两步变温晶种法制备丝光沸石膜及其渗透汽化乙酸脱水性能

在水热晶种法基础上采用两步变温晶化以高水硅比(n_H2O/n_SiO2)稀溶液配方为合成液,研制用于渗透汽化(PV)乙酸脱水的丝光沸石膜(MOR膜),考察了变温晶化各段时间、水硅比与氟离子对MOR膜的形貌与分离性能的影响规律。结果表明：高温段晶化时间、水硅比与氟离子对MOR膜的形貌、结晶度和膜层厚度产生显著影响,并影响MOR膜渗透气化分离性能;在高温段(150℃)和低温段(120℃)的晶化时间分别为18和6 h,在水硅比为60且含氟离子体系中所制备的MOR膜的性能最佳,其对质量分数50%的乙酸水溶液的渗透通量和分离系数分别为1.45 kg·m^-2·h^-1和1 008。     

莫来石管上丝光沸石膜的合成与渗透汽化性能

采用不添加有机模板剂、配比为n_(Na_2O):n_(Al_2O_3):n_(SiO_3):n_(H_2O)=0.25:0.015～0.1:1:15～60溶胶,在涂有晶种的多孔莫来石管上水热合成出了丝光沸石膜。制备的膜经XRD和SEM表征。考察了合成时间、硅铝比、水硅比和硅源等因素对膜生长及其性能的影响。合成时间的延长有利于丝光沸石c轴方向的优先生长,然而优先取向生长膜层并未提高膜在水/乙醇分离体系中的渗透通量和选择性。优化条件下合成的膜具有较高的渗透汽化性能,在348 K、水/乙醇(10/90,W/W)混合溶液中的渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.70 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)。和860。基于XRD和SEM表征结果,高的渗透汽化性能可归结于在莫来石支撑层与较为疏松的表面晶体层之间形成的致密中间层。     

间歇式水热合成制备丝光沸石膜及其异丙醇脱水应用

采用市售廉价大孔α-Al₂O₃管作为基质材料，通过热浸渍法在管外表面涂敷晶种，随后在无模板剂体系下，利用新型的间歇式水热合成法制备丝光沸石膜。对比了传统加热和间歇式加热对丝光沸石膜形貌、结构及渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能的差异。考察了合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比在间歇式水热合成下对丝光沸石膜的影响。研究结果表明，当合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比分别为0.24、16.7和0.25时，制备的丝光沸石膜渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能最佳，在75℃下，对异丙醇/水(9∶1，w/w)的渗透通量达5.60 kg·m^-2·h^-1，水对异丙醇的分离因数大于10 000。     

间歇式水热合成制备丝光沸石膜及其异丙醇脱水应用

采用市售廉价大孔α-Al₂O₃管作为基质材料,通过热浸渍法在管外表面涂敷晶种,随后在无模板剂体系下,利用新型的间歇式水热合成法制备丝光沸石膜。对比了传统加热和间歇式加热对丝光沸石膜形貌、结构及渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能的差异。考察了合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比在间歇式水热合成下对丝光沸石膜的影响。研究结果表明,当合成液中Na₂O/SiO₂、SiO₂/Al₂O₃和NaF/SiO₂物质的量之比分别为0.24、16.7和0.25时,制备的丝光沸石膜渗透蒸发异丙醇脱水分离性能最佳,在75℃下,对异丙醇/水(9:1,w/w)的渗透通量达5.60 kg·m^-2·h^-1,水对异丙醇的分离因数大于10 00...     

双阳离子体系高通量丝光沸石膜的合成及其乙酸脱水应用

采用多种表征技术详细研究了碱金属阳离子对丝光沸石分子筛膜生长和渗透汽化性能的影响.结果表明,Li+、Na+、K+和Cs+以及Na+-Li+、Na+-K+和Na+-Cs+的不同离子组合对丝光沸石分子筛膜的形貌和性能有很大影响.研究发现,碱金属阳离子通过促进硅在初始凝胶中的溶解,在硅铝酸盐的重排过程中起到结构导向作用,进而...     

