Complexation of pyrene and anthracene with human blood plasma

We have studied the interaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and anthracene) with human serum albumin (HSA) and human blood plasma. We have shown that the increase in the fluorescence intensity and the decrease in the polarity index of pyrene on going from an aqueous solution to a pH 7.4 buffer solution of HSA suggests that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are localized in the hydrophobic microphase of the proteins. The increase in the fluorescence intensity for anthracene and pyrene, and also the decrease in the polarity index of pyrene on going from HSA to blood plasma is connected with the fact that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can bind both to plasma proteins and to plasma lipids. When sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is added to the blood plasma in a concentration greater than the critical micelle concentration, we observe an increase in the fluorescence intensity and the polarity index of pyrene. We hypothesize that this is connected with localization of pyrene near the interface between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases of the protein-SDS system. We have established that SDS leads to a change in the structure of blood plasma proteins and promotes escape of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the protein globules. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 379–382, May–June, 2008.     

Improved Routine Bio-Medical and Bio-Analytical Online Fluorescence Measurements Using Fluorescence Lifetime Resolution

Fluorescence techniques are widely used as sensitive detection methods in bio-analytics. The use of the bio-physical parameter fluorescence lifetime additional to the spectral characteristics of fluorescence has the potential to improve fluorescence-related detection methods in terms of selectivity in signal recognition, robustness against disturbing influences, and the accessibility of novel bio-chemical process parameters. This article describes the technical set up of a time-resolving instrument with either a fixed time-gated detection principle for improved evaluation of tissue metabolism by an online monitoring of the tissue autofluorescence or a direct fluorescence lifetime detection principle for lifetime-based fluorescent assays.     

Fluorescence and Rotational Dynamics of Dityrosine

We have examined the lifetimes and rotational correlation times of dityrosine emission by time-correlated single-photon counting. We first noticed dityrosine fluorescence in samples of tyrosine and tyrosine dipeptides by its characteristic red-shifted emission at 400 to 430 nm. The longer rotational correlation time relative to tyrosine proved that this fluorescence emanated from a distinct species. Comparison with the fluorescence properties of synthesized dityrosine established the identity of the emitting species. Fluorescence intensity decays of dityrosine are generally characterized by two decay components, one with a lifetime in the range of 150 to 800 ps and another between 2.5 and 4.5 ns. We found no evidence for an excited-state reaction, since a rising phase (negative-amplitude component) was not observed. In the pH range from 4 to 10, two ground-state species exist in equilibrium with pK _a 7. Both species exhibit two fluorescence decays. The average fluorescence lifetime increases gradually with pH over the pH range from 4 to 10 and decreases at pH 2. Anisotropy decays were measured for dityrosine and the alanine–dityrosine–alanine and leucine–dityrosine–leucine dipeptides. The rotational correlation times of dityrosine and dityrosine dipeptides increase linearly with van der Waals volumes. The slope indicates a stronger solute–solvent interaction than predicted with stick boundary conditions. It is suggested that these interactions result from the presence of two zwitterionic pairs.     

Conformational differences of oxytocin and vasopressin as observed by fluorescence anisotropy decays and transient effects in collisional quenching of tyrosine fluorescence

We used gigahertz frequency-domain fluorometry to examine the tyrosyl fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays of the single-tyrosine cyclic peptide hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. Acrylamide quenching and a distance-dependent quenching model for collisional quenching were used to evaluate the extent of tyrosyl exposure to the quencher and to provide increased resolution of the picosecond anisotropy decays. Analysis of the intensity decays using a lifetime distribution model shows different distributions for oxytocin and vasopressin. We found that the tyrosyl fluorescence of lysine-vasopressin, as revealed both by the lifetime Stern-Volmer plots and from the quenching analysis, is quenched more effectively than oxytocin. ForN-acetyltyrosinamide (NATyrA), oxytocin, and lysine-vasopressin, we recovered apparent diffusion coefficients for quenching of 4.7×10^–6, 0.44×10^–6, and 4.3×10^–6 cm²/s, respectively, the lower value for oxytocin suggesting a shielded environment for its tyrosyl residue. Tyrosyl anisotropy decays were recovered by global analysis of progressively quenched samples. Compared with oxytocin, vasopressin displayed a longer correlation time for overall rotational diffusion and a higher amplitude for picosecond segmented motions of its tyrosyl residue. All the data are consistent with a more extended and flexible solution structure for vasopressin than for oxytocin.Dedicated to Professor Alfons Kawski on the occasion of his 65th birthday.     

