光催化选择性氧化还原体系在有机合成中的研究进展

21世纪,化学研究的一个主要目标是发展一种高效能技术,用于取代那些对环境有害的耗能过程.光催化选择性氧化还原体系的出现和应用极大地满足了人们对能源和环境的要求.在光催化选择性氧化还原体系中,反应发生所需要的条件比传统催化温和,同时它也避免了一些强氧化剂和危险还原性物质的使用,通过优化反应环境可以实现对某种目标产物的高选择性,从而为有机合成提供了一种绿色、节能的途径,成为21世纪最具潜力的绿色有机化学技术.本文重点阐述了光催化选择性氧化还原体系在有机合成领域中的重要进展,并对其存在的问题及相关领域的发展趋势作了展望.     

重金属离子的光催化还原研究进展

近些年来,光催化氧化还原用于环境污染消除方面已经得到了较为广泛的研究。其中,关于有机污染物的光催化氧化降解研究较多,其综述文章也屡见报道。在对有机污染物进行氧化研究的同时,也有一些关于有毒金属离子光催化还原的报道,但还未见有相关的综述,本文主要就重金属离子的光催化还原给以综述。     

纳米LaCoO3的光催化氧化还原活性

采用柠檬酸络合法合成了粒径为42．4nm的LaCoO3复合氧化物，并以其为光催化剂在荧光汞灯及太阳光照射下进行不同结构水溶性染料的降解脱色实验。结果表明，各种染料均发生不同程度的光催化降解，且在太阳照射下染料的光催化降解率大于荧光汞灯下的降解率，说明纳米LaCoO3具有较强的光催化氧化活性；为考查纳米LaCoO3的光催化还原活性，在LaCoO3悬浮体系中进行了CO3^2-还原为甲酸、甲醛的实验，并使用Nash试剂和分光光度法检测光还原产物甲酸和甲醛的量。结果表明，纳米LaCoO3也具有光催化还原活性。通过XPS和光声光谱分析，发现其光催化氧化还原活性主要与LaCoO3中Co(Ⅲ）的d电子结构、Co-O结合能及表面氧空位等因素有关。     

光激发电荷在光催化氧化还原反应中的全利用（英文）

光催化转化CO₂为碳氢燃料,分解水产氢,选择性有机合成,还原N₂为NH₃,降解毒害的有机污染物等对解决能源环境问题有重要意义。早在1972年,研究者利用TiO₂通过光催化实现了全面分解水产氢和产氧。由于低的可见光利用率,严重的载流子复合和过高的水氧化能垒导致光催化全面水分解的效率极低。由于氢相对于氧更具有经济价值,因此牺牲剂辅助的光催化产氢被大量研究。由于牺牲剂可以快速的消耗光生空穴,有效降低了氧化端的能垒,光催化产氢的效率相比于光催化水分解的效率提高了3–4个量级。然而,牺牲剂的使用不仅导致了光生空穴的浪费,成本的提高,还导致了潜在的环境问题。近些年,研究者通过将光催化还原反应和光催化氧化反应结合在一起实现了电子空穴的全面利用,并改进了氧化和还原的效率。同时,电子空穴的全面利用也有效的促进了电荷的分离并提高了催化剂的稳定性。然而,由于全面氧化还原的设计难度大,反应过程复杂,因此光催化全面氧化还原的机理尚不够明确,仍然需要大量的探索。在这篇综述中,首先从光捕获、光激发电荷分离、氧化还原反应的热力学和...     

氧化还原活性碳纤维的研究进展

就氧化还原碳纤维的制备及其结构、影响氧化还原容量的因素、氧化还原机理等方面进行了综述，并做了研究前景展望。     

光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应

通过氮α-位碳自由基构造氮α-位碳-碳键是合成含氮有机化合物的重要方法. 近期, 利用可见光催化氧化芳香叔胺—氮α-位去质子化形成氮α-位碳自由基的原理发展了一系列新颖的自由基加成(偶联)反应, 成为氮α-位碳自由基化学发展的重要方向. 本文应用Ir-催化剂, 实现了光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应, 高效地合成β-氨基羟胺化合物. 该反应条件温和、操作简单, 具有较高的原子经济性, 且对于各种链状、环状以及手性硝酮都具有良好的适用性, 产物可方便地转化为重要的邻二胺化合物.     

