纳米分子筛ZSM-5的热稳定性研究

Nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and TEM techniques. The specific heat of the nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite was measured in the temperature range from 79 to 370 K, and its enhancement in specific heat was observed as compared with the corresponding microsized zeolite, indicating that the nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite possesses higher surface activity. The thermostability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. The DSC results showed that, for the nanosized ZSM 5, a broad exothermic peak is observed from 1?300 K; for the microsized ZSM 5, the corresponding exothermic peak begins at 1?400 K, and a distinct phase transition can be observed at 1?620 K. The TG results showed that, for the nanozised ZSM 5, the maximum mass loss ratio is 6 9%, and two mass loss stages can be observed in the temperature ranges of 298～663 K and 923～ 1?273 K, respectively; for the microsized ZSM 5, the maximum mass loss ratio is 6 5% and it is more stable than the nanosized ZSM 5.     

Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Structure and Catalytic Properties of ZSM-5 Zeolite

Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 zeolite samples pretreated with NaOH solution have been investigated. The samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, chemical analysis, and N2 adsorption.The results indicate that mesopores are created in ZSM-5 crystals under alkali treatment without change the microporous structure and acidic strength of the zeolite, but the crystallinity is greatly decreased under severe treatment. IR indicates that the concentration of silanol is greatly enriched by alkali treatment. The etherification activities of ZSM-5 zeolites are greatly increased byalkali-treatment. The noticeably improved catalytic activity of treated samples is ascribed to the formation of mesopores and greatly enriched silanol group.     

Synthesis and Characterization of ZSM-5/β Co-Crystalline Zeolite

ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolites with different content of ZSM-5 have been synthesized by adding different amount of ZSM-5 to the synthetic system of β zeolite with NaAlO2, silica sol as the source of aluminum and silica, respectively, and TEA as the template under controlled condition of the synthesis. The ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite was studied by XRD, SEM, BET and NH3-TPD. The reaction activity of toluene alkylation was investigated with a mixture of toluene-methanol as the feedstock in a pulse micro-reactor over the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite. It is found that ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite has two kinds of zeolite structure including ZSM-5 and β zeolite, not in the form of a physical mixture. The pore structure of ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolites is different from that for β zeolite, ZSM-5 and their physical mixture. In addition, the peaks of both high and low temperature desorption of ammonia over the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite shift 23 ℃ to lower temperatures and the acid amount of its strong acid is 3% more than the physical mixture. So the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite produces the highest content of xylene, which is 10.4% higher than the physical mixture. And the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite has better selectivity for toluene alkylation and weaker de-methylation than β zeolite, ZSM-5 and their physical mixture.     

Preparation of hierarchical mesoporous Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst and its application in MTG reaction

The hierarchical mesoporous Zn/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was prepared by NaOH treatment and Zn impregnation, and its application in the conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) was studied. N2 adsorption-desorption results showed that the mesopores with sizes of 2–20 nm in HZ5/0.3AT was formed by 0.3 M NaOH alkali treatment. The zeolite samples after modification were also characterized by XRF, AAS, XRD, SEM and NH3-TPD methods. Zn impregnated catalyst Zn/HZ5/0.3AT exhibited dramatic improvements in catalytic lifetime and liquid hydrocarbons yield. The selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons was also improved after Zn impregnation. It is suggested that the mesopores of Zn/HZ5/0.3AT enhanced the synergetic effect of Zn species and acid sites and the capability to coke tolerance, which were confirmed by the results of catalytic test and TGA analysis, respectively.     

含氟体系中DDR型分子筛的合成

DDR (Deca-dodecasil 3R) zeolite was synthesized hydrothermally in fluoride medium. The effects of synthesis conditions including the amount of KF, different fluoride sources and seeds on crystallization of DDR zeolite were investigated. The as-synthesized DDR zeolite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that DDR crystallization was strongly affected by n_KF/n_SiO2, fluoride sources and seeds. Pure DDR zeolite could be successfully obtained in n_KF/n_SiO2 range of 0.5～1 after 9 days of hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesis time was reduced to 1 day by adding small amount of seeds with yield approaching 100%.     

Toluene Alkylation to Selective Formation of p-Xylene over Co-Crystalline ZSM-12/ZSM-5 Catalyst

The alkylation of toluene with methanol to selective formation of p-xylene has been systematically studied. ZSM-12 (MTW)/ZSM-5 co-crystalline zeolite in 40:60 proportions have been synthesized by the same molar gel composition, but at different temperatures and periods than that of ZSM-12 and ZSM-5, separately. All the prepared samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and XRF. The activity of toluene alkylation was investigated with a mixture of toluene and methanol as a feed over the ZSM-12, ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline, ZSM-5, and physical mixture of ZSM-12/ZSM-5. Prom characterization, it is observed that the ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline material is different from that of ZSM-12, ZSM-5, and their physical mixture. Further, the ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline zeolite produces the highest content of xylene and has better selectivity for p-xylene than ZSM-12, ZSM-5, and their physical mixture.     