含氟体系下高性能丝光沸石分子筛膜的制备及其性能

采用热涂-浸渍法在大孔α-Al2O3载体上形成薄且致密的晶种层,然后在不添加有机模板剂的含氟条件下二次水热生长法制备了高性能丝光沸石分子筛膜,考察了NaF含量、硅/铝比对丝光沸石分子筛膜形貌和性能的影响.将摩尔组成为6Na2O:1.2Al2O3:30SiO2:780H2O:1.5NaF条件下合成的丝光沸石分子筛膜用于渗透汽化分离91.5%乙醇/水体系,在渗透汽化温度70°C、真空度为400Pa条件下,分离因子和通量分别达到了6872和0.51kg/(m2·h);另外,在分离异丙醇/水、乙酸/水体系时,渗透侧水浓度达到了100%(在色谱检测极限范围内),该分离系数是目前报道的丝光沸石分子筛膜分离的最佳值,并在乙酸浓度为1mol/L的乙醇水溶液中表现出良好的耐酸性.该膜有望作为膜反应器在乙酸乙酯等酯类的生产中大大提高转化率.     

变温晶化合成高渗透率ZSM-5沸石膜

沸石分子筛膜的分离性能优异 ,在膜反应器方面具有巨大的应用前景 ,使得在十多年的时间里 ,对其的研究取得了长足进展 .渗透率与选择性是沸石膜发展过程中一对相互制约的矛盾 ,只有当其具有较高渗透率和良好的选择性时 ,才能体现出优势 .因此 ,在不降低选择性的前提下 ,提高膜的渗透率便成为研究的重点 .迄今为止 ,国内外研究者们分别采取不同措施以合成高渗透率的 ZSM- 5沸石膜 ,如合成小晶粒分子筛以减小膜厚 [1] ,在载体孔内预设置扩散栏以阻碍沸石晶粒在孔内生成 [2 ] ;在中孔载体表面合成沸石膜 [3～ 5]等 ,但渗透结果表明 ,气体的渗…     

两步变温法微米晶种诱导合成高性能的T型分子筛膜

在预涂自制微米晶种的多孔管状莫来石支撑体表面上,采用两步变温法诱导合成T型分子筛膜。在溶胶配比nSiO2∶nAl2O3∶nNa2O∶nK2O∶nH2O=1∶0.05∶0.3∶0.1∶30合成条件下,通过变温晶化过程成功制备出高性能的T型分子筛膜。XRD和SEM结果表明,该法可在支撑体表面上较快地形成一层连续致密的纯相T型分子筛膜层,较大缩短了膜合成时间和提高了膜致密性。在优化条件下所合成的膜具有优异的渗透汽化性能,且膜制备的重复性良好。75℃时,在水/异丙醇(10/90,w/w)混合物体系中膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别高达4.25 kg.m-2.h-1,7600;在水/乙醇(10/90,w/w)混合物体系中膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别为2.87 kg.m-2.h-1,1 900。     

用聚电解质渗透汽化膜进行乙醇脱水

渗透汽化 (PV)膜过程由于可用于有机 /有机及有机 /水的恒沸或近沸混合物的分离而成为近年来膜技术研究开发的热点[1,2 ] .德国 GFT公司所制的富马酸交联 PVA脱水膜[3] 对温度为 80℃的 80 %Et OH料液 ,其分离因子为 350 ,渗透通量为 2 0 0 g/ (m2 ·h) .优秀的分离膜要求渗透通量大 ,同时具有较高的分离因子和良好的稳定性 .因此 ,提高膜的分离性能是渗透汽化技术开发应用的关键 .周继青等 [4 ]研究了 PVA/ PVP互穿网络膜的渗透汽化性能 ,发现膜的渗透通量虽有明显提高 ,但膜的选择性下降 .聚电解质具有优良的亲水性 ,可制得高水通…     

膜渗透汽化技术在三聚甲醛脱水中的应用

采用NaA膜对三聚甲醛溶液渗透汽化脱水,对比了不同温度下渗透通量和分离性能的变化,研究了甲醛对混合物脱水分离的影响。结果表明NaA膜可将三聚甲醛和水的二元体系含水量从32 wt%降至0.15 wt%,将三聚甲醛、甲醛和水三元体系的含水量从28wt%降至1.5wt%,表现出了良好的分离性能;同时使用NaA膜渗透汽化技术无需添加萃取剂,并解决了三聚甲醛溶液共沸分离的难题。     

Recent advances in sodium alginate-based membranes for dehydration of aqueous ethanol through pervaporation

