm~(3+)和Yb~(3+)共掺的Tm~(3+)/ Yb~(3+)∶LaF_3纳米颗粒.用X射线衍射对LaF_3纳米颗粒进行表征的结果显示,纳米晶体结构呈六方相.透射电镜的观测结果显示,纳米颗粒样品大小均匀、分散性良好.在波长为800 nm的激光激发下,观测到了上转换蓝光发射,其中包括波长为474 nm和479 nm的较强的荧光辐射(相应的跃迁为~1G_4→~3H_6)和波长位于450 nm的强度较弱的荧光发射(相应的跃迁为~1D_2→~3F_4).通过观测不同Yb~(3+)离子浓度条件下共掺Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)∶LaF_3样品的荧光光谱,研究了Yb~(3+)离子掺杂浓度对于Tm~(3+)离子的荧光发射的影响,并探讨了产生这种现象的原因.研究结果显示,对于~1G_4→~3H_6跃迁产生的荧光发射(474 nm),当Yb~(3+)离子浓度增大时,反向能量传递速率的增加导致了荧光强度的增大.然而,当Yb~(3+)离子浓度增大到一定程度时,Yb~(3+)离子激发态能级寿命的减少将引发荧光强度的下降.相比较而言,Yb~(3+)离子的浓度的变化对于~1D_2→~3F_4跃迁产生的位于450 nm处荧光强度的影响较弱.     

Theoretical study on K, L, and M X-ray transition energies and rates of neptunium and its ions

The transition energies and electric dipole （El） transition rates of the K, L, and M lines in neutral Np have been theoretically determined from the MultiConfiguration Dirac-Fock （MCDF） method. In the calculations, the contributions from Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamics （QED） effects （vacuum polarization and self-energy）, as well as nu- clear finite mass and volume effects, are taken into account. The calculated transition energies and rates are found to be in good agreement with other experimental and theoretical results. The accuracy of the results is estimated and discussed. Furthermore, we calculated the transition energies of the same lines radiating from the decaying transitions of the K-, L-, and M-shell hole states of Np ions with the charge states Np1＋ to Np6＋ for the first time. We found that for a specific line, the corresponding transition energies relating to all the Np ions are almost the same; it means the outermost electrons have a very small influence on the inner-shell transition processes.     

Interaction studies of cysteine with Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ metal cation complexes

The coordination geometries, electronic features, metal ion affinities, entropies, and the energetics of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ metal cations with different possible conformations of cysteine complexes were studied. The complexes were optimized using density functional theory (B3LYP) and second order Moller–Plesset Perturbation (MP2) theory methods using 6‐311 + +G** basis set. The interactions of the metal cations at different nucleophilic sites of cysteine conformations were considered after a careful selection among several binding sites. All the metal cations coordinate with cysteine in a tridentate manner and also the most preferred position for the interaction. It is found that, the overall structural parameters of cysteine are not altered by metal ion substitution, but, the metal ion‐binding site has undergone a noticeable change. All the complexes were characterized by an electrostatic interaction between ligand and metal ions that appears slightly more pronounced for lithium and beryllium metal complexes. The metal ion affinity (MIA) and basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected interaction energy were also computed for all the complexes. The effect of metal cations on the infrared (IR) stretching vibrational modes of amino N? H bond, side chain thiol group S? H bond, hydroxyl O? H bond, and Carbonyl C?O bond in cysteine molecules have also been studied. The nature of the metal ion‐ligand bond and the coordination properties were examined using natural bond order (NBO) at bond critical point (electron density and their Laplacian of electron density) through Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Donor Properties of Ligands and the Structure and Spectra of Uranyl Halogenides in the Solid State

Complexes of uranyl halogenides with neutral organic ligands in the solid state have been obtained, the luminescence spectra at T = 77 K have been recorded, and the dependences of them on the composition of the complex have been investigated. The linear dependence of the change in the frequencies of electron and vibronic transitions on the donor number of the neutral ligands has been revealed, thus allowing us to propose a spectral method for determining the structure of the system studied. It is shown that the increased strength of the bond of some halogen ligands (in particular, fluorine) with uranyl favors the nonsaturation of their inner coordination sphere. At the same time, the most stable complexes of the substances considered are formed when two halogen ions are supplemented with three molecules of organic ligand.     

Triple-q(-->) octupolar ordering in NpO2

We report the results of resonant x-ray scattering experiments performed at the Np M(4,5) edges in NpO2. Below T(0)=25 K, the development of long-range order of Np electric quadrupoles is revealed by the growth of superlattice Bragg peaks. The polarization and azimuthal dependence of the intensity of the resonant peaks are well reproduced assuming anisotropic tensor susceptibility scattering from a triple-q(-->) longitudinal antiferroquadrupolar structure. Electric-quadrupole order in NpO2 could be driven by the ordering at T0 of magnetic octupoles of Gamma(5) symmetry, splitting the Np ground state quartet and leading to a singlet ground state with zero dipole-magnetic moment.     

Synthesis,structures and near-infrared luminescence properties of Ho and Yb coordination complexes

Four Ln³⁺ coordination complexes with the formulas [Ln(p-toluylate)₂(Ac)(H₂O)]_n (Ln=Ho 1, Yb 2) and {[Ln₂(OOCCH₂CH₂COO)₃(H₂O)₄]·6H₂O}_n (Ln=Ho 3, Yb 4) were synthesized hydrothermally. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphic and form infinite 2D network structures comprising p-toluylate and acetate (Ac^–) moieties. Complexes 3 and 4 are also isomorphic and possess infinite 2D structures in which succinate acts as bridging ligands that are connected to a 3D hydrogen bonding network by O–H…O hydrogen bonds. Solid-state IR and UV-Vis-NIR spectra, excitation and emission spectra were determined for the four complexes at room temperature. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit characteristic NIR emission bands of Ln³⁺ ions but these are shifted and split relative to the theoretical positions. This is also evident for their UV-Vis-NIR spectra. The influence of ligands on enhancing the NIR luminescence of Ln³⁺ ions in complexes is discussed.     

