Atomically dispersed Fe sites on hierarchically porous carbon nanoplates for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing cost-effective,robust and stable non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is of paramount importance for electrochemical energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.Although Fe-N-C single atom catalysts(SACs) have been hailed as the most promising candidate due to the optimal binding strength of ORR intermediates on the Fe-N₄ sites,they suffer from serious mass transport limitations as microporous templates/substrates,i.e.,zeo...     

One-step pyrolysis process to synthesize dispersed Pt/carbon hollow nanospheres catalysts for electrocatalysis

An effective method for loading Pt nanoparticles on monodispersed hollow carbon nanospheres by one-step pyrolysis of polystyrene spheres (PS) adsorbed with platinum (IV) ions was developed. The polystyrene spheres were firstly enwrapped with a layer of sucrose and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles. Adsorption of platinum (IV) ions onto the polystyrene spheres was carried out via electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged platinum salt and the positively charged amino group in the CTAB. Pyrolysis of the PS-Pt (IV) precursors at 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere resulted in the simultaneous decomposition of the sucrose to carbon and the adsorbed platinum complex to metallic Pt. During this process the polystyrene spheres was removed and hollow sphere of PtC formed. Nanocomposites of hollow carbon nanospheres with different platinum loading were synthesized and their electrocatalytic activity was evaluated using methanol as a model molecule. Results showed that the as-prepared hollow carbon nanospheres supported platinum catalysts have high electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards the oxidation of methanol. The present method is promising for the fabrication of carbon supported platinum catalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell.     

Single-atomic Fe anchored on hierarchically porous carbon frame for efficient oxygen reduction performance

Exploring platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts with superior catalytic performance and favorable durability for oxygen reduction reaction is a remaining bottleneck in process of developing sustainable techniques in energy storage and conversion. Herein, a hierarchical porous single atomic Fe electrocatalyst(Fe/Z8-E-C) is rationally designed and synthesized via acid etching, calcination, adsorption of Fe precursor and recalcination processes. This unique electrocatalyst Fe/Z8-E-C shows exce...     

Single-atomic Fe anchored on hierarchically porous carbon frame for efficient oxygen reduction performance

Exploring platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts with superior catalytic performance and favorable durability for oxygen reduction reaction is a remaining bottleneck in process of developing sustainable techniques in energy storage and conversion. Herein, a hierarchical porous single atomic Fe electrocatalyst(Fe/Z8-E-C) is rationally designed and synthesized via acid etching, calcination, adsorption of Fe precursor and recalcination processes. This unique electrocatalyst Fe/Z8-E-C shows exce...     

Well-dispersed SnO_2 nanocrystals on N-doped carbon nanowires as efficient electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

The conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable organic compounds is a highly promising approach to address the energy issues and environmental problems(e.g., global warming). Herein, we presents a facile and efficient method to prepare highly dense and well-dispersed SnO_2 nanocrystals on 1 D N-doped carbon nanowires as advanced catalysts for the efficient electroreduction of CO_2 to formate. The ultrasmall SnO_2 coated on the N-doped carbon nanowires(SnO_2@N-CNW) has been synthesized via the simple hydrothermal treatment coupled with a pyrolysis process. The unique structure enables to expose the active tin oxide and also provides the facile pathways for rapid transfer of electron and electrolyte along with the highly porous carbon foam composed with interconnected carbon nanowires. Therefore, SnO_2@NCNW electrocatalyst exhibits good durability and high selectivity for formate formation with a Faradaic efficiency of ca. 90%. This work demonstrates a simple method to rationally design high-dense tin oxide nanocrystals on the conductive carbon support as advanced catalysts for CO_2 electroreduction.     

Atomically dispersed Fe-Ni dual sites in heteroatom doped carbon tyres for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis in rechargeable Zn-Air battery

The electronic and functional synergies between the twin metal centers make dual single-atom catalysts(DACs) attractive for oxygen electrocatalysis. The catalytic activities of DACs are largely decided by their surrounding micro-environment and supporting substrates. Modulating the micro-environment as well as engineering the efficient support is challenging tasks. Moreover, both are critical to optimizing the performance of DACs. Herein, a novel bio-cooperative strategy is developed to synthesi...     

