硅烷化光纤表面微结构成分的扫描电镜及能谱仪联用表征

采用扫描电镜和能谱仪检测细小的硅烷化光纤表面微结构成分,表征了光纤与3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)的耦合.能谱分析显示,未硅烷化的光纤表面无碳原子,而硅烷化的光纤表面含有碳原子,其碳原子质量分数为13.74%、16.72%,说明在细小光纤表面上耦合了APTES.经扫描电镜与能谱联用表征光纤表面微结构成分发现,不同表面检测微区域,碳的质量分数不同.探讨了硅烷化的光纤与吖啶橙(AO)的相互作用,并考察了酸性介质对其荧光强度的影响.结果表明:硅烷化的光纤与吖啶橙相互作用发出荧光,证明硅烷化的光纤表面有活性基团;经稀盐酸洗涤后,荧光强度减弱,表明光纤表面的活性基团与AO通过非共价键结合.研究表明,两种方法均能表征细小光纤或纳米光纤与硅烷双功能剂的耦合,以及光纤生物传感器敏感元件的靶分子检测.     

硅烷化环糊精和硅烷化聚合物环糊精的衍生物制备及其色谱行为

１引言环糊精作为一种选择性固定相发展十分迅速。天然环糊精熔点高，成膜性差，常将其进行衍生化，但是一般衍生化方法非常繁琐。本文提出一种新的β－环糊精修饰方法，用硅烷化试剂对环糊精进行衍生。此法操作简便，与其它固定液混合制柱，能对异构体进行很好的分离。另外，利用此种方法还制备了硅烷化的低聚环糊精．将这两种硅烷化修饰的环糊精涂渍在硫酸钡改性的毛细管上，获得了高的柱效，对异构体显示了较强的分离能力。２实验部分２．１仪器和试剂５０２气相色谱仪（鲁南化工仪器厂）；ＮＥＹ１００超声振荡器（美国）；ＭＣＴ－１Ａ…     

一个改进的本科生化学综合设计实验——乙醇代替甲苯作溶剂硅烷化玻璃基片制备静电自组装薄膜

在本科生化学综合设计实验中用乙醇代替甲苯作溶剂硅烷化玻璃基片,成功地制备了H4PW12O40和双偶极半菁衍生物的有机-无机杂化静电自组装多层膜,使实验更环保、经济和省时。     

六苯基硅烷-聚乙烯醇荧光复合薄膜的制备及传感性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA) 高分子凝胶薄膜为基质, 将有机小分子发光染料六苯基硅烷(HPS) 纳米粒子掺杂到PVA薄膜内, 利用HPS的聚集诱导发射效应和凝胶薄膜的基质效应制备得到一种新型荧光薄膜. 扫描电子显微镜观察发现该薄膜具有典型的三维网络结构; 静态荧光光谱监测表明, 薄膜荧光性能稳定, 且荧光发射来自于无定形态和结晶态的HPS纳米粒子, 其中无定形态发射居多; 传感实验表明, 该薄膜对芳香族化合物气体表现出了灵敏的传感性, 灵敏度和猝灭效率取决于有机溶剂的挥发速度和薄膜的表面结构; 结合荧光寿命测定结果和HPS纳米粒子的发光机理, 推测芳香族化合物对薄膜荧光的猝灭源自其对HPS聚集体的解聚集作用; 实验还表明, 该薄膜对此类气体的传感呈现出良好的可逆性.     

微米/纳米结构对氟硅烷修饰氧化铝表面疏水性能的影响

以多孔氧化铝膜为基板,用NaOH溶液进行化学腐蚀,控制适当的条件,得到氧化铝微米/纳米表面结构.用氟硅烷分别修饰光滑氧化铝膜、多孔氧化铝膜及其微米/纳米结构表面,进行接触角测试、XPS成分分析和SEM结构表征.结果表明,氟硅烷修饰的微米/纳米结构表面对水的接触角(149°±2°)比光滑表面(101°±1°)和纳米孔洞结构表面(141°±2°)都高.     

醇(酚)羟基的硅烷化保护与去保护研究进展

醇(酚)羟基的硅烷化保护是一类重要的有机合成手段,目的在于使羟基稳定化,消除或减轻其引起的副反应。保护基中硅原子连接的基团空间位阻越小,该保护基的反应活性越大,生成的相应硅醚的稳定性则越差,在弱酸或弱碱的条件下即可脱除;硅原子连接的基团越大,该保护基的反应活性则越小,硅醚化反应越难发生,需要借助催化剂才能进行。本文尽可能全面地论述了有机硅烷保护基的类型,如三甲基硅烷、三乙基硅烷、叔丁基二甲基硅烷、三异丙基硅烷、苯基取代硅烷和桥型硅烷等,并讨论了其在不同环境下的活性及稳定性。     

硅烷化聚氨酯复合催化剂的研究

以聚丙二醇、TDI、N-正丁基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和蒙脱土为主要原料,采用原位聚合方法研究了蒙脱土和有机铋化合物对环境友好和储存稳定的硅烷化聚氨酯催化作用.通过滴定法测试了反应体系中异氰酸根(NCO)含量的变化,发现蒙脱土可以催化NCO与OH的反应,且与有机铋化合物具有协同效应,利用在线红外分析仪证实了蒙脱土的催化...     

