固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的鞣花酸含量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中鞣花酸的含量。样品用甲醇-水(1+1)溶液提取,超声提取10min,以10 000r·min-1转速离心5min,移取5.00mL上清液,经MAX固相萃取柱处理,用甲酸-甲醇(5+95)溶液洗脱。MG C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,以0.2%(体积分数)磷酸-乙腈(18+82)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,检测波长为254nm。线性范围为0.5~100mg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为20mg·kg-1,应用该方法对化妆品中鞣花酸的含量进行检测,加标回收率在83.5%~100%之间。     

分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定药用狗牙花中6种生物碱

建立了分散固相萃取技术（dSPE）结合超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）同时测定狗牙花中6种生物碱的方法。采用单因素实验考察了分散固相萃取各因素对狗牙花中6种生物碱萃取率的影响,确定最佳萃取条件为：以1%氨水甲醇为提取溶剂,固液比（g∶mL）为1∶20,200 mg PSA + 200 mg NH2为混合吸附剂。样品经分散固相萃取后,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸铵为流动相进行UPLC－MS/MS分析。6种生物碱在1～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.983 7,检出限为0.05～0.10 mg/L,定量下限为0.15～0.35 mg/L;在3个加标水平（1、10、50 mg/L）下的回收率为93.2%～98.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于2.9%。采用该方法对6个产地的狗牙花进行检测,6种生物碱的含量为0.07～0.86 mg/g,加标回收率为 91.5%～98.6%,RSD为1.1%～2.9%。结果表明,该方法准确性好,灵敏度高,操作快速简单,可满足狗牙花中生物碱的检测要求。     

黑莓汁及其发酵制品中鞣花酸的高效液相色谱测定

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定黑莓汁及其发酵制品中鞣花酸含量的方法。采用Waters symmetry C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为体积比44∶2∶54的甲醇-乙酸乙酯-KH2PO4/H3PO4(5%)溶液(磷酸调pH为2.7),流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长:0～6 min 400 nm,6～7.5 min 350 nm,7.5～30 min 254 nm。该方法检测黑莓汁中鞣花酸含量,平均回收率为99.08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.077%。同时采用此方法跟踪检测了黑莓发酵液中鞣花酸的含量。结果表明,黑莓汁样品无需经过复杂的前处理,即可达到良好的分离。方法操作简单,准确度高,无杂质干扰,可用于黑莓原汁及黑莓汁发酵制品中鞣花酸含量的测定。     

液液萃取结合分散固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱检测食品包装纸中的4-氨基偶氮苯

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）快速测定食品包装纸中偶氮染料释放的4-氨基偶氮苯.试样在0.5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液的碱性环境下,用连二亚硫酸钠还原试样中的偶氮染料,用甲基叔丁基醚反萃取还原裂解产生的4-氨基偶氮苯,经氮吹、甲醇复溶后,用液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,内标法定量.方法优化了色谱分离、质谱、液液萃取和分散固相萃取等条件.最优化条件下方法的检出限为0.13 mg/kg,定量限为0.42 mg/kg,加标回收率在90%~95%之间（添加水平分别为1、10、30 mg/kg）,相对标准偏差小于5%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中残留的烯唑醇

建立了水果中烯唑醇残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）测定方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷液液振荡提取,经分散固相萃取（DSPE）净化后,采用ODS-C18柱为分离柱,以乙腈-0.1％甲酸溶液为流动相,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(ESI)多反应监测（MRM）正离子模式测定,外标法定量。烯唑醇在0.002～0.2 mg//L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法定量下限（LOQ）为0.001 mg/kg。在0.005～0.1 mg/kg之间的3个添加浓度水平下,添加回收率为78.8 %~108.0 %,相对标     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中7种三唑醇类杀菌剂的残留量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)建立了同时测定蔬菜中环唑醇、三唑醇、粉唑醇、戊唑醇、己唑醇、烯唑醇和联苯三唑醇残留量的分析方法.样品经甲醇提取,分散固相萃取净化后,采用C8色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.05%甲酸梯度洗脱,串联质谱测定,外标法定量.在优化实验条件下,7...     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留

采用固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)建立了多种蔬菜中4种农药残留量的分析方法,并对净化方法、色谱及质谱条件进行优化。蔬菜样品经乙腈提取、提取液经盐析后,取上清液经PC/NH2(或NH2)固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩后,用甲醇定容并过膜,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行外标法定量测定。结果表明,4种农药在5~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 2),在8种蔬菜中的检出限和定量下限分别为0.033~0.167μg/kg和0.10~0.50μg/kg。在10,50,250μg/kg 3个浓度加标水平下,4种农药的回收率为70.9%~123.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。方法准确、灵敏、简单、快速,适用于多种蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留的同时测定。     