Ultra-small Co/CoOx nanoparticles dispersed on N-doped carbon nanosheets for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction

In this paper,we report a facile strategy to synthesize Co-BDC-NH2 material,which is used as a precursor towards an excellent OER electrocatalyst by thermal annealing in nitrogen.Ultra-small Co/Co Oxnanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the rhombus N-doped carbon(NC)nanoflakes.Transmission electron microscopic,X-ray diffraction spectrometric,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses revealed the coexistence of metallic Co and Co oxides nanoparticles.It was found that Co/CoO_x@NC obtained at 500℃ annealing temperature exhibited the highest electrocatalytic OER activity,with 307 and375 m V overpotential to achieve 10 and 100 m A cm^-2 current densities.Besides,thanks to the in-situ annealing process,Co/CoO_x@NC showed excellent catalytic stability with 97.4%current density retention after 24 h electrolysis at 1.66 V vs.RHE electrode potential.Further investigations revealed that the ultrasmall Co/Co Oxnanoparticles distributed on N-doped carbon template contribute significantly towards OER electrocatalysis through enlarging the activity surface areas and enhancing the intrinsic electrochemical activity due to the presence of metallic Co.     

Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Essential Amino Acids from Nitric Oxide Using Atomically Dispersed Fe on N-doped Carbon

How to transfer industrial exhaust gases of nitrogen oxides into high-values product is significantly important and challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an innovative method for artificial synthesis of essential α-amino acids from nitric oxide (NO) by reacting with α-keto acids through electrocatalytic process with atomically dispersed Fe supported on N-doped carbon matrix (AD-Fe/NC) as the catalyst. A yield of valine with 32.1 μmol mg_cat⁻¹ is delivered at −0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding a selectivity of 11.3 %. In situ X-ray absorption fine structure and synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy analyses show that NO as nitrogen source converted to hydroxylamine that promptly nucleophilic attacked on the electrophilic carbon center of α-keto acid to form oxime and subsequent reductive hydrogenation occurred on the way to amino acid. Over 6 kinds of α-amino acids have been successfully synthesized and gaseous nitrogen source can be also replaced by liquid nitrogen source (NO₃⁻). Our findings not only provide a creative method for converting nitrogen oxides into high-valued products, which is of epoch-making significance towards artificial synthesis of amino acids, but also benefit in deploying near-zero-emission technologies for global environmental and economic development.     

One-pot synthesis of FexOy nanoparticles embedded within N-doped carbon layers as highly efficient and selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes

Inhibiting the side reactions while promoting hydrogenation are the main target for the production of functional anilines from nitroarenes; consequently, the preparation of an ideal catalyst to improve chemical selectivity is one of the hot issues. In this work, we provided an easy-to-prepare catalyst with N-doped carbon layers, where the FexOy nanoparticles were encapsulated and distributed uniformly. The structural features of catalyst were characterized by several techniques, and the selected catalyst was next applied to the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under varied conditions, involving temperature, holding period and H2 pressure. Subsequently, we conducted the synthesis of more than 16 substrates for the corresponding anilines with varied functional groups. The hydrogenation protocol to gram-scale synthesis as well as lifecycle performance were also demonstrated in the batch reactor, together with the explanation of its catalytic mechanisms. Overall, the present work provides an available preparation of simple but highly efficient catalysts for the production or aromatic amines, which will be benefit for the sustainable development of this field in near future.     

Bifunctional coordination polymers as efficient catalysts for carbon dioxide conversion

The multidentate ligand H₂ L upon complexation with Zn (II) and Cd (II) provide a one‐dimensional polymeric networks. These coordination polymers (CPs) CP‐1 and CP‐2 containing Zn (II) and Cd (II) metals respectively are well characterized. The single crystal structural analysis confirms the formation of one‐dimensional coordination polymer with zigzag fashion in CP‐1 and ladder chain CP‐2 . Both the CPs are applied as catalysts to synthesize various cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. The catalysts are giving better conversion under solvent‐free and additive‐free condition using 10 bar CO₂ and 100 °C as optimized pressure and temperature. The detailed kinetic experiments suggesting the first order kinetics, the energy of activation (Ea) is calculated for this catalytic conversion.     