可湿气固化的硅烷化聚醚的研究

以聚醚多元醇为原料 ,通过聚氨酯预聚体的方法制得了可湿气固化的硅烷化聚醚 ,研究了温度和时间对反应的影响 ,以及不同NCO/OH比值对固化物力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,固化后形成的弹性体的不同力学性能可通过调节不同NCO/OH的比值而获得     

1H NMR快速定量测定咔啦咪星B硅烷化反应的硅烷化程度

当作为内标的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺醛基氢的积分面积与已知浓度的HMDS氢的积分面积相近时,定量分析HMDS的相对误差为0．35％。在咔啦咪星B的硅烷化反应中应用^1H NMR技术快速测定HMDS和HMDSO的百分含量,其RSD分别为2．42％和5．31％。硅烷化反应10．5h时,咔啦咪星B引入9个—Si(CH3)3基团;反应14h时,咔啦咪星B已完全硅烷化。^1HNMR技术是一种快速而准确地跟踪咔啦咪星B硅烷化反应的手段。     

硅烷化处理的纳米ZSM-5的结构表征及催化性能

采用多次浸渍法和化学反应沉积法对纳米HZSM-5分子筛外表面进行了硅烷化处理,考察了改性后纳米ZSM-5对甲苯歧化的催化活性.采用改进的Hammett指示剂法和吡啶吸附红外光谱研究了催化剂的酸性位,采用X射线衍射和29Si MASNMR对催化剂的结构进行了表征.研究结果表明,硅烷化处理降低了纳米ZSM-5酸性位的浓度,从而降低了纳米ZSM-5的催化活性.硅烷化处理还减少了纳米ZSM-5中Si的Q4物种,降低了纳米ZSM-5的相对结晶度,同时硅烷化处理产生了脱铝作用.骨架铝含量的减少导致催化剂的酸性位减少,催化活性降低.     

Functionalization of Silicon Nanoparticles via Silanization: Alkyl, Halide and Ester

The feasibility of using silanization as a general tool to functionalize the surface of silicon nanoparticles (NPs) has been investigated in detail. Silicon NPs were prepared from reduction of silicon tetrachloride with sodium naphthalide. The terminal chloride on the surface of as-synthesized particles was substituted by methanol and water, in sequence. The particles were then silanized by octyltrichlorosilane, 11-bromoundecyltrichlorosilane, or 2-(carbomethoxy)ethyltrichlorosilane. These treatments yielded alkyl-, bromo-, or ester-termini on NP surfaces, respectively. The NPs were characterized by TEM, NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis, and PL spectroscopy. Changes of termination groups brought various functionalities to the NPs, without loss of the photophysics of the original NPs.     

Submicron hard X-ray fluorescence imaging of synthetic elements

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) using hard X-rays focused into sub-micron spots is a powerful technique for elemental quantification and mapping, as well as microspectroscopic measurements such as μ-XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure). We have used XFM to image and simultaneously quantify the transuranic element plutonium at the L₃ or L₂-edge as well as Th and lighter biologically essential elements in individual rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells after exposure to the long-lived plutonium isotope ²⁴²Pu. Elemental maps demonstrate that plutonium localizes principally in the cytoplasm of the cells and avoids the cell nucleus, which is marked by the highest concentrations of phosphorus and zinc, under the conditions of our experiments. The minimum detection limit under typical acquisition conditions with an incident X-ray energy of 18 keV for an average 202 μm² cell is 1.4 fg Pu or 2.9 × 10⁻²⁰ moles Pu μm⁻², which is similar to the detection limit of K-edge XFM of transition metals at 10 keV. Copper electron microscopy grids were used to avoid interference from gold X-ray emissions, but traces of strontium present in naturally occurring calcium can still interfere with plutonium detection using its L_α X-ray emission.     

