金属-DBR-金属结构中光学Tamm态的弱耦合特性研究

当金属-分布式Bragg反射镜-金属(M1-DBR-M2)结构中的DBR周期数比较大时, M1-DBR-M2中的两光学Tamm态(OTS)发生弱耦合。通过研究M1-DBR-M2结构中OTS弱耦合情况下的反射光谱和OTS本征波长电场分布,揭示了弱耦合情况下的OTS和光隧穿效应。研究结果表明:在弱耦合情况下,金属薄膜M1的厚度影响了OTS的本征波长,而金属薄膜M2的厚度对OTS的本征波长没影响。虽然弱耦合情况下只能激发M1-DBR交界面处的OTS1,但电场局域现象并不是仅仅发生在M1-DBR交界面处,光可以穿过DBR到达并被局域在DBR-M2交界面处,存在光的隧穿效应。光隧穿效应的强弱与两OTS的本征波长失谐量大小有关,本征波长失谐量越小,光隧穿效应越强。两OTS的本征波长失谐量的大小,也影响了光在M1-DBR-M2结构中局域的强弱,本征波长失谐量越小,光的局域现象越强,反射光谱中凹峰处的反射率越小。     

金属介电常数的色散模型对光学Tamm态的影响

比较银介电常数三种色散模型对光学Tamm态的影响,根据三种色散模型的复折射率随波长的变化研究银-光子晶体-银结构TE波和TM波的光学Tamm 态随入射角、银层厚度及周期数的变化.得出：三种色散模型下银-光子晶体-银结构中都会出现两个光学Tamm 态（OTS1和OTS2）.三种色散模型下的光学Tamm 态的波长随入射角、银层厚度及周期数的变化规律一致.但是光学Tamm 态的透射峰值随入射角、银层厚度及周期数的变化规律不一致.Drude-Lorentz模型和Lorentz模型能够描述银的特征,而Drude模型不能.     

Optical Tamm state polaritons in a quantum well microcavity with gold layers

A new type of cavity polariton,the optical Tamm state(OTS) polariton,is proposed to be realized by sandwiching a quantum well(QW) between a gold layer and a distributed Bragg reflector(DBR).It is shown that OTS polaritons can be generated from the strong couplings between the QW excitons and the free OTSs.In addition,if a second gold layer is introduced into the bottom of the DBR,two independent free OTSs can interact strongly with the QW excitons to produce extra OTS polaritons.     

镜面起伏对1.55μm Si基MEMS光滤波器的影响

用传输矩阵方法,在简化的光学模型基础上,分别讨论了分布式Bragg反射镜DBR(Distributed Bragg Reflector)的生长精度及镜面起伏对1.55 μm Si基MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System)可调谐光滤波器透射谱的影响.计算表明:DBR生长误差仅使主透射峰位置发生变化,而镜面起伏是导致主透射峰性能劣化的主要原因,它使得FWHM增大,透射峰强度下降.理论计算结果能较好地解释实验现像.在此基础上,进一步讨论了引起镜面起伏的多种原因,并提出了可能的解决方法.     

金属-光子晶体-金属结构中的双波TE偏振完美吸收

设计了一个一维金属(M1)-光子晶体(PC)-金属(M2)结构,利用传输矩阵理论,通过M1-PC-M2结构反射谱中的dip(凹处)来确定光学Tamm态(OTS),数值计算表明在金属与光子晶体界面处存在两个OTSs,当45 nm≤dM1≤52 nm时,M1-PC-M2结构可同时实现对两个OTSs的横向电场(TE)偏振完美吸收,吸收峰的峰值波长约为743.1 nm与745.7 nm,吸收率均在95%以上。当入射角从0°增大到60°,该结构对两个OTSs的吸收率均在95%以上,同时实现对两个OTSs的TE偏振完美吸收,并且两个吸收峰的峰值波长发生蓝移。当光子晶体周期数在7到15之间变化时,均可实现双波TE偏振完美吸收。     

银-光子晶体-银结构中两Tamm等离子体极化激元的耦合

利用传输矩阵研究了银-光子晶体-银结构中两Tamm等离子体极化激元(TPPs)的耦合态。我们的数值结果表明当光子晶体的周期数n10时,存在两本征波长相同的非耦合Tamm等离子体极化激元(非耦合TPPs),当n≤10时,两非耦合Tamm等离子体极化激元发生耦合,劈裂成两本征波长不同的耦合Tamm等离子体极化激元。随着n的减小,两耦合Tamm等离子体极化激元(耦合TPPs)间的劈裂能量增大,当n=3时,劈裂能量达到287.5meV。从银-光子晶体-银结构中的实时电场分布可以得到:本征波长较长的耦合TPP由两非耦合TPPs对称耦合产生,而本征波长较短的耦合TPP由两非耦合TPPs反对称耦合产生。     

