通过被动介质耦合的两螺旋波的同步

采用Br模型研究了通过被动介质耦合的两二维可激发系统中螺旋波的同步,被动介质由可激发元素组成,这些元素之间不存在耦合.数值模拟结果表明,被动介质对螺旋波的同步有很大影响,当两系统中的初态螺旋波相同时,被动介质可导致稳定螺旋波发生漫游,螺旋波转变为螺旋波对或反靶波;当两系统中的初态螺旋波不同步时,在适当的参数下,两螺旋波可以实现同步、相同步,此外还观察到两螺旋波波头相互排斥、多螺旋波共存、同步的时空周期斑图、系统演化到静息态等现象.在被动介质中,一般可观察到波斑图,但是在某些情况下,被动介质会出现同步振荡现象.这些结果有助于人们理解心脏系统中出现的时空斑图.     

两层耦合可激发介质中螺旋波转变为平面波

采用Br-Eiswirth模型研究了两层耦合可激发介质中螺旋波的动力学,两层介质通过网络连接,即在每一层介质上,每一列选一个可激发单元作为中心点,在一层介质上同一列的可激发单元只与另一层介质上对应的中心点及其8个邻居有耦合.数值模拟结果表明:通过这种局部耦合,在适当小的耦合强度下两耦合螺旋波可实现同步,增大耦合强度会导致螺旋波漫游和漂移,造成螺旋波不同步,观察到螺旋波与静息态、低频平面波和不规则斑图共存现象.在适当强的耦合强度下,还观察到两螺旋波转变成同步的平面波消失现象.对产生这些现象的物理机理做了讨论.     

三层弱循环耦合可激发介质中螺旋波动力学

采用Bär模型研究了具有循环反馈耦合的三层可激发介质中的螺旋波动力学行为,数值模拟结果显示: 在耦合强度较小时, 在各子系统中可观察到螺旋波漂移或漫游; 当耦合强度稍大时, 相互作用既可以使螺旋波漫游或漂移出系统边界而使子系统回到静息态,还可以使子系统的螺旋波态转变为靶波或湍流态, 并观察到子系统的渐近态依赖初值现象; 继续增大耦合强度, 三个子系统的螺旋波可达到近似广义同步; 当耦合强度更大时, 螺旋波演化为湍流态.     

两个延迟耦合FitzHugh-Nagumo系统的动力学行为

考虑了两个延迟耦合FitzHugh-Nagumo系统，首先分析两点延迟耦合的动力学行为，给出静息态的局部稳定和不稳定的参数区. 螺旋波同步、共同的静息态以及两个系统不同的状态出现在静息态稳定参数区内，在这些态的过渡耦合强度参数区内会出现很多演化图样，它们反映了螺旋波波头、波体和波尾的不同，也反映空间尺度对螺旋波的影响.讨论了静息态局部不稳定参数区内，两点延迟耦合的动力学行为和相应参数下两个延迟耦合反应-扩散系统的斑图动力学行为. 关键词： FitzHugh-Nagumo系统 螺旋波 同步     

非对称耦合两层可激发介质中的螺旋波动力学

本文采用Bär-Eiswirth模型研究了两层可激发介质中螺旋波的动力学, 两层介质采用抑制和兴奋性非对称耦合. 数值模拟结果表明: 兴奋性非对称耦合可以促进两个不同频率的螺旋波锁频, 即使初始频率相差大, 两螺旋波也能实现锁频, 这种耦合使两个螺旋波具有最强的锁频能力; 当两层介质采用抑制性非对称耦合时, 只有当两个初始螺旋波的频率差比较小才能实现锁频, 而且比一般扩散耦合的锁频范围窄, 两螺旋波锁频能力达到最低水平; 当耦合强度和控制参数适当选取时, 抑制性和兴奋性非对称耦合既可以使其中一层介质维持螺旋波态, 使另一层介质中的螺旋波演化到静息态或低频靶波态, 也可以使两层介质中的螺旋波都漫游, 或都转变成靶波, 最后这两个靶波要么消失, 要么转变成平面波状的振荡斑图, 而且两层介质振荡是反相的, 此外在模拟中还观察到两螺旋波局部间歇锁频现象, 这些结果有助于人们理解在心脏系统中出现的复杂现象.     