β-环糊精对TiO2光催化氧化还原效率的作用

橙黄Ⅱ;Cr(Ⅵ);β-环糊精对TiO2光催化氧化还原效率的作用     

过硫酸胺与N－［（3－二甲氨基）丙基］丙烯酰胺氧化还原引发体系的研究

N-[(3-DimetLylamino)-propyll acrylamide(DMAPAA) and N-[(3dimetliylamino)-propyl] methacrylamide(DMAPMA) were synthesized by the reaction of 3-dimethylamino-propylamine with acryloyl and methacryloyl chloride respectively at 0-5℃ temperature. The kinetics of the aqueous solution polylmerization of acrylamide(AAm) by using ammonium persulfate(APS) combined with DMAPAA or DMAPMA was investigated. The rate equations were given as:respectively. The overall activation energies of the polymerization were determined as low as 35.0kJ/mol and 41.0kJ/mol respectively. Based on the end-group analysis results, the reaction mechanism of DMAPAA or DMAPMA with APS was proposed to be similar to the initiation reation of persulfate/tertiary aliphatic amine redox system,and the resulting aminomethyl radicals were responsible for initiation of vinyl polymerization as well as sulfate radical.     

过硫酸铵-三乙醇胺氧化还原引发体系对丙烯酸镁固化的影响

为研究过硫酸铵-三乙醇胺氧化还原引发体系中,氧化剂、还原剂用量以及氧化还原剂配比对丙烯酸镁溶液固化时间以及固化物吸水膨胀性能的影响,实验设计氧化剂和还原剂用量为0.3％,0.5％,1％,1.5％,2％,2.5％,3％;氧化还原剂配比为3:1,2:1,1:1,1:2,1:3,以此分别研究不同的氧化剂和还原剂用量对丙烯酸镁...     

偏硼酸锶催化剂光催化还原CO2合成CH4

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出偏硼酸锶(SrB₂O₄)光催化剂. 紫外光催化还原CO₂合成CH₄(在液相水中)的实验证明: SrB₂O₄催化剂的光催化活性略高于TiO₂(P25). 利用X射线电子衍射谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光(PL)光谱和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射吸收光谱等技术, 研究了SrB₂O₄ 催化剂的晶体结构、形貌和能带结构. 结果表明: SrB₂O₄ 的价带为2.07 V (vs normalhydrogen electrode (NHE)), 低于(H₂O/H⁺)的氧化还原电位E_redox^o (0.82 V (vs NHE)); 而导带为-1.47 V (vsNHE), 高于(CO₂/CH₄)的氧化还原电位E_redox^o (-0.24 V (vs NHE)). 因此, SrB₂O₄催化剂可以有效地光催化还原CO₂生成CH₄. 与TiO₂(P25)相比, SrB₂O₄催化剂具有相对较高导带, 光生电子的还原能力强于TiO₂(P25), 更有利于CH₄的生成, 从而决定了SrB₂O₄催化剂光催化还原CO₂合成CH₄具有较高的光催化活性.     

信号流图在氧化还原反应平衡系统建模与计算中的应用

利用信号流图集成了化学平衡基本物理量之间的关系,为获取化学平衡计算公式提供便利.举例说明了氧化还原反应平衡系统信号流图模型的建模和利用信号流图模型求解平衡浓度的过程.     

Effect of charge balance vacancies on the ultraviolet photocatalytic activity of Fe3+-doped anatase

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还原氧化石墨烯-TiO2光催化剂的研究进展

还原氧化石墨烯-TiO₂(rGO-TiO₂)复合材料被合成以来,其应用不断被拓展。以rGO-TiO₂作为光催化剂时,发现rGO可以作为电子储存体和光敏剂,从而提高TiO₂的光催化活性。本文从rGO-TiO₂的设计出发,综述其在光催化过程中rGO的作用以及制备复合材料中氧化石墨烯(GO)的作用。期望为研究者通过设计高效光催化剂从而减少环境污染和改变能源使用结构提供参考。     