Dealuminated ZSM—5 Zeolite Catalyst for Ethylene Oligomerization to Liquid Fuels

Ethylene oligomerization using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated to study the role of Broensted acid sites in the formation of higher hydrocarbons,The oligomeriztion of olefins,dependent on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite ,is an important step in the conversion of natural gas to liquied fuels,The framework Si/Al ratio reflects the number of potential acid sites and the acid strength of the ZSM-5 catalyst,ZSM-5 with the mole ratio SiO2/Al2O3 equal to 30 was dealuminated for different periods of time according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios,The FT-IR analysis revealed that the integrated framework aluminum band,non-framework aluminum band,and silanol groups areas of the ZSM-5 zeolites decreased after being dealuminated,The performanc of the dealuminated zeolite was tested for ethylene oligomerization.The results demonstrated that the dealumination of ZSM-5 led to higher ethylene conversion,but the gasoline selectivity was reduced compared to the performance of a ZSM-5 zeolite ,The characterization results revealed the amount of aluminum in the zeolitic framework,the crystallinity of the ZSM-5 zeolite,and the Si/Al ration affected the formation of Broensted acid sites,The number of the Broensted acid sites on the catalyst active sites is important in the olefin conversion to liquied hydrocarbons.     

Fabrication of a nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores for conversion of methanol to gasoline

Carbon deposition during methanol to hydrocarbons leads to the quick deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst and it is one of the major problems for this technology. Decreasing the crystal size or introducing mesopores into ZSM-5 zeolites can improve its diffusion property and decrease the coke formation. In this paper, nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores combining the mesoporous and nanosized structure was fabricated. For comparison, the mesoporous ZSM-5 and nano-sized ZSM-5 were also prepared. These catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, TEM, Py-IR and TG techniques and used on the conversion of methanol to gasoline in a fixed-bed reactor at T = 405 °C, WHSV = 4.74 h-1and P = 1.0 MPa. It was found that the external surface area of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores reached 104 m2/g, larger than that of mesoporous ZSM-5(66 m2/g) and nanosized ZSM-5(76 m2/g). Catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores was 93 h, which was only longer than that of mesoporous ZSM-5(86 h), but shorter than that of nanosized ZSM-5(104 h). Strong acidity promoted the coke formation and thus decreased the catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores though it presented large external surface that could improve the diffusion property. The special zeolite catalyst was further dealuminated to decrease the strong acidity. After this, its coke formation rate was slowed and catalytic lifetime was prolonged to 106 h because of the large external surface area and decreased weak acidity. This special structural zeolite is a potential catalyst for methanol to gasoline reaction.     

Growth of ZSM-5 crystals within hollow β-zeolite

A zeolite composite composed of ZSM-5 andβ-zeolites has been synthesized by a procedure of the nucleation and crystallization of ZSM-5 zeolite in the hollowβ-zeolite.The property ofβ-zeolite crystals with aluminum-poor interior and aluminum-rich outer rim results in silicon extraction favorably in the aluminum-poor bulk rather than the aluminum-rich external surface.Subsequently,alkaline treatment ofβ-zeolite crystals during the second-step synthesis leads to a preferential dissolution of the aluminum-poor center and the formation of hollowβ-zeolite crystals.ZSM-5 zeolite crystals are therefore embedded and grown within the hollowβ-zeolite.The catalytic activities of Co-Hβ,Co-HZSM-5 and Co-HZSM-5/BEA are investigated during the reaction of methane catalytic reduction NO in the presence of O₂.     

The effects of alkali metal(Na+,K+) on the exchange degree of Hβ zeolite and the catalytic properties of the alkalized zeolites

The effects of alkali metals (Na+,K+) on the exchange degree of Hβ zeolite under different conditions and the conversion of α(or β)-methylnaphthalene over the alkalized zeolites were studied. The results showed that the H+ of Hβ zeolite is totally replaced by the Na+ of NaCl solution, while partially exchanged by the K+ of KC1 solution, there is an exchange equilibrium between the H+ and K+ for Hβ zeolite (Si/Al=17.23) and the value of equilibrium is 88.39. The exchange degree also increases with increasing the Si/Al of the samples. It was suggested that these resluts are attributed to the electrostatic field in the pore of Hβ zeolite and the nature of zeolite and the properties of alkali metal. The isomerization of α(or β)-methylnaphthalene is the main reaction over the samples and it is more favour on the proper acid-base sites of KHβ zeolite.     

低品质汽油性质新型催化剂的研制

With the development of automotive industry, the consumption of fuels has been steadily on the increase. The emission of tail gas becomes greater and greater, and the air pollution has been increasingly serious[1,2].     

