粗糙表面滑动轴承非牛顿介质润滑的计算

分析了轴承润滑中非牛顿介质的流变特性以及轴承表面形貌对润滑效果的影响,推导出了修正的雷诺方程,在方程中用差分粘度和第一正应力差函数表征非牛顿介质的流变特性,采用流量因子表征表面形貌的作用.结果表明:差分粘度的变化是影响润滑结果的主要因素,它取决于不同介质的动态参数和剪切频率范围,非牛顿介质润滑的承载力并非总高于或低于牛顿介质;在动载荷条件下,第一正应力差效应使油膜压力明显增大;影响流量因子的2个因素为表面形貌的粗糙度和纹理,但其作用远小于非牛顿介质流变特性的影响.     

钢表面钼沉积及渗硫复合改性层的摩擦学性能

采用多弧离子镀及低温离子渗硫复合镀渗工艺在45^#钢表面制备了含MoS2的钼基复合表面改性薄膜，在QP-100型球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考查了复合薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能．用原子力显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜表面、截面和其磨损表面形貌及成分，用X射线衍射仪及俄歇电子能谱仪分析了薄膜的相结构及组成元素沿深度分布．结果表明，含MoS2的复合镀渗薄膜由Mo、MoS2及少量FeS组成，其在油润滑条件下同轴承钢对摩时表现出优良的摩擦学性能．     

45#钢表面复合润滑结构的制备及其摩擦性能研究

采用激光微加工技术在45#钢表面制备了微坑型织构,将激光表面织构化与MoS2固体润滑剂相结合在45#钢表面制备了复合润滑结构.研究了其在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,考察了织构面密度及织构化微坑大小对其摩擦性能的影响.通过扫描电镜与能量色散谱仪对磨斑表面进行了分析.结果表明:与未织构面相比,织构面具有低而稳定的摩擦系数和高的耐磨寿命;对同一孔径织构面,随着织构密度的增加其表面摩擦系数随之减小,较适宜的织构密度为20%～35%;对同一织构面密度,当织构面密度小于20%时,较小孔径织构面的摩擦系数更低;织构面密度增至35%后,织构面摩擦系数则随孔径增大而减小;由于织构面复合润滑结构中的微坑有效地储存了润滑剂从而在摩擦过程中维持表面润滑薄膜的形成.     

轻载径向滑动轴承中Taylor涡动的产生和影响研究

本文用原始变量法直接求解了三维的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，计算分析了高速旋转有限长圆柱轴承中油膜层流失稳产生涡动的临界Ｔａｙｌｏｒ数及流场、压力场和摩擦阻力。轴承端部泄油量等的变化。结果表明，在有限长同心圆柱轴承中，随着轴旋转速度的提高，轴承磨擦阻力线性增大，油膜层流失稳出现的涡动增加轴承摩擦阻力并减少轴承端部泄油量，油膜层流失稳后，轴承长度方向均匀地排列着一些流体涡，涡动的强度从轴承中间截面向轴承端部逐渐减弱     

Cu663合金表面石墨-铜三维复合润滑层的构筑与摩擦学性能研究

借助激光微加工技术,将柔性石墨纸加工成规则排列的多孔结构,利用多孔柔性石墨纸在Cu663合金表面构筑石墨-铜三维复合润滑层结构. 分别考察了表面石墨-铜三维复合润滑层在干摩擦和海水腐蚀环境下的摩擦学性能,并揭示了摩擦磨损机理和腐蚀机理. 结果表明:该三维复合润滑层结构具有优异的自润滑性能,且通过改变纹理图案和尺寸参数可有效调控其摩擦学性能. 当Cu663合金表面三维复合润滑层石墨表面密度为50%时,干摩擦条件下的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.14 ± 0.01和(5.10 ± 1.33) ×10?6 mm3/(Nm),相较于无润滑层的Cu663样品摩擦系数0.53和磨损率(2.97 ± 0.57) ×10?4 mm3/(Nm)分别降低73%和2个数量级. 在海水腐蚀环境中,表面石墨-铜三维复合润滑层的铜与石墨纸界面产生微弱电极,对三维复合润滑层的腐蚀摩擦性能起到至关重要的作用.      

