Flame Plasma Diagnostic Techniques

Experimental methods for studying ion concentrations, free electron concentrations and other plasma properties of laboratory flames and rocket flames are briefly reviewed. The methods include microwave techniques, electrostatic probe methods, mass-spectrometry and spectrophotometry. Short bibliographies are provided to help the plasma chemist unfamiliar with the literature of combustion chemistry to identify quickly those papers in the field likely to be of interest to him.     

Auroral Kilometric Radiation as a Diagnostic Tool for the Properties of the Magnetosphere

JETP Letters - Auroral kilometric radiation is used as a tool for the remote diagnostics of processes in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using satellite data and the spectrum of fluctuations of...     

EPR as a Diagnostic Tool To Verify Semiempirical Simulation of the Reactivity of Nitrones as Spin Traps

The application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to verify the results of quantum chemical calculations is demonstrated. By using semiempirical MNDO/PM3 procedures and molecular mechanics MM2, it is possible to predict some characteristics of spin trapping with nitrones as spin traps, for example, the position of radical addition to a nitrone, probability of the spin adduct to be formed, and the stability of the spin adduct. Authors' address: Fedor N. Dultsev, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation     

The Fluctuation Theorem as a Gibbs Property

Common ground to recent studies exploiting relations between dynamical systems and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is, so we argue, the standard Gibbs formalism applied on the level of space-time histories. The assumptions (chaoticity principle) underlying the Gallavotti–Cohen fluctuation theorem make it possible, using symbolic dynamics, to employ the theory of one-dimensional lattice spin systems. The Kurchan and Lebowitz–Spohn analysis of this fluctuation theorem for stochastic dynamics can be restated on the level of the space-time measure which is a Gibbs measure for an interaction determined by the transition probabilities. In this note we understand the fluctuation theorem as a Gibbs property, as it follows from the very definition of Gibbs state. We give a local version of the fluctuation theorem in the Gibbsian context and we derive from this a version also for some class of spatially extended stochastic dynamics.     

利用人工神经网络进行激光等离子体诊断

利用前馈神经网络对激光等离子体打靶实验中所得的Ｘ光光谱数据进行处理，可以方便地球出等离子体的电子温度和电子密度等参数。在对网络的训练时采用误差信号反向传输算法，训练后的神经网络能够有效地对Ｘ光光谱数据进行处理，文中给出了用此法算出的Ｍｇ等离子体电子温度和电子密度的空间分布轮廓，与用传统方法所得的结果完全吻合。     

Measurements of Plasma Potential and Electron Temperature Fluctuation in a Low‐Temperature Magnetized Plasma

Measurements of fluctuations of plasma potential and electron temperature in a toroidal magnetized plasma is carried out by applying a cylindrical probe with insulating end plugs oriented parallel to the B‐field in conjunction with another cylindrical probe oriented perpendicularly. Coherency and cross‐phase between and are estimated, and typically have values close to 0.6 and π respectively. Power‐law spectra are found for frequencies well above the poloidal rotation frequency with spectral index typically around 4.0 for and around 2.5 for . The density gradient is above the threshold for flute interchange instability, and the results are consistent with theory and global numerical simulations of this plasma.     

等离子体中Hα辐射强度涨落的相干结构

采用8道光学纤维成像系统测量了CT-6B托卡马克等离子体中Hα强度的涨落,并使用双正交分解技术(Biorthogonal decomposition method)对涨落信号进行了分析。得到了表征相干结构的权重元素,进一步给出了等离子体湍流中相干结构在时间上的变化和空间上的分布。提取出的主要模式包含了原始信号中相应时刻的大部分相干结构,并从中发现在相邻两道或几道信号中有较强的相干结构,表明此相干结构在空间上局部地存在于等离子体湍流中。结果对托卡马克等离子体研究具有重要意义。     

Magnetic Fluctuation Measurement in Sino United Spherical Tokamak Plasma

To investigate the magnetic fluctuations and for further transport study, the poloidal and radial magnetic field t is conducted on the Sino United Spherical Tokamak （SUNIST）. Auto-power spectral density indicares that the magnetic fiuctuation energy mainly concentrates in the frequency region lower than lO kttz. The magnetic field oscillations, which are characterized by harmonic frequencies of 40 kHz, are observed in the scrape- off layer; by contrast, in the plasma core, the magnetic fluctuations are of Gaussian type. The time-frequency profiles show that the poloidal magnetic fluctuations are temporally intermittent. The autocorrelation calculation indicates that the fluctuations in decorrelation time vary between the core and the edge.     