ZSM-5分子筛吸附分离对二乙苯的研究

本文用动态法就对二乙苯在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上的吸附进行了研究，考察了温度、脉冲进料量、解吸剂的流速、解吸剂的性质等对分离效果的影响，确定了最佳操作条件：温度为２００℃～２３０℃，常压，以甲苯为解吸剂，解吸剂流量 ２５０～３５０Ｋｇ／ｍ２·ｈ，对二乙苯的单程收率为 ６０％，纯度＞９５％。     

ZSM—5分子筛吸附分离对二乙苯的研究

本文用动态法对二乙苯在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上的吸附进行了研究，考察了温度，脉冲进料量，解吸剂的流速，解吸剂的性质等分离效果的影响，确定了最佳操作条件：温度为２００℃￣２３０℃，常压，以甲苯为解吸剂，解吸剂流量２５０￣３５０Ｋｇ／ｍ＾２·ｈ。对二乙苯的单程收率为６０，纯度〉９５％。     

分步晶化法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料

通过分步晶化水热处理的方式合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。研究了两种分子筛凝胶的混合方式、调节ZSM-5母液的酸类型、SAPO-5凝胶组成以及晶化时间对复合材料形成的影响。实验结果表明,简单将两种分子筛的合成凝胶混合不能得到复合材料。采用H₂SO₄调节ZSM-5合成母液的pH值,在ZSM-5与SAPO-5理论质量比为3.5、SAPO-5凝胶中P₂O₅与Al₂O₃摩尔比为1.2的条件下可以得到ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。但样品中含有少量无定形物质,这些无定形通过延长晶化时间并不能完全消除。     

高效ZSM-5-L二元复合分子筛的合成及正戊烷芳构化性能

通过优化水热陈化条件制备纳米L沸石,再采用水热合成结合原位二次晶化法,合成具有微-介复合孔结构的高效ZSM-5-L二元复合分子筛.考察了体系pH、二次晶化温度等因素对ZSM-5-L复合分子筛合成的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对复合分子筛进行表征,确定了最佳复合条件:pH=10.5~11.5,晶化温度170℃,晶化时间24 h.ZSM-5-L复合分子筛具有不同于ZSM-5沸石、L沸石及两者机械混合物的物性特征,且具有微-介复合孔结构.以正戊烷催化转化为探针反应,评价了ZSM-5-L复合分子筛轻烃芳构化反应性能.在相同反应条件下,ZSM-5-L复合分子筛具有优于2种单分子筛及二者机械混合物的正戊烷芳构化催化性能.     

甲醇制丙烯:最重要的催化剂及其性能

由于世界范围内原油缺乏和丙烯需求量增长,在甲醇转化制烃类的不同路线中,甲醇制丙烯(MTP)过程得到发展.本文讨论了催化剂结构对MTP工艺条件的影响以及分子筛酸性、晶粒尺寸、中孔特性和拓扑结构等因素对催化剂催化MTP反应活性和选择性的影响.     

ZSM—5担载铱催化1—己烯氢甲酰化Ⅱ.催化剂选择性及动力学

采用离子交换法制得的rZSM-5催化剂在催化1－己烯氢甲酰化反应中，副反应己烯加氢生成正己烷较多。用三苯基膦和甲醛在CO／H2反应气中对催化剂进行改性，产物醛的选择性显著提高。CO、H2吸附研究结果表明，改性使催化剂对H2的不可逆吸附及Vco/VH2比降低，而使其对CO的吸附变得完全可逆。反应动力研究表明，总压对改性后催化的活必, 明显影响，但产物醛的正／异比按总压升高而降低。CO分压升高有利于醛的生成和正／异比的提高。提高反应温度和选择性，正／异比降低。通过非线性回归分析，建立速率方程如下：r=kC^0.9 C6 P^0.99H2P^-1.5CO活化能E＝43.1kJ/mol.     

EFFECT OF SOLVENT ON ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS

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ZSM-5酸改性对甲醇芳构化性能的影响

利用硝酸、草酸和酒石酸溶液对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性,并采用XRD、SEM、NH₃-TPD、XRF、²⁷Al MAS NMR、吡啶吸附红外光谱和N₂吸附-脱附对ZSM-5分子筛结构、酸量、比表面积及孔体积等物化性质进行表征分析。在反应温度为422℃,甲醇质量空速为4.74 h^-1的条件下,考察了ZSM-5分子筛的催化活性。结果表明,采用不同酸改性ZSM-5分子筛,影响了分子筛的比表面积、酸性及孔体积,从而改变了催化剂的催化性能。在甲醇芳构化（MTA）反应中,酸改性后的分子筛表现出良好的催化活性,且草酸改性后的催化剂表现出较高的催化活性及选择性,反应8 h时,芳烃及BTX收率分别达到57.40%和39.40%。     

ZSM-5沸石膜的吸附表征

The framework and thickness of synthesized ZSM-5 membranes were characterized using static and dynamic adsorption methods. It is shown that the adsorptive properties of the membranes are the same as ZSM-5 zeolite, the average thickness of the membranes was 13 μm calculated from the adsorptive ability, which matched very well with the result measured by scanning electron micrograph. The results also shown that zeolite membranes have greated adsorptive ability than zeolite powders. The high Si/Al rate zeolite membranes have selective ability on ethanol/water, and this interpreted the separation of ethanol-water mixtures with the membranes.