变阶梯结构自适应径向滑动轴承的研究

分析了变阶梯结构自适应径向滑动轴承膜压力的形成机理,并建立了二段油膜形耦合变形阶梯结构的流量控制方程,采用有限差分法交叉循环迭代求解了油压力的雷诺方程和变阶梯结构的流量控制方程,比较了设计参数对这咎径向滑动轴承的最小油膜厚度、压力分布、承载能力、摩擦阻力等性能和温升的影响,研究结果表明;合理地选择设计参数可以使得这种滑动轴承具有较好的润滑性能和承载特性。     

滑动轴承二维动态摩擦接触的分析研究

应用边界单元法研究了滑动轴承动态摩擦时的接触力学性质,揭示了接触压力分布的不对称性;讨论了载荷,摩擦系数等因素对不对称性的影响,认为摩擦系数可使峰值接触压力降低和接触面积增加,增大载荷会使接触压力分布的不对称性更为明显,接触压力分布的不对称意味着磨损分布的不对称。同时分析了实际工作中滑动轴承摩擦副间的当量摩擦系数,指出在滑动试验研究中应采了当量摩擦系数。     

基于声发射监测的静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障诊断的实验研究

在利用振动信号诊断静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障的基础上，利用声发射监测方法对静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障进行诊断．研究表明，与振动信号相比，声发射信号的频率响应范围更宽，所包含的信息量更大，能较好地反映轴承的摩擦规律，故障特征明显，易于识别，参数稳定性较好，因而可以更有效地诊断静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障．     

沟槽型织构化表面摩擦噪声特性试验研究

用电火花加工方法在制动盘蠕墨铸铁材料表面加工出不同沟槽宽度和间距的沟槽型表面织构,在自行研制的新型摩擦噪声试验装置上,采用球-平面接触方式,选取直径10 mm的GCr15球为对摩副,对沟槽型织构表面和光滑表面进行摩擦噪声对比试验,研究沟槽型织构对摩擦噪声的影响.结果表明:本试验条件下沟槽型表面织构的尺寸及分布对摩擦噪声具有重要影响,一定尺寸及分布的织构表面可明显降低摩擦噪声.本试验条件下的摩擦噪声产生主要归因于接触表面的不平顺、磨屑层不均匀分布以及犁削作用等界面因素,这些因素导致了界面摩擦力高频成分的产生,当其与系统的自然频率耦合时,将引起摩擦系统强烈的自激振动并最终产生摩擦噪声.而摩擦界面存在尺寸分布合理的沟槽型表面织构,将能提高界面排屑能力并打断摩擦界面连续的接触,扰乱摩擦系统的自激振动,抑制摩擦噪声的产生.     

混合澄清槽搅拌装置滑动轴承设计及磨损性能研究

针对混合澄清槽搅拌装置运行工况的特殊要求,以改善其滑动轴承使用性能及寿命为目标,选用和研制WC-VC-Ni-Cr-Mo金属陶瓷复合材料(WN20)和铁-镍-铬-石墨-二硫化钼自润滑复合材料(FC13). 考察了复合材料的微观组织、力学和摩擦学性能,结果表明WN20金属陶瓷复合材料具有优异的力学性能,FC13金属基自润滑复合材料在干摩擦状态下具有良好的自润滑和抗磨损性能,是滑动轴承组件摩擦副轴瓦的合适材料. 根据固体润滑滑动轴承的设计原则,设计滑动轴承组件结构及相应的润滑方式. 采用C13金属基自润滑复合材料制造轴瓦,并通过嵌入特种润滑剂的方式进行辅助润滑,与WN20金属陶瓷轴组成摩擦副时,滑动轴承组件表现出优异的摩擦磨损性能,经过250 h摩擦试验,摩擦系数和轴瓦温度无显著变化,摩擦系数为0.08,轴瓦径向磨损量为3.8 μm,均满足混合澄清槽搅拌装置的使用要求.      

