由BaTiO3晶体结构相变时的介电特性研究其电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径

在不同频率和偏置电场下测量了BaTiO₃晶体从三方相到正交相再到四方相相变过程中的介电温谱.基于BaTiO₃晶体在电场作用下的偶极子偏转假设和介电特性实验结果,提出BaTiO₃各结构相在电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径可以由其相邻相的介电常数随温度的变化特性表现出来.推断出各结构相的偶极子偏转路径,以及偏置电场对偶极子偏转路径的影响. 关键词： 3晶体')" href="#">BaTiO₃晶体 介电特性 结构相变 偶极子偏转路径     

铌锰锆钛酸铅铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应

研究了Pb［(Zr052Ti048)095(Mn1/3Nb2/3)005］O3 (PMnN_PZT) 铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应,结果显示在高频和室温条件下测试铁电特性时,电滞回线呈现“束腰”形状,而不是通常所看到的方形回线 . 在低频和高温条件下测试时才能观察到正常的方形回线,同时,诸如矫顽场、极化强度、 内偏场这些重要的铁电参数也会随频率和温度发生显著的变化. 剩余极化强度随频率和温度 的大幅增长表明“束腰” 电滞回线有可能是由于缺陷偶极子引起的. 电滞回线形状与温度 和频率存在较强的相关性说明缺陷偶极子存在一特征弛豫时间,缺陷偶极子反转响应速度由 此弛豫时间决定. 关键词： 电滞回线 氧空位 频率响应 温度响应     

铁电体中偶极子的滞后对剩余极化的影响

铁电体的剩余极化强度随温度降低而下降的特性引起了人们对铁电体存储数据失效的担心.运用铁电体的唯象理论和偶极子对交变电场的响应,提出了在电滞回线测量中偶极子的滞后冷冻效应模型,对极化的低温退化现象做了合理解释:温度下降导致吉布斯自由能势垒增大,致使偶极子对交变电场的响应时间延长.引入响应的滞后因子发现,极化强度随温度降低会出现峰值,在低温下降直至为零,可用偶极子的滞后与冻结效应描述.详细研究结果表明:因材料组份变化导致热力学参量的变化是重要因素:铁电-顺电相变中软模系数的增大会导致剩余极化峰移向高温;铁电性的增强,温度极化系数的增大和耐压强度或饱和电场的增强均会抑制滞后效应,从而使低温滞后效应移向低温.运用导出的公式数值模拟Ba Ti O_3/Bi Sc O_3复合陶瓷剩余极化强度的实验结果发现,Bi Sc O3含量的增加,使居里温度略有减小,但导致了软模系数较大幅度的增加,其结果是使偶极子的滞后效应发生在较高的温度.软模系数与铁电体的极化特性、铁电性、介电性和力学性均密切相关.研究结论表明:在低温下铁电体的铁电性没有失效,偶极子的低温冻结效应更有利于铁电体长久地保存数据.     

等静压下0.75Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.25PbTiO3陶瓷的介电性能研究

研究了等静压对0.75Pb（Mg_1/3Nb_2/3）O₃-0.25PbTiO₃（PMN-25PT）陶瓷介电温谱的影响,PMN-25PT剩余极化随等静压变化和等静压压致相变.结果表明,随着压力增加,PMN-25PT的介电峰值温度T_m降低,/+{dT_m}/-{dP}≈-4℃/kbar,极化弛豫增强;剩余极化随压力增加连续减小;介电常数对压力的依赖关系与对温度场的依赖相似,压力诱导PMN-25PT发生弛豫铁电—顺电相变,相变为宽化的渐变过程,频率色散和极化弛豫更加强烈和普遍. 关键词： 铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅 等静压 介电弛豫 压致相变     

由BaTiO3晶体结构相变时的介电特性研究其电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径

在不同频率和偏置电场下测量了BaTiO3晶体从三方相到正交相再到四方相相变过程中的介电温谱.基于BaTiO3晶体在电场作用下的偶极子偏转假设和介电特性实验结果,提出BaTiO3各结构相在电场作用下的偶极子偏转路径可以由其相邻相的介电常数随温度的变化特性表现出来.推断出各结构相的偶极子偏转路径,以及偏置电场对偶极子偏转路径的影响.     