同步荧光光谱比率法检测过氧亚硝酸根及其清除剂的研究

利用同步荧光光谱建立了一种新的荧光比率法检测过氧亚硝酸根(ONOO－)及评价其清除剂的方法。酪氨酸自身有荧光,在pH 8.5的磷酸缓冲溶液中,酪氨酸与CO₂和ONOO－反应生成强 荧光的酪氨酸二聚体,利用同步荧光光谱技术, 在荧光发射光谱中能同时获得酪氨酸单体(λ_em=364 nm)与二聚体的荧光峰(λ_em=406 nm),且两峰的荧光强度的比值与ONOO－的浓度呈计量相 关。结果表明荧光强度的比值不受实验参数改变的影响,与传统的荧光法相比,有利于扩大检测的线性范围,提高灵敏度。荧光强度的比值与ONOO－的浓度在1.60×10－7 mol·L-1～6.00× 10－6 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999,检测限为1.84×10－8 mol·L-1。对浓度为1.00×10－6 mol·L-1 ONOO－ 平行测定8次,其相对标准偏差为2.4％。利用该法测得抗癌药米托蒽醌的IC₅₀为0.065 μg·mL-1。方法简便易行,试剂廉价易得,体系稳定,可作为一种检测ONOO-及筛选其清除剂的方法。     

空气中激光等离子体通道的荧光探测和声学诊断两种方法的比较实验研究

使用荧光探测和声学诊断两种方法，对超强飞秒激光脉冲在空气中传输形成的等离子体通道同时进行了测量.两种方法都很好地反映了等离子体通道的演化过程.对两种方法的比较研究发现，声学诊断相对于荧光探测方法来说，具有较高的灵敏度和空间分辨能力，实验装置也更简单，更适宜于等离子体通道的常规测量. 关键词： 强飞秒激光等离子体通道 荧光探测 声学诊断     

A New Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Pair and Its Application to Oligonucleotide Labeling and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Hybridization Studies

We describe two new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) compatible labels, their covalent linkage to oligonucleotides, and their use as donor and acceptor, respectively, in FRET hybridization studies. The dyes belong to the cyanine dyes, and water solubility is imparted by a phosphonate which represents a new solubilizing group in DNA labels. They were linked to amino-modified synthetic oligonucleotides via oxysuccinimide (OSI) esters. The studies performed include binding assays, determinations of molecular distances, homogeneous competitive assays, and limits of detection, which are in the order of 5 pmol/L for a 15-mer.     

Effect of Polystyrene Microsphere Surface to Fluorescence Lifetime Under Two-Photon Excitation

Molecular assays such as immunoassays are often performed using solid carriers and fluorescent labels. In such an assay format a question can be raised on how much the fluorescence of the label is influenced by the bio-affinity binding events and the solid carrier surface. Since changes in fluorescence intensity as labels bind to surfaces are notoriously difficult to quantify other approaches are preferred. A good indicator, independent of the fluorescence intensity of the label, is the fluorescence lifetime of the marker fluorophore. Changes in fluorescence lifetime reliably indicate the presence of dynamic quenching, energy transfer or other de-excitation processes. A microsphere based assay system is studied under two-photon excitation. Changes in fluorescence lifetime are studied as labeled protein conjugates bind on microsphere surfaces – both direct on the surface and with a few nanometer distance from the surface. Fluorescence signal is measured from individual polystyrene microspheres and the fluorescence lifetime histogram is simultaneously recorded. The results indicate that self-quenching and quenching by the polystyrene surface are both present in such a system. However, the effect of the surface can be avoided by increasing the distance between the surface and the label. Typical distances achieved by a standard sandwich type of assay, are already sufficient to overcome the surface induced quenching in fluorescence detection.     