Facilitated Ion Transfer Across the Micro-liquid/Liquid Interface Supported at the Tip of a Silanized Micropipette

IntroductionIon transfer across a liquid/liquid( L/L) inter-face or an interface between two immiscible elec-trolyte solutions( ITIES) plays a significant role inmany biochemical fields and technological systemsfrom biological membrane and drug delivery to ex-traction process and chemical sensors[1] . Theminiaturization of ITIESwas firstachieved by Tay-lor and Girault via supporting the interface at thetip of a micropipette in1 986[2 ] .Later on a nano-ITIES supported at a nanopipette …     

Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Submicron CrO2 Thin Film on Poly-crystal TiO2 Film

The submicron chromium dioxide(CrO₂) thin film was fabricated on a poly-crystal titania(TiO₂) film using Si wafers as substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method. X-Ray diffraction patterns show that the CrO₂ films were pure rutile structure. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicate that the CrO₂ films consisted of submicron grains with a grain size of 250―750 nm. The magnetic researches reveal that the magnetic easy axis is parallel to the films, and at room temperature, the CrO₂ films show linear magnetoresistance.     

STM针尖诱导铜表面纳米刻蚀与沉积

扫描隧道显微技术 ( STM)不但可在小至原子分辩的尺度上现场研究电极表面及其结构变化 ,还能对电极表面进行纳米尺度上的加工、修饰 [1～ 3] .由于 STM探针与被研究样品的表面仅相距～ 1 nm,探针附近区域电极 /溶液界面的结构和性质将不可避免地受到影响 .尽管人们已认识到针尖与样品表面不可忽视的相互作用 ,但利用该相互作用诱导纳米区域电化学反应的研究还很少 ,仅有半导体 Si[4～ 7] 和 Ga As[8] 表面基于强电场诱导或空穴注入的 STM针尖诱导纳米刻蚀等的报道 .本文在控制铜的电位负于其热力学平衡电位 ( Nernst电位 )的情况下 ,…     

飞秒激光改性玻璃微结构的化学腐蚀特性研究

采用飞秒激光改性-化学腐蚀的方法, 分别研究了3种典型玻璃的化学腐蚀性能. 通过测试材料的微观结构, 分析了不同材料的腐蚀速率与脉冲能量及腐蚀时间的关系, 从材料组成、显微结构及化学键特征讨论了玻璃改性-腐蚀机理. 结果表明, 飞秒激光改性后的碲酸盐和PbO硅酸盐玻璃不具有选择性腐蚀特性, 而石英玻璃的选择性腐蚀比高于40; 飞秒激光改性玻璃的选择性腐蚀特性与材料结构有关, 分子体积大、网络结构不紧密的材料不具有选择腐蚀特性.     

酞菁裂解法多壁碳纳米管的制备、表征和应用

In order to investigate the catalytic activity of high temperature treated CoPc toward oxygen reduction, and find the active site of the catalyst, using cobalt (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine (CoPc) as raw material, through thermal chemical vapor deposition method at 850℃ under a current of Ar/H2, two layer well-aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were made. The diameters of the well-aligned carbon nanotubes were distributed in the range of 60～120 nm and the length was about 40 μm. The Co particle with 10 nm in diameter was encapsulated in the CNTs compartment. The products were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The well-aligned carbon nanotubes were characteriszed by Raman scattering spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cyclic voltammetric measurement demonstrates that the CNTs have some effect to prevent the metal nanoparticle encapsulated from eroding rapidly. It is assumed that the small amount of the N element in the CNTs is very necessary for the bamboo-like morphology and the protected action for metal particles against dissolution in the acid medium. The radian of the winding wall should be affected by the amount of the N and the interaction between the N in the carbon network and the metal cluster. In addition, the CNTs greater electrochemically active surface area is a great advantage for any electrocatalytic application.     

亚微米级免疫磁球及其在细菌分离中的应用

以亚微米级的单分散磁性微球为基础,制备出了表面包被有沙门氏菌抗体的免疫磁球. 利用表面电位、荧光和ELISA等方法研究了抗体在磁性微球表面的吸附行为. 在沙门氏菌磁分离实验中,通过调节投料抗体的浓度,研究了免疫磁球表面抗体浓度和磁分离效率的相关性,与微米级商品化免疫磁球的对比中,亚微米级的免疫磁球表现出了更高的磁分离效率.     

一种可用于检测苦味酸的水溶性共轭聚合物荧光传感器的制备及应用

制备了一种高灵敏的水溶性荧光共轭聚合物(PPE-OBS), 将其用于苦味酸的荧光检测. 利用质谱、 核磁共振波谱和红外光谱等方法对PPE-OBS进行了表征, 并对其检测苦味酸的条件进行了优化. 结果表明, 在硼酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH=9.5)中作用20 min, 苦味酸对PPE-OBS荧光的猝灭效率最大. 在最优条件下, PPE-OBS检测苦味酸的线性范围为1.0~60 μmol/L(R²=0.999), 检出限为0.831 μmol/L(S/N=3). 将PPE-OBS制成荧光试纸用于检测环境样品中的苦味酸, 获得了较好的检测结果.