FeP(Im)-AB Bonding Energies Evaluated with A Large Number of Density Functionals (P = porphine, Im = imidazole, AB = CO, NO, and O(2))

Sixty-four (64) density functionals, ranging from GGA, meta-GGA, hybrid GGA to hybrid meta-GGA, were tested to evaluate the FeP(Im)-AB bonding energies (E(bond)) in the heme model complexes FeP(Im)(AB) (P = porphine, Im = imidazole, AB = CO, NO, and O(2)). The results indicate that an accurate prediction of E(bond) for the various ligands to heme is difficult with the DFT methods; usually a functional successful for one system does not perform equally well for the other system(s). Relatively satisfactory results for the various FeP(Im)-AB bonding energies are obtained with the meta-GGA funtionals BLAP3 and Bmτ1; they yield E(bond) values of ca.1.1, 1.2, and 0.4 eV for AB = CO, NO, and O(2), respectively, which are in reasonable agreement with experimental data (0.78 - 0.85 eV for CO, 0.99 eV for NO, and 0.44 - 0.53 eV for O(2)). The other functionals show more or less deficiency for one or two of the systems. The performances of the various functionals in describing the spin-state energetics of the five-coordinate FeP(Im) complex were also examined.     

缺中子Np新核素的α衰变研究

合成远离稳定线的新核素、探索原子核存在的极限是目前核物理研究的重要课题。在中子壳N=126的最丰质子一侧,极端缺中子的超铀核素处于质子滴线和中子壳的交叉位置,合成和研究该核区核素对研究N=126壳结构的演化性质具有重要意义。基于兰州重离子加速器上的充气反冲核谱仪装置(SHANS),利用36,40Ar+185,187Re熔合蒸发反应,合成了极缺中子的219,220,223,224Np新核素,在中子壳N=126附近首次建立了Np同位素链的$ \alpha$衰变系统性,获得了N=126壳效应在Np同位素链中依然存在的实验证据。依据单质子分离能的系统性分析,确定了Np同位素链中质子滴线的位置,219Np也成为目前已知的最重的质子滴线外核素。此外,基于实验测量的反应截面,并与理论模型的计算结果相比较,讨论了进一步合成该核区其它新核素218,221,222Np的可行性。     

Imogolite类纳米管直径单分散性密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了三种imogolite类(未取代、NH₂取代和F取代)纳米管的直径单分散性及表面电荷的分布情况, 并从键长方面定性地解释了直径单分散性的原因. 我们给出了IMO, IMO_NH₂和IMO_F的应变能曲线, 结果表明三种纳米管结构的最稳定管径值按照IMO < IMO_NH₂ < IMO_F的顺序递增, 而imogolite类纳米管直径单分散性是由于管径的增大导致内部Si–O, Al–O键与外部Al-OH键键长变化趋势相反造成的, 总之是内部Si–O, Al–O 键和外部Al–OH键相互作用的结果. 此外, 对三种稳定的纳米管结构做了Mulliken布局分析, 并总结了纳米管直径变化对表面电荷的影响. 结果表明正电荷主要积聚在外表面, 而内表面则感应出负电荷, 同时随着纳米管直径的增大表面电荷逐渐增加, 揭示了表面电荷与管径大小的关系. 研究表明, 可以通过改变imogolite内表面不同的官能化取代来控制纳米管直径, 进而调节表面电荷的分布情况, 这在imogolite类材料的分子设计及应用方面有着重要意义.     

均苯三甲酸铕掺杂配合物的合成及其荧光性能

合成了两个系列的均苯三甲酸铕配合物。其一是以均苯三甲酸(H3btc)为配体,Eu3+及掺杂过渡金属Zn2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、N i2+为中心离子的配合物;其二是以均苯三甲酸、邻菲啰啉(Phen)为配体,Eu3+及掺杂Y3+、La3+、Gd3+为中心离子的异核稀土配合物。对配合物进行了元素分析、差热-热重、红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光寿命及荧光性能等方面的测试分析。配合物的组成分别为:EuL.6H2O(1)、EuLL1.′5.2H2O(2)、Eu0.5Y0.5LL1.′5.3H2O(3)、Eu0.5La0.5LL1.′5.3H2O(4)、Eu0.5Gd0.5LL1.′5.3H2O(5)、EuZnLC l2(C2H5OH)2.2H2O(6)、EuCdLC l2-(C2H5OH)2.5.2H2O(7)、EuMnLC l2(C2H5OH)2.2H2O(8)、EuN iLC l2(C2H5OH)2.2H2O(9)(其中L=btc,L′=Phen)。均苯三甲酸的羧酸氧原子和邻菲啰啉的氮原子与稀土离子配位。差热-热重的测试结果表明,均苯三甲酸-邻菲啰啉异核稀土配合物的分解温度为490℃,铕掺杂过渡金属配合物分解温度为450℃,两类配合物的最终分解产物均为氧化物。荧光光谱的测试结果表明,三元配合物EuLL1.′5.2H2O(2)的荧光强度明显高于二元配合物EuL.2H2O(1);配合物(3)、(4)、(6)、(7)中,Y3+、La3+、Zn2+、Cd2+无未充满的d层或f层电子,对Eu3+的荧光有增强作用;配合物(5)中的Gd3+有4 f7半充满稳定电子层结构,对Eu3+的荧光也有增强作用。在配合物(8)和(9)中,Mn2+和N i2+的未充满d层电子消耗配体吸收的能量,对Eu3+的荧光有猝灭作用。