蜂蜜中泰妙菌素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定蜂蜜中泰妙菌素残留量的分析方法。样品用甲醇-偏磷酸水溶液提取,OasisMCX SPE小柱净化,经C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。泰妙菌素的方法检出限为0.04μg/kg,定量下限为0.1μg/kg,在0.5～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.999 8。在0.1～5.0μg/kg加标水平内泰妙菌素的回收率为80%～94%,RSD为4.5%～8.1%。该方法实用、准确、灵敏,适用于蜂蜜中泰妙菌素残留量的测定。     

水龙骨中没食子酸与鞣花酸的含量测定

以Spursil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)、甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱、流速1.0 mL/min、检测波长255 nm和柱温30℃为色谱条件，建立了HPLC法测定水龙骨中没食子酸与鞣花酸含量的方法。结果表明：没食子酸在浓度为0.5～5.0 mg·L^-1的范围内(r=0.999 9),鞣花酸在质量浓度为6.944×10^-3～69.44×10^-3μg的范围内(r=0.999 8)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系；没食子酸和鞣花酸平均加样回收率分别为104.21%和101.52%,RSD值分别为4.51%和3.83%;按外标法测得水龙骨中没食子酸含量(n=6)为26.83μg·g^-1,鞣花酸含量(n=6)为62.18μg·g^-1。该测定方法易操作、稳定性及重复性好，为水龙骨药材质量研究提供科学依据。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定香辛调料中的曲托喹酚

采用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）法建立了香辛调料中曲托喹酚的测定方法。样品采用0.2%酸性乙醇提取,经MCX柱净化浓缩后,在ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱上以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,UPLC－MS/MS以MRM方式进行定量分析。结果表明,曲托喹酚在0.1～50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）大于0.998,方法的检出限（LOD）为0.2 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.5 μg/kg。化合物在不同基质的4个加标水平（0.5、2、10、100 μg/kg）下的回收率为74.5%～98.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.1%～9.1%。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于香辛调料中曲托喹酚的测定。     

Evaluation of the Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ellagic Acid and Ellagic Acid Peracetate by EPR Spectrometry

The purpose of this study was to examine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of ellagic acid (EA) and ellagic acid peracetate (EAPA) by measuring their reactions with the radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl using EPR spectroscopy. We have also evaluated the influence of EA and EAPA on the ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation catalyzed by NADPH. The results obtained clearly indicated that EA has tremendous ability to scavenge free radicals, even at concentration of 1 µM. Interestingly even in the absence of esterase, EAPA, the acetylated product of EA, was also found to be a good scavenger but at a relatively slower rate. Kinetic studies revealed that both EA and EAPA have ability to scavenge free radicals at the concentrations of 1 µM over extended periods of time. In cellular systems, EA and EAPA were found to have similar potentials for the inhibition of ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and NADPH-dependent catalyzed microsomal lipid peroxidation.     

Extraction and analysis of ellagic acid from novel complex sources

Ellagic acid (EA) was quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) in five fine-powdered plants collected from the semiarid region of Mexico. Samples analysed included Jatropha dioica branches (Dragon’s blood), Euphorbia antisyphyllitica branches (Candelilla), Turnera diffusa Willd leaves (Damiana), Flourensia cernua leaves (hojasén) and Punica granatum husk (pomegranate) at two maturity stages (“turning” or intermediate and maturated fruit, considered as positive controls). The results demonstrated high EA concentrations in all tested samples which are novel sources of this natural antioxidant. The method developed for the EA analysis is fast and it showed an excellent linearity range, repeatability, intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy with respect to the methods reported for the EA analysis.     

Ellagic acid derivatives from the stem bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dipentodon sinicus</Emphasis>

Ellagic acid derivatives were isolated from Dipentodon sinicus and their structures were identified as 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (1), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (2), 4,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and ellagic acid (7). All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 106–107, March–April, 2007.     

Ellagic acid glycosides from the stem bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphananthe aspera</Emphasis>

Five ellagic acid glycosides were isolated from Aphananthe aspera and their structures were identified as 3-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), 3-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (3), 3,3′, 4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 is new, and all the compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 458–459, September–October, 2007.     

