三级环氧醇与PCC的非对映性氧化反应研究

报道一类新颖的氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)与三级环氧醇的非对映选择性氧化反应,就反应的立体选择性、化学选择性和可能的反应机理进行了讨论。该反应不仅可用于制备手性的三级环氧醇,同时还可以用于合成含有手性季碳中心的1,3-二酮。     

三级环氧醇与PCC的非对映性氧化反应研究

报道一类新颖的氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)与三级环氧醇的非对映选择性氧化反应,就反应的立体选择性、化学选择性和可能的反应机理进行了讨论。该反应不仅可用于制备手性的三级环氧醇,同时还可以用于合成含有手性季碳中心的1,3-二酮。     

Sm(Ⅲ)催化的三级环氧醇高度非对映选择性重排还原 反应-1, 3-二醇单酯的新 合成方法

本文报道了一个α-羟基环氧化物被Sm(Ⅲ)催化的新颖的串联反应。此反应一步完成了两个连续反应,高度非对映选择性地构筑了三个连续的立体中心。它可以成为一种高度非对映选择性地构筑2-季碳-1,3-二醇结构的一般方法。该反应的条件和机理在文中也作了详细的讨论。     

(E,E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-癸二烯-1,10-二醇的高立体选择性合成

1969年Meinwald等[1]从一系列雄性蝴蝶的"hair pencils"中分离得到一组信息素成分,包括一类新颖的开链倍半萜骨架化合物1-3.尽管这些化合物在结构上与香叶醇相似,但利用香叶醇为原料进行合成的报道[2～5]还不多见.本文以香叶醇为原料,报道了化合物3的一条简便、高立体选择性的合成路线.其关键反应步骤是2,3-环氧醇的碘代重排反应和烯丙基烯基醚的克莱森重排反应.     

用(R)-(+)-缩水甘油的亲核开环反应制备手性连二醇

以D-甘露醇为原料合成(R)-(+)-缩水甘油1。该环氧化合物的亲核开环反应为高立体选择性地(93%-96%e.e.)制备各种手性连二醇提供了一条简便途径。     

雄甾-3,17-二醇衍生物的分子结构研究

罗库溴铵(Rocuronium Bromide)是新的手术前的甾醇类肌松药,其安全性和有效性已得到临床研究和应用的证实.雄甾-3,17-二醇(1)是合成罗库溴铵的关键中间体.用硼氢化钠还原(2α,3α,5α,16β)-2,3-环氧基-16-(1-吡咯)-17-氧代雄甾烷(2),然后在吗啉和水中回流使环氧开环得到雄甾-3,17-二醇(1).高分辨TOF-MS质谱和1H NMR,13C NMR,1H-1H COSY,HSQC,DEPT,HMBC,2D NOESY等核磁共振谱表征确认其分子构造,并且制备和测定了雄甾-3,17-二醇1的单晶结构,确认了它的立体构型.雄甾-3,17-二醇(1)的样品的X粉末衍射分析研究表明其衍射谱与根据单晶数据计算的理论谱一致,因此,合成的雄甾-3,17-二醇(1)的分子结构是(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基)-16-(1-吡咯)雄甾-3,17-二醇,其立体构型与罗库溴铵的立体构型一致.     

1,3-氨基醇的合成研究进展

具有光学活性的1,3-氨基醇既是有机化学中重要的合成砌块,也是众多生物活性分子的核心结构,因此不对称合成1,3-氨基醇一直是合成领域的一个热点.从aldol缩合或azo-aldol缩合合成,过渡金属催化C—H键活化、氨化合成,氮杂环的开环-加成合成,[3+2]偶极环加成反应等方面综述了近年来所发展的1,3-氨基醇的合成方法及进展.     

新的手性源5-(1- 氧基)-3,4-二氯-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成及结构

近年来,γ-取代基α,β-不饱和丁烯内酯的合成及结构性能引起了有机化学界很大的兴趣和重视^[1],由于2(5H)-呋喃酮作为一个结构组分广泛地存在于天然产物中[2],同时也被用作有机合成的中间体^[3].新近,Feringa等^[4]利用4-羟基丁烯内酯与1-薄荷醇的脱水反应,制得了光学纯5-(1- 氧基)-2(5H)0呋喃酮并用于有机合成.我们在此基础上,改进了 4-羟基丁烯内酯的光化学制备方法;探讨了5-(1- 氧基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮的热稳定性及质子催化下差向异构化作用;并进行了不对称Michael加成^[5]和1,3-偶极环加成反应的研究^[6].本文在此基础上,深入探讨了新的手性源5-(1- 氧基)-3,4-二氯-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成以及有关的反应.由于制备方法简便,化学产率较高,光学纯度单一,天然手性助剂薄荷醇来源方便以及γ- 氧基立体专一性控制,它为进一步合成系列新的光学活性化合物提供了有效的途径.     

氢化铝锂还原α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的新反应--一种合成1,3-二醇的简便方法

在0℃下,以四氢呋喃为溶剂,用氢化铝锂还原α,β-不饱和酯和酮,除得到正常的还原产物一醇外,还以适中的产率方便地得到1,3-二醇,该反应原料易得,操作简单,有望应用于合成含有1,3-二醇骨架结构的天然产物.     

手性3,7-二甲基-5,6-二羟基-辛-7-烯醛中间体的合成

以天然长叶薄荷酮[R-(+)-Pulegone]为起始原料,经过一系列立体选择性化学反应步骤,成功地建立了3个手性中心,从而完成了具有抗艾滋病活性Didemnaketals类似物的关键中间体3,7-二甲基-5,6-二羟基-辛-7-烯醛中间体的合成.发现PCC与三级环氧醇8和9的非对映选择性反应,使得9被完全氧化,而8以93%的产率回收,其de值高达98%.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Study of the thermodynamics of adsorption of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile

The thermodynamics of adsorption has been studied of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile (HMP) in water solutions with a concentration ranging from 0.25 g/l to 2.00 g/l on bleached sulphate and unbleached and bleached sulphite celluloses at temperatures of 0, 20, 40, and 60 C.It has been established that with the rise in temperature, the amount of adsorbed polymer —(HMP) decreases. The values of the enthalpy change are negative and show a linear decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed polymer. The adsorption equilibrium is defined by the logarithmic isotherm of Tjumkin, valid for uniform heterogeneous surfaces.With the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP the values of the entropy change become negative and linearly decrease. A compensation effect has been noticed which results from the simultaneous action of the entropy and energy factors.The values of the change of the chemical potential for the three types of cellulose are negative and linearly decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP and with the rise in temperature.     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.