基于N-掺杂碳包覆Fe3N复合材料的高效异相电芬顿降解有机物

水污染导致的缺水危机、水质恶化和生态环境破坏等问题,严重影响人的健康及社会的和谐可持续发展.异相电芬顿技术因催化剂可循环利用、宽pH适用范围等优点而广受关注.常见的催化剂以铁、铁氧化物等铁基材料为主,存在金属颗粒分布不均匀、铁元素易溶出、铁循环易受阻和H2O2选择性和转化效率低等问题,严重制约该技术的发展.尽管可以通过...     

掺氮纳米炭球担载高分散钯纳米催化剂的制备及其苯甲醇氧化性能(英文)

负载型贵金属纳米催化剂中的金属纳米粒子易发生团聚或流失,因此提高金属活性组分的分散性和稳定性很重要。我们报道了一种制备高分散钯纳米催化剂的方法,通过浸泡法将氯钯酸前驱体负载到苯并噁嗪聚合物上,再经过惰性气氛一步热解得到纳米炭球担载钯催化剂.催化剂性能通过温和条件下苯甲醇氧化反应进行评价.经过500℃热处理制备的催化剂,从TEM图可以看出Pd纳米粒子均匀分散在载体上,尺寸大小约为3 nm,这是由于载体和钯活性组分的配位作用有利于提高钯纳米粒子的分散性和稳定性.通过调控金属负载量及负载时间,尽可能地实现活性组分分布在载体外表面,制备的催化剂上最高TOF为690 h-1.此催化剂同时具有较好的循环稳定性,失活后的催化剂经过200℃焙烧即可实现再生.     

N,O共修饰的Ni纳米颗粒/氮掺杂介孔碳CO2高效电还原催化剂

利用可再生电力能源将CO2电还原(CO2RR)为高附加值燃料和化学品(CO、甲酸盐和碳氢化合物等)是一种高效、绿色的CO2资源化利用新技术.然而,由于CO2分子中双键难以活化,且存在析氢竞争反应,即使对于CO2电还原为CO这一简单反应,除少数贵金属(Au、Ag和Pd及其合金)外,当前大多数电催化剂对产物CO的选择性和活性仍较低.因此,开发高效、稳定且廉价的CO2RR催化剂具有重要意义.过渡金属Ni储量高、成本低,是潜在的CO2RR催化剂.然而,受限于Ni对*H及*CO等中间物种相对强的吸附能力,Ni基催化剂催化生成产物CO的活性和选择性较低.近年来研究表明,通过对Ni基材料进行表面修饰,可以调控Ni表面与中间物种的吸附强度,从而有效提升Ni基催化剂对CO2RR反应的活性和选择性.鉴于此,本文通过N,O共调控的策略对负载于N掺杂介孔碳上的Ni纳米颗粒进行表面修饰,制得的N,O-Ni/CMK3催化剂能够高效、高选择性地将CO2电还原为CO.X射线衍射、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱等表征结果表明,N,O-Ni/CMK3中的Ni纳米颗粒由金属Ni核和N掺杂的NiO壳组成,即Ni纳米颗粒表面被N,O共调控,这种独特的表面使其表现出与金属Ni不同的CO2RR催化性能.电化学测试结果表明,在0.5 M KHCO3电解液中,N,O-Ni/CMK3催化剂表现出较好的选择性(生成CO法拉第效率达97％)、活性(CO分电流密度为13.01 mA cm?1)和转换频率(4.25 s?1).表征结果表明,N,O共同调控的Ni是该催化反应的活性中心.此外,得益于N,O共调控的Ni表面,N,O-Ni/CMK3催化剂比O调控的Ni催化剂具有更好的电化学稳定性.本文通过调节Ni催化剂的表面化学环境来调控催化剂与反应中间物种的吸附强度,显著提高了Ni基催化剂对CO2RR反应的催化活性和CO选择性,为开发高活性、高选择性的过渡金属催化剂提供了新思路.     

单分散Ni簇锚定在CN上用于高效光催化析氢

利用太阳光在常温常压下驱动光催化反应高效进行是解决人类面临的能源、环境问题从而实现绿色化学的理想方案之一.然而,兼顾效率、成本和稳定性的高性能光催化体系的研究依然存在巨大的挑战.石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)基光催化剂由于高稳定性、无毒无害和适合的能带结构,在光催化制氢方面存在巨大潜力.然而,表面的慢反应速率导致了光生电子...     