铰轴滑板钢支座力学性能的实验分析

研究中采用自行设计的特殊加载设备，通过模型实验测试了新型铰轴滑板钢支座在承载条件下铰轴摩擦扭矩和麻板临界摩阻力的变化规律。得到一些新的实验现象。     

Surface roughness effects in a short porous journal bearing with a couple stress fluid

In this paper, a theoretical study of the effect of surface roughness in hydrodynamic lubrication of a porous journal bearing with couplestress fluid as lubricant is made. The modified Reynolds equations accounting for the couple stresses and randomized surface roughness structure are mathematically derived. The Christensen stochastic theory of hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces is used to study the effects of surface roughness on the static characteristics of a short porous journal bearing with couplestress fluid as lubricant. Further, it is assumed that, the roughness asperity heights are small compared to the film thickness. It is observed that, the effects of surface roughness on the bearing characteristics are more pronounced for couplestress fluids as compared to the Newtonian fluids.     

On partial sliding along a planar crack: the case of a circular sliding zone

Summary A problem of partial sliding along a planar crack with a local drop in frictional resistance is investigated. A sliding zone initiates in the area of reduced friction, and then propagates as the applied shear load is monotonously increased. The problem is formulated in general terms, and then solved for the case when sliding spreads as a penny-shaped zone. Conditions under which the front of the zone stays circular during sliding are analyzed. It is observed that the axisymmetry of the profile of frictional resistance does not necessarily guarantee uniform propagation of sliding in the radial direction. The circular shape becomes the most favorable growth condition only if the shear modes are related in a certain way. The problem is studied based on the criterion of propagation that stress intensity factors(SIFs) for II and III modes vanish on the boundary of the sliding zone. The singular integrals in expressions for the SIFs are reduced to non-singular ones. Analytical solutions are derived for a number of special cases where the radius of the sliding zone is related to the applied shear load.This work is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DGE-0209543 to the University of New Mexico.     

可倾瓦径向滑动轴承完整动特性系数的分析模型

基于可倾瓦径向滑动轴承瓦块的扰动特性,提出了计算轴承完整动力系数的数学解析模型。在由单块瓦和轴颈构成的子系统上建立局部动坐标参考系,全局广义位移向量可以通过简练的步骤转换为局部动坐标系下轴颈的位移向量,利用求解固定瓦轴承动力特性的方法求得的局部动坐标系下的油膜力又可以精确地转换为全局坐标系下的表达形式,全局坐标系下的油膜力向量关于广义位移和广义速度的Jocabian矩阵形成轴承的完整动力特性系数;利用Newton-Raphson方法同时求解瓦块和轴颈在给定的静态载荷下的平衡位置,其中所需用到的系数矩阵恰好为轴承油膜力关于广义位移的Jocabian矩阵的负值,在得到平衡位置的同时可以获得轴承完整的刚度和阻尼矩阵。数值算例证明了此方法的有效性。     

Terminal sliding mode control for coordinated motion of a space rigid manipulator with external disturbance

The control problem of coordinated motion of a free-floating space rigid manipulator with external disturbance is discussed. By combining linear momentum conversion and the Lagrangian approach, the full-control dynamic equation and the Jacobian relation of a free-floating space rigid manipulator are established and then inverted to the state equation for control design. Based on the terminal sliding mode control （SMC） technique, a mathematical expression of the terminal sliding surface is proposed. The terminal SMC scheme is then developed for coordinated motion between the base＇s attitude and the end-effector of the free-floating space manipulator with external disturbance. This proposed control scheme not only guarantees the existence of the sliding phase of the closed-loop system, but also ensures that the output tracking error converges to zero in finite time. In addition, because the initial system state is always at the terminal sliding surface, the control scheme can eliminate reaching phase of the SMC and guarantee global robustness and stability of the closed-loop system. A planar free-floating space rigid manipulator is simulated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.     