平面金属等离激元美特材料对光学Tamm态及相关激射行为的增强作用

本文对具有类EIR色散特性的平面金属等离激元美特材料(planar plasmonic metamaterials, PPM)对光学Tamm态及相关激射行为的增强作用进行了研究. 我们首先运用传输矩阵方法分析了利用PPM结构的色散来增强光学Tamm态对应模式电磁局域密度的可能性. 其次, 我们将具有类EIR特性的PPM与一维光子晶体(photonic crystal, PC)合在一起设计了一种平面等离激元美特材料-光子晶体(PPM-PC)异质结构. 研究发现, 通过在电磁局域密度最高的PPM结构中(或附近)加入增益介质, 可观察到比通常光学Tamm态更强的激射增强效应及更明显的单色性响应. 这些特性使得这种PPM-PC结构有望被应用于低阈值激光器、荧光增强等方面.     

分布布喇格反射镜的反射特性

采用等效法布里珀罗(FP)腔方法对分布布喇格反射镜(DBR)的特性进行了研究,计算并讨论了上下两层DBR结构非对称模型反射率的变化.设计了DBR反射镜的反射谱中心波长为850nm的结构.随着DBR周期数的增加,腔反射率峰值逐渐增加.上下两层DBR反射镜的厚度由反射率和中心波长决定.实验表明,下DBR的周期数为30对左右,上DBR的周期数为20对左右,易实现激光输出.非对称的双层DBR的反射特性表明理论计算与实验结果基本一致.     

基于超表面的Tamm等离激元与激子的强耦合作用

本文研究了由超表面-介质间隔层-分布式布拉格反射器(distributed Bragg reflector, DBR)构成的等离激元微腔结构中的Tamm等离激元及其与激子间的相互作用.利用超表面中的结构参数变化能够调控光在其表面的反射位相这一特性,可以在微腔结构的介质间隔层厚度保持不变时,通过调节超表面的结构参数来调控微腔结构所支持的Tamm等离激元模式的共振位置,从而为Tamm等离激元模式的调控提供更多自由度.相比于传统金属薄膜-介质间隔层-DBR结构,我们发现超表面的引入及其对反射位相的调控可以使超表面-介质间隔层-DBR结构在更小的间隔层厚度下支持共振在相同波长处的Tamm等离激元模式.此外,结合超表面对场的局域特性,可以有效地降低Tamm等离激元模式体积.在此基础上,对比研究了传统的和基于超表面的Tamm等离激元与单层二硫化钨(WS2)的相互作用,发现基于超表面的Tamm等离激元可以产生更强的光子与激子的强耦合作用,获得更大的拉比(Rabi)劈裂.     

无损耗型及损耗型分布布拉格反射镜光学特性的传输矩阵理论分析及优化(英文)

利用传输矩阵理论对无光学损耗和有光学损耗的分布布拉格反射镜(Distributed Bragg reflector,DBR)分别进行了结构分析与优化。在光场正入射条件下,对具有HL、HLH、LH及LHL结构的DBR内部光场分布情况进行了模拟分析和实验验证。结果表明:光场正入射到DBR后,在HL及HLH型DBR结构内部的光场分布最弱。当组成DBR的材料层消光系数为0.01时,HL及HLH型DBR内部产生的能流密度吸收量最小,为其他结构的10%左右,材料吸收引起的中心波长反射率降低仅为3.6%;而LH及LHL型DBR结构由于材料吸收而导致反射率降低29.2%。因此,采用高折射率材料层作为DBR结构的第一层有利于提高DBR反射率,降低光学吸收。最后,通过MOCVD外延生长了具有HL结构的吸收型Al0.12Ga0.88As/Al0.9Ga0.1As DBR结构,并对其反射特性进行了测试。     

Enhancing terahertz photonic spin Hall effect via optical Tamm state and the sensing application

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), characterized by two splitting beams with opposite spins, has great potential applications in nano-photonic devices, optical sensing fields, and precision metrology. We present the significant enhancement of terahertz (THz) PSHE by taking advantage of the optical Tamm state (OTS) in InSb-distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. The spin shift of reflected light can be dynamically tuned by the structural parameters (e.g. the thickness) of the InSb-DBR structure as well as the temperature, and the maximum spin shift for a horizontally polarized incident beam at 1.1 THz can reach up to 11.15 mm. Moreover, we propose a THz gas sensing device based on the enhanced PSHE via the strong excitation of OTS for the InSb-DBR structure with a superior intensity sensitivity of 5.873×10⁴ mm/RIU and good stability. This sensor exhibits two orders of magnitude improvement compared with the similar PSHE sensor based on InSb-supported THz long-range surface plasmon resonance. These findings may provide an alternative way for the enhanced PSHE and offer the opportunity for developing new optical sensing devices.     