TiN nanocrystal anchored on N-doped graphene as effective sulfur hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have become prospective candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to the high energy density and low cost.However,the sluggish kinetics of the electrochemical reaction and shuttle effect result in a rapid capacity decay.Herein,a titanium nitride nanocrystal/Ndoped graphene(TiN@NG)composite is developed to host elemental sulfur.The TiN nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets attract Li polysulfides(LiPSx)and catalyze the electrochemical reduction and oxidation of LiPSx in the discharge and charge processes,respectively.These two effects effectively restrain the dissolution of the LiPSx and accelerate the electrochemical reactions,thereby,alleviating the shuttle effect.As a result,the cathode composed of TiN@NG/S delivers a remarkable reversible capacity(1390 mA h g^-1 at 0.1 C)and excellent cycling performance(730 mA h g^-1 after 300 cycles).We believe that this work can bring some inspiration for designing high-performance Li-S batteries.     

Facile synthesis of N-doped carbon nanotubes grafted on N-doped carbon nanosheets co-encapsulating cobalt and molybdenum carbide nanoparticles for efficient methanol oxidation

Developing efficient electrocatalysts based on inexpensive and environment protection materials for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is crucial to new generation renewable energy storage and conversion processes, but it remains a major challenge. In our current research, N-doped carbon nanotubes grafted on N-doped carbon nanosheets co-encapsulating cobalt and Mo₂C nanoparticles (Co-Mo₂C/NCNT@NCN) are designed and synthesized by simple mixing and one-step annealing approach. After depositing Pt nanoparticles, Pt/Co-Mo₂C/NCNT@NCN exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability for MOR in acid medium; more precisely, it has a commendable mass activity of 842 mA/mg_Pt, which is 2.1 times of Pt/C-JM. And it is worth mentioning that its anti-CO poisoning ability and stability have also a visible improvement; the enhanced catalytic performance mainly benefits from the rich N doping, excellent structural features, and the synergistic effect of Co and Mo₂C. Therefore, this study opens up a new direction for designing and developing a favorable active multicomponent catalyst for MOR.     

小麦粉衍生中孔氮掺杂颗粒炭负载金催化剂用于乙炔氢氯化反应（英文）

聚氯乙烯是五大工程塑料之一,在国民经济中占有重要的地位.基于中国富煤少油缺气的能源格局,我国主要采用基于煤化工的电石法氯乙烯生产工艺,但该工艺必须采用氯化汞催化剂,受到国际限汞公约的影响,无汞催化剂的开发迫在眉睫.其中炭负载金催化剂在该反应中活性最高,近几年来取得了较大进展,有望实现产业化.氮掺杂的炭材料在诸多反应中展现了较好的性能,其负载金属催化剂可以有效提高金属的分散度及稳定性,成为近几年多相催化领域的一个研究热点.最近我们课题组报道了一种氮掺杂中孔成型的制备方法:以小麦粉为原料,通过直接炭化法制备了氮掺杂中孔成型炭,这种氮掺杂中孔成型炭作为无汞催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中显示出了优异的催化性能.小麦粉衍生的氮掺杂中孔成型炭具有成型容易.原料价廉易得、易于放大生产等优点,是优选的工业化催化剂的载体.本文以这种氮掺杂的成型炭为载体制备了负载型金催化剂,研究其催化乙炔氢氯化性能.结果表明,氮的掺杂使得中孔炭负载金(Au/N-MC)催化剂上乙炔氢氯化活性明显提高.在氯化氢/乙炔比例1.1、反应温度180℃、乙炔空速600 h~(-1)的条件下,Au/N-MC上的乙炔转化率为50%,是Au/MC催化剂活性的2倍.通过对催化剂的表征发现,氮的掺杂能有效地锚定Au/N-MC催化剂中活性组分Au~(3+),抑制催化剂制备过程中Au~(3+)还原为Au~0,从而提高催化剂活性和稳定性.小麦粉衍生的氮掺杂中孔炭的原料廉价易得,生产工艺简单,易成型,也容易实现工业化生产,是负载型金属催化剂的优良载体,其负载的无汞催化剂性能优越,有望取代电石法氯乙烯产业的汞催化剂,成为新一代无汞催化剂.     

Embedding FeSb alloy nanoparticles in N-doped carbon layers as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Due to the intrinsic sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), developing highly efficient and inexpensive...