La诱导(Pb(1-3x/2)Lax)(Zr0.5Sn0.3Ti0.2)O3反铁电介电弛豫研究

采用标准电子陶瓷工艺制备了(Pb_(1-3x/2)La_x)(Zr_0.5Sn_0.3Ti_0.2)O₃(PLZST,0.00≤x≤0.18)反铁电陶瓷,利用X射线衍射、不同频率下弱场介电温谱、强场下的极化强度-电场(P-E)测试研究了材料相结构和电学性能.实验结果发现,随La含量x增大,室温下材料由铁电三方相(关键词： 反铁电陶瓷 介电频率色散 相变弥散 介电弛豫     

铁电材料中电场对唯象系数和电卡强度的影响

由于电场强度能够影响铁电材料的极化强度和介电常数,因此唯象系数a0是电场强度的隐函数.在铁电相区域,唯象系数a0由铁电极化强度和介电常数倒数确定,是电场的非线性函数.在顺电相区域,唯象系数a0由介电常数倒数确定,也是电场的非线性函数.本文研究了铁电共聚物、铁电三聚物和钛酸锶钡钙陶瓷的唯象系数与电场的关系,发现唯象系数随电场的增加而增加,最大约1倍.电卡强度被用来表征电卡材料在电场作用下的电卡效应强弱,通过研究电卡强度可以发现高效率的电卡材料.本文通过热力学理论,得到了电卡强度的解析表达式,发现唯象系数、相变温度、极化强度、比热以及相变温度处的介电常数峰值,对电卡强度具有明显的影响.该表达式适用于一级相变材料、二级相变材料、以及弛豫型铁电体.     

用Weiss分子场理论对有外电场时铁电体系相变特征的研究

Weiss分子场理论(WMFT)对晶体中顺磁-铁磁和顺电-铁电相变特征的定量描述是相当成功的. 由于是平均场理论,又可作为初步分析结构无序体系和复杂组分体系相变行为的理论依据. 但是迄今为止,并没有对有外场时WMFT的相变特征进行详细研究. 而对铁电体系,仅仅对分子取向为两个状态时WMFT的相变特征进行了研究. 另外,虽然铁磁与铁电体系的WMFT描述极为相似,但是由于两种体系中微观磁化和极化的单元不同,导致相应的数学描述与结果也有所不同. 本文首先对外电场中分子取向包含任意状态的铁电体系的WMFT相变特征, 包括自发极化、内能和比热以及静态极化率随温度变化进行严格推导, 然后对相变特征随外电场的演变进行了研究.结果表明: 1)无外场时,体系发生二级顺电-铁电相变,且随状态数的增加,相变温度减小, 这是与铁磁体系不同的地方,同时单分子的平均极化强度减小,而内能、比热和极化率增大; 2)外场的存在,使得体系原有的二级相变转化为弥散相变,且外场越强,弥散温区越大. 上述结果对深入研究铁电体系的相变,特别是弥散相变无疑是有益的.     

球形无规键无规场模型研究弛豫铁电体极化效应

基于球形无规键无规场模型和电场作用下弛豫铁电体微畴-宏畴机理,利用模糊畴界观点以及电场对极化的分数维效应,分析了电场对畴的作用机理.研究结果表明:电场对畴的诱导偶极子增量的极化效应导致了电滞回线的不饱和及相关的大的电致伸缩效应;而畴的偶极子增量耦合时结合能的变化对低电场的电滞回线略有影响,但基本不会改变高电场时的极化状态.初始微畴大小对电滞回线非常重要,细小的微畴会导致细长的电滞回线及电场与电致伸缩良好的线性关系.     