耦合可激发介质中螺旋波的控制研究

采用Br模型研究了三层耦合可激发介质中螺旋波的控制.相邻层之间采用双向耦合.利用加在第二层介质上的局域周期信号产生的平面波来消除螺旋波.数值模拟表明:只有当三层介质的耦合满足一定条件才可能实现螺旋波的控制,可以通过耦合互补方式实现螺旋波的控制;平面波与低频螺旋波的相互作用可以产生高频螺旋波,导致螺旋波不能被消除;存在优化的驱动宽度,过大或过小的驱动宽度需要增加第一、三层介质的耦合强度.观察到控制结果依赖控制时机的现象.研究结果可用于植入式心脏除颤器的设计.     

极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制

螺旋波在不同的物理、化学和生物系统中普遍存在.周期外场,比如极化电场,尤其是具有旋转对称性的圆极化电场可对螺旋波动力学产生重要影响.本文综述了极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制,包括共振漂移、同步、手征对称性破缺、多臂螺旋波的稳定、次激发介质中的螺旋波、三维回卷波湍流态的控制、心脏组织中螺旋波的去钉扎、心脏组织中螺旋波湍流态的控制等.     

离散可激发介质中早期后去极化对螺旋波影响的数值研究

通过考虑某些不应态也可以被激发,在离散可激发介质Greenberg-Hasting模型中引入早期后去极化行为,研究了早期后去极化对螺旋波的影响.数值结果表明:在适当选择参数下,早期后去极化对螺旋波有很大影响,这些影响包括使螺旋波漫游、漂移和破碎,导致螺旋波波纹被扭曲和波臂粗细交替变化,以及导致螺旋波的周期在两个值之间交替变化,产生从稳定螺旋波到呼吸螺旋波和反螺旋波的相变等.当不应态的激发阈值很高时,早期后去极化对螺旋波没有影响.对发生上述现象作了简要的讨论. 关键词： 离散可激发介质 螺旋波 早期后去极化     

传导延迟对螺旋波动力学行为的影响

采用Greenberg-Hastings离散激发介质模型研究传导延迟对螺旋波动力学行为的影响.模拟结果表明:某些情况下,延迟对螺旋波动力学行为无影响;在适当参数下,可观察到螺旋波波长和波速的改变、呼吸螺旋波、多臂螺旋波以及螺旋波和反螺旋波共存现象,对产生这些现象的物理机制作了简要的解释.     

神经元网络中局部同步引发的各种效应

在大脑皮层中,神经元大范围的同步放电可以引发癫痫,而癫痫发作期间可以自发出现螺旋波,大量神经元的同步放电与螺旋波自发产生之间的关系目前仍不清楚.本文通过增加水平长程连接构造了具有局域长程耦合区的二维神经元网络,采用Morris-Lecar神经元模型研究了具有多个长方形长程耦合区的神经元网络中波的传播,数值模拟结果表明:传播方向与长程耦合朝向平行的平面波和靶波经过长程耦合区会导致长程耦合区内的神经元同步激发,这种同步激发伴随一部分神经元延迟激发,而另一部分提前激发;当长程耦合区宽度超过临界宽度时,长程耦合区所有神经元延迟激发;当长程耦合区宽度超过最大导通宽度时,波将不能通过长程耦合区.当适当选择长方形长程耦合区的尺寸时,神经元同步激发可使网络出现波回传效应和具有波传播方向的选择性,而且这种波传播方向的选择性对神经元是否处于定态和耦合强度变化很敏感,以致高频平面波列可以部分通过宽度超过最大导通宽度的长程耦合区,因此可以通过对长程耦合区内的神经元施加微扰来控制低频波是否可以通过一定宽度的长程耦合区.对于适当选取的神经元网络结构,当平面波或靶波经过长程耦合区时,网络可自发出现自维持平面波、螺旋波和靶波等现象.本文对产生这些现象的物理机制作了分析.     