Sodium alginate (SA) is a progressive material for membrane fabrication. The technological development of SA-based membranes has made a significant contribution to the separation techniques, especially in aqueous organic solutions. The outstanding performance of SA is attributed to its outstanding structural flexibility and hydrophilicity. In view of structural characteristics, SA membranes have immense utilization in the pervaporation separation of organics. Among various organics, dehydration of aqueous ethanol is employed as a standard to check the success of pervaporation (PV) membrane. Because ethanol and water have comparable molecular sizes, thus difficult to extract water from aqueous ethanol mixtures than it is for other organics. A literature survey shows that wide-ranging data are available on the PV performance of SA and its modified membranes. In this context, the present review addresses the recent advances made in SA membranes for enhanced ethanol dehydration performance during the last decade. Available data since 2010 has been compiled for grafted, crosslinked, blend, mixed matrix, and composite hybrid sodium alginate membranes in terms of separation factor, permeation flux, and pervaporation separation index PSI. The data are assessed with reference to the effect of feed composition, membrane selectivity, flux, and swelling behavior.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyelectrolyte complex blend membrane for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was blended with soluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa). Crystallinity, thermal transition, and thermal stability of the PVA/PEC blends were characterized by using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravity analysis (TGA), respectively. Surface morphology, cross-section and phase structure of the blend membranes were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface hydrophilicity and swelling behavior of the blend membranes were examined by water contact angle (CA) and swelling tests. Blend membranes were subjected to isopropanol dehydration, and effects of blend composition, feed composition and feed temperature on pervaporation performance are discussed in terms of phase structures of blend membranes. A performance of J = 1.35 kg/m² h, α = 1002, was obtained for blend membrane containing 50 wt% PEC in dehydrating 10 wt% water–isopropanol at 70 °C.     

Composite membranes prepared from glutaraldehyde cross-linked sulfonated cardo polyetherketone and its blends for the dehydration of acetic acid by pervaporation

Cardo polyetherketone (PEK-C) composite membranes were prepared by casting glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked sulfonated cardo polyetherketone (SPEK-C) or silicotungstic acid (STA) filled SPEK-C and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blending onto a PEK-C substrate. The compatibility between the active layer and PEK-C substrate is improved by immersing the PEK-C substrate in a GA cross-linked sodium alginate (NaAlg) solution and using water–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent for preparing the STA-PVA-SPEK-C/GA active layer. The pervaporation (PV) dehydration of acetic acid shows that permeation flux decreased and separation factor increased with increasing GA content in the homogeneous membranes. The permeation flux achieved a minimum and the separation factor a maximum when the GA content increased to a certain amount. Thereafter the permeation flux increased and the separation factor decreased with further increasing the GA content. The PV performance of the composite membranes is superior to that of the homogeneous membranes when the feed water content is below 25 wt%. The permeation activation energy of the composite membranes is lower than that of the homogeneous membranes in the PV dehydration of 10 wt% water in acetic acid. The STA-PVA-SPEK-C-GA/PEK-C composite membrane using water–DMSO as co-solvent has an excellent separation performance with a flux of 592 g m⁻² h⁻¹ and a separation factor of 91.2 at a feed water content of 10 wt% at 50 °C.     

A new process for acetic acid production by direct oxidation of ethylene

A new process for acetic acid production by direct oxidation of ethylene which was established and commercialized is described. The catalyst system consisting of Pd and heteropoly acid exhibits excellent activity and selectivity. The addition of Se or Te to the catalyst system is effective to suppress the formation of carbon dioxide. This new process is applicable to a plant of a wide range of size corresponding to the local demand. Because this new process produces little waste water, it is very friendly to the environment.     

Culture medium optimization for acetic acid production by a persimmon vinegar-derived bacterium

A new acetic acid-producing microorganism, Acetobacter sp. RKY4, was isolated from Korean traditional persimmon vinegar, and we optimized the culture medium for acetic acid production from ethanol using the newly isolated Acetobacter sp. RKY4. The optimized culture medium for acetic acid production using this microorganism was found to be 40 g/L ethanol, 10 g/L glycerol, 10 g/L corn steep liquor, 0.5 g/L MgSO₄·7H₂O, and 1.0 g/L (NH₄H₂PO₄. Acetobacter sp. RKY4 produced 47.1 g/L of acetic acid after 48 h of fermentation in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of the optimized medium.