On the effects of a compressible viscous lubricant on the load‐bearing capacity of a journal bearing

A compressible viscous isothermal model is presented for studying journal‐bearing lubrication. The viscosity in the model thickens with increasing density. The governing equations are written in terms of velocity, the natural logarithm of the density and the kinematic extra‐stress tensor. A semi‐Làgrangian treatment of the material derivatives is combined with a spectral element discretization in space. The roles of the speed of sound and the eccentricity ratio on the load‐bearing capacity of the journal bearing are investigated. Compressibility is shown to enhance the load‐bearing capacity and this effect is amplified as the eccentricity ratio approaches unity. It is shown that for speeds of sound in the region of those of multigrade oils, the dominant component of the force on the journal acts along the line joining the centres of the bearing and journal and in the direction away from the narrow gap. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含有滑动摩擦的两体碰撞中的动能损失

讨论的是一般运动刚体在含有滑动摩擦的情况下的两体碰撞．首先根据欧勒动力 学方程和质心运动定理导出了在碰撞的两个阶段二碰撞点沿公法线和公切线的相对速度的变 化量, 其次利用动量定理导出了系统动能的损失与二碰撞点速度的关系, 最后根据这两个结 论导出了系统动能损失的计算公式, 并给出所得结论成立的条件．     

Performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing under the combined influence of textured surface and journal misalignment: A numerical survey

A wisely chosen geometry of micro textures with the favorable relative motion of lubricated surfaces in contacts can enhance tribological characteristics. In this paper, a computational investigation related to the combined influence of bearing surface texturing and journal misalignment on the performances of hydrodynamic journal bearings is reported. To this end, a numerical analysis is performed to test three texture shapes: square “SQ”, cylindrical “CY”, and triangular “TR”, and shaft misalignment variation in angle and degree. The Reynolds equation of a thin viscous film is solved using a finite differences scheme and a mass conservation algorithm (JFO boundary conditions), taking into account the presence of textures on both full film and cavitation regions. Preliminary results are compared with benchmark data and are consistent with a positive enhancement in misaligned bearing performances (load carrying capacity and friction). The results suggest that the micro-step bearing mechanism is a key parameter, where the micro-pressure recovery action present in dimples located at the second angular part of the bearing (from 180° to 360°) can compensate for the loss on performances caused by shaft misalignment, while the micro-pressure drop effect at the full film region causes poor performances. Considering the right arrangement of textures on the contact surface, their contours geometries can have a significant impact on the performance of misaligned journal bearings, particularly at high eccentricity ratios, high misalignment degrees and when the misalignment angle α approaches to $0\mathrm{°}$ or $180\mathrm{°}$.     

Application of a hybrid numerical method to the bifurcation analysis of a rigid rotor supported by a spherical gas journal bearing system

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rigid rotor supported by a spherical gas journal bearing system is analyzed using a hybrid method combining the differential transformation method (DTM) and the finite difference method (FDM). The analytical results reveal that the bearing system has a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic, subharmonic, and quasi-periodic responses of the rotor center. The evolution in the dynamic behavior of the bearing system is systematically examined as the rotor mass and bearing number are increased. The analytical results are found to be in good agreement with those of other numerical methods. Hence, the validity of the proposed hybrid method as a means of gaining insights into the nonlinear dynamics of spherical gas film rotor-bearing systems is confirmed.     

The influence of Oldroyd-B and PTT lubricants on moving journal bearing systems

The influence of viscoelasticity on the performance of statically and dynamically loaded journal bearings is considered. The lubricant in the system is modelled using either the Oldroyd-B or linear PTT models. Significant viscoelastic effects are presented for both moderate and narrow gap journal bearing configurations. The dynamical behaviour of the journal bearing system is shown to be dependent on the fluid model, the relaxation time and also the gap size.