Multiple optical Tamm states at a metal-dielectric mirror interface

The reflectivity map is theoretically investigated by applying the transfer matrix method in a metal-dielectric mirror structure at normal incidence. The existence of multiple optical Tamm states (OTSs) is demonstrated in this structure. It is found that an OTS is periodic resonance with the variation of the top-layer thickness of the dielectric mirror for a given wavelength. The energy for the corresponding OTS mainly depends on the thickness of the top layer. The appropriate thicknesses of metal film are proposed for the convenient observation of OTSs. This work may be useful in designing a new type of multichannel filter in optical communication systems.     

Direct excitation of the Tamm plasmon-polaritons on a dielectric Bragg reflector coated with a metal film

Tamm plasmon-polariton is a surface state or surface wave formed at the boundary between a metal and a dielectric Bragg reflector. In order to directly excite the Tamm plasmon-polaritons with unit transmission, we design a structure of Bragg reflector coated with a metal film. Through the Bloch theorem of periodic structures and transfer matrix method, we deduce the existence conditions of the Tamm plasmon-polaritons. For a a finite structure, the Tamm plasmon-polaritons can be excited, which is dependent on the thickness of metal, the period number of the Bragg reflector, the incident direction and frequency. On proper conditions, a perfect transmission for the Tamm plasmon-polariton mode can be achieved without the use of attenuated total reflection prism coupling or diffraction grating.     

Transverse localization of Tamm plasmon in metal-DBR structure with disordered layer

Transverse localization of the optical Tamm plasmon(OTP) is studied in a metal-distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)structure with a one-dimensional disordered layer embedded at the interface between the metal and the DBR. The embedded disordered layer induces multiple scattering and interference of light, forming the light localization in the transverse direction. This together with the formation of Tamm plasmonic modes at the metal-DBR interface(i.e., the confinement of light in the longitudinal direction), gives birth to the so called transverse-localized Tamm plasmon. It is shown that for both transverse electric(TE) and transverse magnetic(TM) polarized light injection, the excited transverse-localized Tamm plasmon broadens and splits the dispersion curve due to spatial incoherence in the transverse direction, thus proving the stronger light confinement especially in the TE polarized injection. By adding the gain medium, specific random lasing modes are observed. The proposed study could be an efficient way of trapping and locally enhancing light on a subwavelength scale,which is useful in applications of random lasers, optical sensing, and imaging.     

Controllable switching behavior of optical Tamm state based on nematic liquid crystal

The controllable behavior of optical Tamm state (OTS) is investigated in a heterostructure with nematic liquid crystal (NLC). By changing the external fields (electric field and temperature), the orientation of NLC’s molecules can be modified. It offers us an effective way to control the optical properties of the optical Tamm state. We obtain the critical condition for the appearance of the optical Tamm state. Our theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that through choosing appropriate parameters we can not only change the frequency position of the optical Tamm state, but also realize the disappearance of the OTS.     

Bistable switching using an optical Tamm cavity with a Kerr medium

All-optical bistable switching is proposed to realize by using an optical Tamm cavity in which a Kerr medium is sandwiched between a metal layer and a Bragg mirror. Results show that the excitation of clockwise and counterclockwise bistable switching under the control of external optical injection is due to the presence of optical Tamm states. In addition, the bistable characteristics of optical Tamm cavities are found to be sensitive to the polarization of external optical injection.     

基于塔姆激元-表面等离极化激元混合模式的单缝加凹槽纳米结构的增强透射

金属单缝纳米结构因为结构简单、易于集成,常用在基于表面等离极化激元(surface plasmon polaritons,SPPs)的纳米结构中构建光源.但是,金属亚波长单缝结构一直存在透射率低的问题,如何提高其透射率一直是研究的重点.为了更好地提高金属亚波长单缝的透射率,本文对之前文献提出的分布式布拉格反射镜(distributed bragg reflector,DBR)和金属银薄膜纳米缝结构进行改进,在金属银薄膜两侧设计凹槽.当TM偏振光由DBR侧入射至DBR-银纳米缝结构时,DBR-银膜界面上和银膜入射侧凹槽一起激发的塔姆激元(Tamm plasmon polaritons,TPPs)和SPPs,以及纳米缝和银膜出射侧凹槽对的SPPs同时激发,利用凹槽激发的SPPs和银膜表面处的TPPs-SPPs混合模式的干涉相长耦合作用,通过塔姆激元的局域场增强效应和两侧凹槽与单纳米缝的干涉相长耦合作用进一步提高了表面等离极化激元模式的激发效率,再加上纳米缝中的类法布里-珀罗腔共振效应,使纳米缝的透射率得到增强.本文采用有限元方法研究了DBR-银纳米缝结构上单纳米缝加凹槽的透射特性.经过一系列参数优化,使DBR-银纳米缝凹槽结构的最大透射率增加到0.22,相对于TiO_2-银纳米缝结构的透射率(0.01)提高了22倍,比文献[23]得到的最大透射率0.166有所提高.研究结果在纳米光源设计、光子集成电路和光学信号传输等相关领域具有一定的应用价值.