Formation of chemical compounds in a laser plasma

Using the methods of laser-induced fluorescence and emissive spectroscopy, we carried out investigations of the formation of TiO molecules in a laser plasma produced by focusing the radiation of an AYG:Nd³⁺ laser on the surface of a titanium target in air. The radiation flux density varied within the range 10⁸–10¹⁰ W/cm². We investigated the distribution of molecules over internal states and the space-time distributions of Ti atoms in the ground, metastable, and excited states, as well as of TiO molecules in the ground and excited states. We found that gas-phase reactions with participation of Ti atoms in the ground state provide the most probable channel for the formation of TiO molecules; the role of reagents in ionized, excited, and metastable states is of secondary importance. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 109–115, January–February, 1999.     

人血液荧光的光谱特性及其物质来源

取健康人的静脉血,首次实验测量了人血液的三维荧光光谱,并通过分析荧光激发-发射矩阵研究了血液自体荧光的物质来源。 结果表明：人血液的荧光激发-发射对主要有260-630, 280-340, 340-460, 450-520 nm,它们所对应的内源性荧光物质分别来源于血液中的内源性卟啉,色氨酸,还原烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸(磷酸盐)和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸。 这些物质的荧光激发效率随着激发光波长的变化而表现出显著差异。     

Lanthanide Complex-Based Fluorescence Label for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Bioassay

Different from organic fluorescence dyes, fluorescent lanthanide complexes have the fluorescence properties of long fluorescence lifetime, large Stokes shift and sharp emission profile, which makes them favorable be used as the fluorescent labeling reagents for microsecond time-resolved fluorescence bioassay. Lanthanide complex-based fluorescence labels have been successfully used for highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay, DNA hybridization assay, cell activity assay, and bioimaging microscopy assay. Since the technique allows easy distinction of the specific fluorescence signal of the long-lived label from short-lived background noises associated with biological samples, scattering lights (Tyndall, Rayleigh and Raman scatterings) and the optical components (cuvettes, filters and lenses), the sensitivity of fluorescence bioassay has been remarkably improved. This paper summarized the recent developments of lanthanide complex-based fluorescence labels and their applications in time-resolved fluorescence bioassays mainly based on the authors’ researches and relative publications.     

空心阴极灯激发的微波等离子体炬原子/离子荧光光谱研究--钙的原子/离子荧光光谱

用强短脉冲供电技术的空心阴极灯作激发源、微波等离子体炬作原子／离子化器，建立了原子／离子荧光光谱实验装置。详细研究了微波等离子体功率、观察高度、空心阴极灯电流等因素对原子／离子荧光信号强度的影响，测量了系统对Ca的原子／离子荧光光谱的检出限。     

温和氧气等离子体对薄层二硒化钼的荧光调控

近年来,二硒化钼(MoSe_2)作为二维过渡金属硫属化合物(TMDs)中的一员,引起学术界和产业界的高度关注和广泛研究.薄层MoSe_2由于其比单层MoSe_2厚度大所以光密度较高,在光电器件领域中具有潜在的应用.采用一种处于电容放电模式(E-mode)的温和氧气电感耦合等离子体对薄层MoSe_2进行处理,实现其荧光增强到15倍.结合拉曼、荧光、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪的表征,发现氧等离子中的氧原子通过物理和化学吸附修复了薄层MoSe_2的原始缺陷,从而使其荧光大大增强,同时氧气的化学吸附诱导在MoSe_2层中引入了p型掺杂,由负激子转变为中性激子,此研究为调控薄层MoSe_2的光学特性提供了新途径.     