Vitamin C and Phenolic Antioxidants of Jua (Ziziphus joazeiro M.) Pulp: A Rich Underexplored Brazilian Source of Ellagic Acid Recovered by Aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Jua (juá in Portuguese) is an underexplored fruit from Brazil’s northeast. This fruit is rich in antioxidant substances. However, there is a dearth of information about jua’s bioactive potential. The present study evaluated two extraction methods (continuous agitation and ultrasound-assisted extraction—UAE) and employed three different solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone) to efficiently recover soluble phenolic compounds. Aqueous extracts obtained by UAE showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antiradical activity. Besides being an eco-friendly procedure, extraction and/or solubility in an aqueous medium is also important for food application. Ellagic acids were the predominant phenolics (80%) found in aqueous jua pulp extract obtained by UAE, as determined by HPLC, while its TPC was 405.8 gallic acid equivalent per gram of fruit. This extract also exhibited a higher scavenging activity towards peroxyl radicals when compared to that of several other fruits from the literature, including grape, strawberry, cranberry, and walnuts, which are known references in terms of antioxidants. This is the first report that demonstrates jua pulp’s potential as an alternative source of ellagic acid and other phenolic acids and flavonoids. Therefore, the outcome of this study provides new information that can be useful for functional food and nutraceutical industries.     

The Potential Antipyretic Mechanism of Ellagic Acid with Brain Metabolomics Using Rats with Yeast-Induced Fever

Fever is caused by an increase in the heat production process when the body is under the action of a heat source or the dysfunction of the temperature center. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol dilactone that has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected yeast to reproduce an experimental fever model (150 ± 20 g), and the rectal temperature and its change values were subsequently taken 19 h later; the excessive production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin2 (PGE2) induced by yeast was regulated to normal by EA administration. Rat brain metabolomics investigation of pyrexia and the antipyretic anti-inflammatory effect of EA was performed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Twenty-six metabolites, as potential biomarkers, significantly altered metabolites that were found in pyretic rats, and eleven metabolites, as biomarkers of the antipyretic mechanism of EA, were significantly adjusted by EA to help relieve pyrexia, which was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, etc. In conclusion, potential metabolic biomarkers in the brain shed light on the mechanism of EA’s antipyretic effects, mainly involving metabolic pathways, which may contribute to a further understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of fever and therapeutic mechanism of EA.     

新鞣花酸衍生物的合成

以鞣花酸为原料经关键的二异丁基氢化铝还原首次合成了数个拥有4个骨架的多取代联苯化合物,并对其人类肿瘤细胞毒活性进行了体外测试。     

Effect of Ellagic Acid on Seizure Threshold in Two Acute Seizure Tests in Mice

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural dietary polyphenol that has many beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. Studies have revealed that EA may modulate seizure activity in chemically induced animal models of seizures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EA on the seizure threshold in two acute seizure tests in male mice, i.e., in the intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test and in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. The obtained results showed that EA (100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the threshold for both the first myoclonic twitch and generalized clonic seizure in the i.v. PTZ seizure test. At the highest dose tested (200 mg/kg), EA increased the threshold for tonic hindlimb extension in the MEST test. EA did not produce any significant changes in motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) or muscular strength (investigated in the grip-strength test). The plasma and total brain concentration-time profiles of EA after intraperitoneal and oral administration were also determined. Although further studies are necessary to confirm the anticonvulsant activity of EA, our findings suggest that it may modulate seizure susceptibility in animal models.     

A new ellagic acid derivative from Polygonum runcinatum

A new ellagic acid derivative, 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid-4′-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-d-glucoside, named runcinatside (5), together with four known compounds 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid (1), 3,3′,4′-trimethylellagic acid (2), 3,3′-dimethylellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (3) and 3-methylellagic acid-4′-O-α-l-rhamno-pyranoside (4), was isolated from the roots of Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Var. sinense Hemsl and the structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and comparison with previously reported data. All compounds showed antioxidant activities in vitro and compound 5 possessed the highest activity.     

Ellagitannin Digestion in Moth Larvae and a New Dimeric Ellagitannin from the Leaves of Platycarya strobilacea

Ellagitannins (ETs) are plant polyphenols with various health benefits. Recent studies have indicated that the biological activities of ETs are attributable to their degradation products, including ellagic acid and its gut microflora metabolites, such as urolithins. Insect tea produced in the Guangxi region, China, is made from the frass of moth larvae that feed on the ET-rich leaves of Platycarya strobilacea. Chromatographic separation of the Guangxi insect tea showed that the major phenolic constituents are ellagic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, gallic acid, brevifolin, and polymeric polyphenols. Chemical investigation of the feed of the larvae, the fresh leaves of P. strobilacea, showed that the major polyphenols are ETs including pedunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, and a new ET named platycaryanin E. The new ET was confirmed as a dimer of strictinin having a tergalloyl group. The insect tea and the leaves of P. strobilacea contained polymeric polyphenols, both of which were shown to be composed of ETs and proanthocyanidins by acid hydrolysis and thiol degradation. This study clarified that Guangxi insect tea contains ET metabolites produced in the digestive tract of moth larvae, and the metabolites probably have higher bioavailabilities than the original large-molecular ETs of the leaves of P. strobilacea.