外加电场对铁电薄膜相变的影响

采用热力学非线性理论,研究了外加电场对立方基底Pb(Zr_0.3Ti_0.7)O₃(PZT)铁电薄膜相变的影响.通过数值计算,得到了"失配应变-外加电场"相图,及外加电场与极化强度的关系.当外加电场达到186 kV/cm时,能使生长在SrTiO₃ 基底上PZT铁电薄膜从单斜r相转变为c相.在实验上,采用扫描探针显微镜通过对PZT薄膜施加不同的极化电场来研究了它的电畴翻转.从得到的压电响应相图可以看出,绝大多数的电畴是清晰可 关键词： 铁电薄膜 相变 扫描探针显微镜 失配应变     

Effect of electric field on the dielectric permittivity of betaine phosphite crystals in the paraelectric phase

Temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity of betaine phosphite crystals are studied both without and under application of an electric bias. It is shown that, in view of the fact that the high-temperature improper ferroelastic (antiferrodistorsive) phase transition at T _c1=355 K is nearly tricritical, the nonlinear temperature dependence of inverse dielectric permittivity in the paraelectric phase and the effect of the field on the dielectric permittivity can be described within a phenomenological model containing two coupled (polar and nonpolar) order parameters with a negative coupling coefficient. An analysis of the model revealed that, in the case where two phase transitions, a nonpolar and a ferroelectric one, can occur in the crystal, all of its dielectric properties, including the polarization response in a field, can be described by one dimensionless parameter a. For the crystal under study, we have a=?2.5. This value of the parameter corresponds to a second-order ferroelectric transition far from the tricritical point, at which a=?1. It is shown that the polarization response in the paraelectric phase in an electric field calculated within this model differs radically from that in the ferroelectric phase-transition model for which the Curie-Weiss law holds in the paraelectric phase.     

Mechanism of the polarization response in the relaxor state of lead scandotantalate single crystals with different levels of ion ordering

The dielectric properties and optical transmission of stoichiometric lead scandotantalate (PST) single crystals in strong electric fields was studied above the temperature of the spontaneous ferroelectric phase transition (T_sp). It is shown that the mechanism of polarization response directly above T_sp is related to induced polarization effects and macrohysteretic behavior only in ac fields above 5 kV/cm. Ananalysis of reciprocal dielectric permittivity carried out over a broad temperature range far above the temperature at which the dielectric permittivity passes through a maximum revealed that specific features of the relaxor behavior manifest themselves up to 400°C even in highly ordered PST crystals.     

Coexistence of the relaxor-like and ferroelectric behavior in K1-xLixTaO3

ABSTRACT

The results of low-temperature linear and nonlinear susceptibilities, polarization measurements and the dc electric field dependence of the dielectric properties of the lithium-doped potassium tantalate K_1-xLi_xTaO₃, x = 0.034 (KLT-3.4%Li) solid solution are presented. The coexistence of the relaxor-like and ferroelectric behavior and different mechanisms leading to either of them are discussed. The observed ferroelectric phase transition is of the first-order type with temperature hysteresis. This transition is due to the off-center motions of Ta ions in the octahedral environment of oxygen ions. Clusters of Li⁺ ions produce a relaxor-like behavior and random electric field. This field reduces the depolarization field and allows off-center motions of Ta ions and an appearance of spontaneous polarization.     

Time relaxation of permittivity in [(CH3)2NH2]3CuCl5 crystal under external electric field

Continuation of our previous studies connected with dielectric properties of tris-dimethylammoniumpentachlorocuprate crystal [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₃CuCl₅ crystal under the influence of electric field are presented in this article. We studied the time dependence of the permittivity under the influence of electric field at constant temperatures above T _c. In experiment, slow but significant decrease of permittivity was observed, which can be described with two main relaxation processes. The observed dielectric behavior can be related to the coexistence of phases and slow transition to ferroelectric one through long-time metastable states connected with the presence of incommensurate phase in the studied crystal. The coexistence of phases and slow transition was confirmed from the appearance of induced polarization under external electric field, measured as depolarization current.     

Piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in polyvinylidene fluoride

The dielectric, elastic and electrostrictive constants of polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf) are influenced by thermal molecular motion, particularly at the glass transition temperature. High temperature poling is caused by both dipolar orientation and space-charge redistribution. Low temperature poling and dielectric hysteresis under a strong electric field are caused by crystalline dipolar orientation. The ferroelectric nature of pvdf is confirmed by x-ray and infrared analyses. The piezoelectric constants for a single crystal are theoretically calculated in agreement with experimental values. The piezoelectricity in poled films originates from the intrinsic piezoelectricity of the crystal and the residual polarization in the crystal coupled with electrostriction and dimensional change in the non-crystalline phase.     

Quasi-static loops of the dielectric hysteresis for a photosensitive relaxor ferroelectric crystal in the temperature range of the diffuse phase transition

This paper reports on the results of an investigation into the dielectric hysteresis loops of La-and Ce-doped barium strontium niobate, a photosensitive relaxor ferroelectric, both in the dark and under illumination with an intensity of 0.22 mW/cm². Measurements are performed in a quasi-static electric field at a frequency of 5 × 10^?4 Hz for different temperatures in the range of the diffuse phase transition. Illumination increases the hysteresis loop amplitude. The amplitude and the coercive field decrease under heating, and the difference between the loops measured for illuminated and unilluminated crystals disappears gradually as the temperature of the maximum in the permittivity is approached. The experimental results are not in conflict with the assumption that random internal relaxor fields are screened by photoinduced carriers.     

强电场作用下反铁电锆钛酸铅的介电行为研究

采用电滞回线方法和偏置直流电场中叠加小交变电场方法研究了锆钛酸铅反铁电陶瓷材料在强电场作用下的介电行为.测量结果显示，锆钛酸铅反铁电材料的介电常数随外加电场强度呈非线性变化，在反铁电 铁电转变的电场区间形成介电峰.表征极化强度随电场强度变化率的微分介电常数εd峰值出现在反铁电 铁电转换电场强度处，最高达到41000.随着偏置电场增加反铁电向铁电体转变过程中，小信号介电常数εc减小；在电场降低铁电回复成反铁电过程中，小信号介电常数εc增大，小信号介电常数εc峰先于微分介电常数εd峰出现.根据电场作用下反铁电 关键词： 锆钛酸铅反铁电陶瓷 介电行为 强电场条件     

Ferroelectric,magnetoelectric and photoelectric properties of BiFeO3 /LaNiO3 heterostructure

BiFeO₃/LaNiO₃ (BFO/LNO) heterostructure was fabricated on quartz substrate via RF sputtering method. The microstructure and surface morphology of the BFO/LNO heterostructure was demonstrated. BFO layer shows good ferroelectric and weak ferromagnetic characters at room temperature. The dielectric constants of the heterostructure under an applied magnetic field 1.2T and zero field are both decreased with increasing frequency at room temperature and the dielectric constant under the applied magnetic field is larger, which is attributed to the coupling between the electric and magnetic dipoles, and further demonstrated in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory for second phase transition. Additionally, the photoconductivity of the heterostructure under blue-laser illumination was observed, and the photoconductivity increase with the enhanced power of the blue-laser.     

Specific features in the ferroelectric properties of Sr<Subscript>0.75</Subscript>Ba<Subscript>0.25</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>6</Subscript> crystals

The dielectric properties of strontium-barium niobate crystals with a strontium concentration of 0.75, which corresponds to the most smeared ferroelectric phase transition, were measured. The dielectric hysteresis loops and the polarization relaxation are shown to exhibit clearly pronounced features characteristic of crystals with structural disorder and a broad distribution of a random internal electric field. The measurements were performed in dc, slowly varying (quasi-static), and pulsed electric fields. The experimental data obtained are used to construct the distribution function for the coercive field in the crystal bulk.     

General features of the intrinsic ferroelectric coercive field

The value of the intrinsic ferroelectric coercive field is obtained independently, from general energy considerations and from the predictions of several models of the ferroelectric state. All predictions yield a value of the order of the depolarization field, which is equal to the spontaneous polarization divided by the dielectric permittivity, and are consistent with the recent measurements of the intrinsic ferroelectric coercive field in ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett films of copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene. Prior studies succeeded only in measuring the much smaller extrinsic coercive fields, which are limited by nucleation processes and domain motion.