Nanoindentation as a Tool for High-Resolution Dendrochronology

Russian Physics Journal -     

电弧等离子体射流核脉动的实验研究

电弧等离子体射流中的湍流是等离子体射流的典型物理现象之一，而以往的研究认为射流存在一个处于稳定状态的核心区域，也有人认为这个状态是层流的。本文采用电弧等离子光谱诊断及数字高速摄影的方法对常压电弧等离子体射流核进行了研究，采用了傅里叶变换的方法分析弧电压和射流光谱强度信号，发现电源的交流分量和阳极弧点运动对整个射流核的脉动特性都有体现，射流并不存在一个处于稳定状态的核心区域，相反谱线强度脉动图中可以看到，射流核的脉动是由电弧电压脉动造成的，这可能是射流核脉动的最主要原因。     

Lanthanide-Sensitized Luminescence as a Promising Tool in Clinical Analysis

Abstract

The recent applications and novelties of lanthanide-sensitized luminescence (LSL) as a detection technique in clinical analysis are here reviewed. In LSL, lanthanide ions form complexes with organic compounds; in these complexes, the energy absorbed by the organic chromophore (usually the analyte) at its characteristic excitation wavelength is transferred to a triplet state of the molecule and then transferred to a resonance level of the lanthanide ion, which finally emits luminescence at its particular emission wavelength. The characteristics of this process will be reviewed and particular attention will be paid to the development of automatic methods of analysis, fluorescence probes, or flow-through optosensors, due to their potential applications in clinical analysis. A critical discussion of the advantages and handicaps of each analytical method is done and the trends of analytical chemistry in this research field are also presented.     

One-Dimensional World as a Tool to Study Chiral Effects

JETP Letters - An analog of the chiral separation effect and the chiral magnetic effect has been studied for fermions in one spatial dimension. The relation of these effects to axial anomaly in the...     

29Si NMR as a Tool for Studying Silicones

Compounds containing the Si—O—Si linkage are important both in geochemistry and for commercially produced materials. They occur in a wide range of physical states; it is particularly common to find them as “pseudo-solids,” i.e., as glasses, gels, rubbers, and resins. Unfortunately, it has not been easy to obtain detailed information about molecular structure and motion for silicones. This is partly due to the complexity of many of the systems—for instance, a typical commercially produced silicone fluid contains a range of species with various molecular weights. Effects of copolymerization, tacticity, cross-linking, and segmental motion may complicate matters.     

Radioactive Ion Implantation as a Tool for Wear Measurements

The present paper deals with ion implantation of radioactive krypton ions in surfaces with aim of measuring wear of different magnetic materials in sound-heads.

The techniques is especially suited for a relatively fast comparison of wear-characteristics of materials of varying composition in small inaccessible areas.

In the present case utilisation of a 60 KeV accelerator allows determination of a total wear as small as 0.05 μm with an accuracy of 10%. Further the technique yields information of the time dependence of the wear process with an accuracy less than 0.001 μm.     

Production of Capacitively Coupled Atmospheric Plasma Jet With Multiring Electrodes for the Medical Plasma Tool

An atmospheric capacitively coupled plasma jet has been developed by using multiring-electrode configurations for medical applications. It was found that the discharge conditions for plasma-jet production expanded with the increase of the number of pairs of multiring electrodes. The length of the plasma jet increased with the increase of the injected power and helium-gas flow rate. The temperature of the plasma jet, measured by a thermocouple, decreased with the increase of gas flow rate and was then attained to be around 50 $^{circ}hbox{C}$ at a helium flow rate of 30 L/min. Optical measurements of plasma-jet emission showed various optical emissions from helium atoms, nitrogen atoms, hydroxyl radicals, and metal atoms originating from the electrode material.      

Infrared Difference Spectroscopy as a Physical Tool to Study Biomolecules

Abstract

This brief review focuses on the information that can be obtained for biomolecules, especially proteins, by using the technique infrared-induced difference spectroscopy.     

Glow Discharge as a Tool for Surface and Interface Analysis

Abstract

This review article focuses on the analytical capabilities of glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD‐OES) and mass spectrometry (GD‐MS) to perform compositional depth profiling (GD‐CDP). The properties of the Grimm‐type glow discharge as well as basic processes of sputtering are described and their influence on the GD as a surface and interface analytical tool are discussed. A series of examples from recent literature ranging from computer hard disks to molecular monolayers on copper substrates are presented to illustrate the excellent depth resolution that can be achieved with GD surface analytical techniques. The conditions for obtaining nanometer or even atomic‐layer depth resolution are discussed. Following this introduction is the possibilities of the technique a selection of applications principally chosen from our laboratories, demonstrating that GD‐OES and GD‐MS can be successfully employed as an analytical tool assisting the development of new materials and coatings. The applications cover common industrial tasks such as heat treatments, studies of diffusion processes at interfaces, and electrochemical depositions for biocompatible material. However, limitations and known artifacts are also discussed.