High-yield synthesis of pure ZnO nanoparticles by one-step solid-state reaction approach for enhanced photocatalytic activity

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized via a one-step solid-state reaction approach in ammonia (NH₃) gas environment with different temperature ramp rates. The so-formed nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, where the typical wurtzite hexagonal structure was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the particle size to be in the range 45–50 nm, the same as calculated by the XRD pattern for the ramp rate of 10 °C/min. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the chemical purity of the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum indicated multiple near-band-edge emissions and energy-band emissions. Then, these ZnO nanomaterials were used for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under UV light irradiation. The CV solution was completely degraded in 2 hr. The initial photocatalyst and dye amounts of 0.2 g/100 ml and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, were found to be the optimum values for maximum degradation efficiency. The ZnO-based photocatalyst was stable up to three cycles of reuse. These results indicate that the high surface area and porosity of the nanomaterials are responsible for the high efficiency, which was confirmed by specific surface area analysis.     

Effect of the composition of titanium-zirconium oxide systems on their photocatalytic activity in the reduction of methylene blue by formaldehyde

Relationships were obtained between the photocatalytic activity (PCA), absorption spectra, electrical conductivity (σ), and catalytic activity (CA) of oxides containing Zr⁴⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ and their quantitative and phase composition. It was found that the PCA and CA depend linearly on σ. The relation between these characteristics and the effectiveness of their action in chemical reactions was studied. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 345–350, November–December, 2006.     

Effect of Sb5+ codopant ions on the ultraviolet photocatalytic activity of Fe3+-modified anatase

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光催化制氢中助催化剂表面氢氧复合反应的抑制

在光催化分解水产氢的过程中,Pt等助催化剂在催化产生氢的同时也会诱导催化氢气和氧气重新复合为水的逆反应,严重降低了悬浮体系光催化全分解水产氢的效率。本文综述了近年来在逆反应抑制方面的研究进展,总结和对比分析了各种抑制逆反应策略的特点,并对这些方法的应用于悬浮体系光催化全分解水制氢的前景进行了展望。     

New progress in photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A as representative endocrine disrupting chemicals

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a kind of hazardous pollutants in the environment which threaten the health of humans and animals at very low concentrations. EDCs and corresponding processing methods have been the hottest topics of scientific research in recent years. In this article, the classification, risks, occurrence, fate, and treatment methods of EDCs were briefly summarized. Among all of the treatment methods, photocatalytic degradation was one of the most ideal methods with bright prospects for BPA removal in the future. We summarized several problems restricting the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation and the latest progress, and proposed some suggestions on the improvement of photocatalytic degradation. Finally, mechanism of BPA's photocatalytic degradation had been summarized on the basis of free radical theory. New progress and opinions were provided in this review and we wish to provide a helpful guidance of EDCs removal for international readers.     

三维Cu-MOF对亚甲蓝的吸附和光催化降解及其机理

本文报道了[Cu₃(ppda)₃(tib)₂(H₂O)₄]·6H₂O(Cu-MOF)的合成、结构、吸附和光催化降解性能。在Cu-MOF中,1,4-苯二乙酸(H₂ppda)和1,3,5-三(1-咪唑基)苯(tib)配体交替连接Cu离子形成二维层,层与层之间通过trans-ppda^2-相互穿插形成稳定的三维结构。Cu-MOF对亚甲蓝(MB)的催化效率为97%,最高反应速率常数为0.019 7 min^-1。光催化降解机理：在光的激发下,催化剂表面的光生电子和空穴对发生分离,并与O₂、H₂O、H₂O₂反应生成活性物质,将染料降解为CO₂和H₂O。在MB溶液中加入NaCl(200 g·L^-1)后,Cu-MOF的吸附量有所提升(87.23 mg·g     

Influence of surfactants on the morphology and photocatalytic activity of Bi_2WO_6 by hydrothermal synthesis

The flower-like microsphere Bi2WO6 with an average diameter of 2.5 μm is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method in the presence of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).The crystalline phase,compositions,morphology,microstructure,surface area and band gap energy of the Bi2WO6 are characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy-dispersive spectrum,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and absorption spectra.It is found that surfactant has a signifi...