Segmented Spiral Waves and Anti-phase Synchronization in a Model System with Two Identical Time-Delayed Coupled Layers

In this paper, we consider a model system with two identical time-delayed coupled layers. Synchronization and anti-phase synchronization are exhibited in the reactive system without diffusion term. New segmented spiral waves, which are constituted by many thin trips, are found in each layer of two identical time-delayed coupled layers, and are different from the segmented spiral waves in a water-in-oil aerosol sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT） microemulsion （ME） （BZ-AOT system）, which consists of many small segments. ＂Anti-phase spiral wave synchronization＂ can be realized between the first layer and the second one. For different excitable parameters, we also give the minimum values of the coupling strength to generate segmented spiral waves and the tip orbits of spiral waves in the whole bilayer.     

Projective synchronization of two coupled excitable spiral waves

Interaction of two identical excitable spiral waves in a bilayer system is studied. We find that the two spiral waves can be completely synchronized if the coupling strength is sufficiently large. Prior to the complete synchronization, we find a new type of weak synchronization between the two coupled systems, i.e., the spiral wave of the driven system has the same geometric shape as the spiral wave of the driving system but with a much lower amplitude. This general behavior, called projective synchronization of two spiral waves, is similar to projective synchronization of two coupled nonlinear oscillators, which has been extensively studied before. The underlying mechanism is uncovered by the study of pulse collision in one-dimensional systems.     

Synchronization and Asynchronization in Two Coupled Excitable Systems

The synchronization and asynchronization of two coupled excitable systems are investigated. The two systems with different initial configurations, which are separately a single spiral wave (or a travel wave) and the rest state, can be developed to the synchronizing state with the same spiral wave (or travel wave) in each system, when the coupling is very strong. Decreasing the coupling intensity, two rest states or two different configurations appear in the two systems. The qualitative analysis and interpretation are given.     

Synchronization of spiral waves in a two-layer coupled inhomogeneous excitable system

We studied synchronization behaviours of spiral waves in a two-layer coupled inhomogeneous excitable system. It was found that phase synchronization can be observed under weak coupling strength. By increasing the coupling strength, the synchronization is broken down. With the further increase of the coupling strength, complete synchronization and phase synchronization occur again. We also found that the inhomogeneity in excitable systems is helpful to the synchronization.     

Effects of reduced discrete coupling on filament tension in excitable media

Wave propagation in the heart has a discrete nature, because it is mediated by discrete intercellular connections via gap junctions. Although effects of discreteness on wave propagation have been studied for planar traveling waves and vortexes (spiral waves) in two dimensions, its possible effects on vortexes (scroll waves) in three dimensions are not yet explored. In this article, we study the effect of discrete cell coupling on the filament dynamics in a generic model of an excitable medium. We find that reduced cell coupling decreases the line tension of scroll wave filaments and may induce negative filament tension instability in three-dimensional excitable lattices.     

Suppressing arrhythmias in cardiac models using overdrive pacing and calcium channel blockers

Recent findings indicate that ventricular fibrillation might arise from spiral wave chaos. Our objective in this computational study was to investigate wave interactions in excitable media and to explore the feasibility of using overdrive pacing to suppress spiral wave chaos. This work is based on the finding that in excitable media, propagating waves with the highest excitation frequency eventually overtake all other waves. We analyzed the effects of low-amplitude, high-frequency pacing in one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks of coupled, excitable cells governed by the Luo-Rudy model. In the one-dimensional cardiac model, we found narrow high-frequency regions of 1:1 synchronization between the input stimulus and the system's response. The frequencies in this region were higher than the intrinsic spiral wave frequency of cardiac tissue. When we paced the two-dimensional cardiac model with frequencies from this region, we found that spiral wave chaos could, in some cases, be suppressed. When we coupled the overdrive pacing with calcium channel blockers, we found that spiral wave chaos could be suppressed in all cases. These findings suggest that low-amplitude, high-frequency overdrive pacing, in combination with calcium channel inhibitors (e.g., class II or class IV antiarrhythmic drugs), may be useful for eliminating fibrillation. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

随机扰动对螺旋波动力学的影响研究

心脏中的心肌组织是一种典型的可激发介质, 鉴于心肌细胞分布的离散性, 采用离散可激发介质模型研究了不应态时间随机扰动对螺旋波动力学行为的影响, 在扰动随机出现情况下, 螺旋波的稳定性与受扰元胞的数目和扰动幅度有关, 数值计算结果表明: 在适当的条件下, 可以观察到螺旋波漫游、破碎和消失现象, 并简要分析了产生这些现象的机理. 关键词： 螺旋波 激发介质 随机扰动