空气中飞秒激光等离子体荧光辐射光谱研究

系统地研究了不同聚焦条件下飞秒激光空气等离子体的荧光辐射特性以及空间演化情况.在紧聚焦情况下,由于焦点附近比较高的激光强度以及比较高的电子密度,辐射光谱表现为连续谱和线状原子光谱的叠加.在弱聚焦情况下,辐射光谱主要由很多分子线谱组成,而没有观测到连续谱的产生.还研究了光谱谱线强度随激光传输距离的演化情况,结果显示,光谱谱线的强度变化在一定程度上间接反映了等离子体细丝的演化情况.     

Voltage-Gated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

We demonstrate the influence of electrical current on the ability of surface plasmons to amplify fluorescence signatures. An applied direct current across Silver Island Films (SIFs) of low electrical resistance perturbs the fluorescence enhancement. For a given applied current, surface plasmons in just-continuous films are sparsely available for fluorophore dipole-coupling and hence the enhanced fluorescence is gated as a function of the applied current. For thicker, low resistance films, sufficient charge carriers are now present in the metal that metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is perturbed to a lesser extent, induced surface plasmons readily formed on the surface by the close-proximity dipole.     

微波等离子体炬离子/原子荧光光谱研究 --稀土元素铕的离子/原子荧光光谱

文中用微波等离子体炬作离子／原子化器,强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯作激发源,进行了稀土元素的离子／原子荧光检测。详细研究了系统对Ｅｕ检测时的最佳工作条件,对微波等离子体功率,空心阴极灯电流,观测高度等因素对Ｅｕ离子／原子荧光信号的影响进行了讨论,测量了离子荧光和原子荧光谱的检测限。     

Fluorescence of Substituted Tetraazabacteriochlorin

The spectral, energy, and polarization characteristics of the fluorescence of substituted tetraazabacteriochlorin in solution have been obtained. On the basis of the polarization spectrum, the electronic absorption spectrum is interpreted. The quenching of the fluorescence of bacteriochlorin on substitution of methine bridges by aza bridges is noted.     

Polarization of Fluorescence of Excimer Vinylpyrene

The polarization of the excimer luminescence of copolymers of 1-vinylpyrene with methyl methacrylate has been studied. The obtained polarization dependences in absorption and fluorescence spectra differ for luminescence in the region of the maximum of the excimer band and of its longwave portion, which is due to the influence of the nonequilibrium configurations of the dimeric complex on the polarization properties of its luminescence.     

X射线荧光微区分析结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行保健食品中元素含量的测定

X射线荧光光谱微区分析法既有X射线荧光光谱法快速、简便、无损检测等特点,又可对保健食品表面的元素分布进行检测,电感耦合等离子体质谱法具有检出限低、线性范围宽、多元素同时测定等优点,旨在建立一种X射线荧光光谱微区分析法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法联合测定保健食品中元素种类、分布及含量的方法.利用X射线荧光光谱微区分析技术对一...     

LIF diagnostics of hydroxyl radical in a methanol containing atmospheric-pressure plasma jet

In this paper, a pulsed-dc CH_3OH/Ar plasma jet generated at atmospheric pressure is studied by laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) and optical emission spectroscopy(OES). A gas–liquid bubbler system is proposed to introduce the methanol vapor into the argon gas, and the CH3OH/Ar volume ratio is kept constant at about 0.1%. Discharge occurs in a 6-mm needle-to-ring gap in an atmospheric-pressure CH_3OH/Ar mixture. The space-resolved distributions of OH LIF inside and outside the nozzle exhibit distinctly different behaviors. And, different production mechanisms of OH radicals in the needle-to-ring discharge gap and afterglow of plasma jet are discussed. Besides, the optical emission lines of carbonaceous species, such as CH, CN, and C_2 radicals, are identified in the CH_3OH/Ar plasma jet. Finally, the influences of operating parameters(applied voltage magnitude, pulse frequency, pulsewidth) on the OH radical density are also presented and analyzed.