大尺寸优质声光晶体TeO2的生长

采用坩埚下降法生长了二氧化碲(TeO2)声光晶体,从原料角度分析了散射、云雾状云层等缺陷的形成,研究了晶体开裂和晶体结构的关系,从而确定了晶体生长最佳工艺条件为生长速率<0.6mm/h,固液界面的温度梯度约为45°C/cm,沿<110>方向生长可减少开裂.获得了尺寸大于55×55×120mm3的优质TeO2晶体,并测试了晶体的性能.     

CZ法生长参数对TeO2晶体质量的影响

本文主要讨论CZ法生长TeO2晶体中温度梯度、拉速、转速等工艺参数对晶体质量的影响,分析了晶体开裂、包裹物等宏观缺陷以及位错等微观缺陷的形成机理.从晶体形态、包裹体和位错密度变化等方面探讨了晶体生长参数与晶体缺陷之间的内在关系.     

钼酸铅单晶生长及其缺陷研究

本文通过CZ法生长钼酸铅单晶,讨论了温度梯度、拉速、转速等生长参数对晶体质量的影响,分析了晶体开裂、包裹物等宏观缺陷以及位错等微观缺陷的形成机理,并从晶体形态、包裹体和位错密度变化方面探讨了晶体生长参数与晶体缺陷之间的内在关系,从而优化温度梯度等生长参数.温度梯度为20～25℃/cm,晶体转速为28r/min,拉速为1.6mm/h时,生长出的晶体形态完整,无开裂现象,晶体中无气泡包裹体,位错密度明显减小,晶体尺寸达φ40mm×70mm,无散射颗粒,在波长0.42～5.5μm范围内,平均透光率为72.6;.     

Bridgman法生长TeO2晶体的缺陷分析

采用Bridgman法生长了二氧化碲(TeO2)晶体,运用光学显微镜、电子衍射光谱、化学腐蚀等方法分析了该方法生长TeO2晶体内部的缺陷.初步讨论了散射点、微裂纹、气泡和黑点、条纹以及腐蚀坑等微缺陷的形成机理.结果表明:晶体内部的散射点来自于原料中杂质,条纹主要是由于晶体内应力引起,晶体内的气泡和黑点和晶体生长的温度密切相关,并就如何减少这些微缺陷进行了初步探讨.     

声光晶体溴化铅的生长及性能的研究

采用坩埚下降法沿「００１」方向生长出长度为６０ｍｍ、直径为２５ｍｍ的溴化铅晶体，并对该晶体进行了定向，测定了其光度体方位及其主折射率，测得该晶体的透过率范围复盖自０．３μｍ至２５μｍ的整个区域，其声光优值为５１１。     

提拉法生长镓酸锂晶体及缺陷研究

研究了提拉法生长的镓酸锂单晶的生长习性和结晶质量.晶体表面呈乳白色且表面粗糙.通过光学显微镜、四晶X射线衍射、透射光谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱对样品进行了表征,结果表明,在(001)面的抛光样品上存在三种缺陷: [110]和[-110]方向的十字线、[010]方向排列的气泡包裹物以及平行于(010)面的界面,界面的产生起因于(010)晶面的滑移;晶体的结晶质量从顶部到底部逐渐下降,这是由于在生长过程中氧化锂的挥发导致熔体成分偏离化学计量比造成的.     

Ba2TiSi2O8晶体的生长及包裹物缺陷分析

采用提拉法生长了Ba2TiSi2O8 (BST)晶体,并采用SEM和EDS等手段对晶体内部包裹物缺陷进行了分析.发现多晶原料中的Na,K,C1杂质元素的存在是导致晶体内部产生包裹物缺陷的主要诱因,采用低的生长速率和较快的晶体转速有利于获得高质量BTS单晶.另外,本论文还对晶体的硬度和透过光谱进行了测试与分析.     

NaBi（WO4）2晶体生长工艺研究

采用提拉法(Cz法)生长了45×40mm大尺寸钨酸铋钠(NaBi(WO4)2,简称NBW)晶体,探讨了工艺参数和晶体开裂间的关系,并根据Brice模型,讨论了晶体中的热应力、热应变和晶体尺寸、温度梯度、提拉速度、晶体转速之间的关系,设计了生长NBW的最佳工艺条件液面上下10mm内温差为0.8℃/mm,拉速2～4mm/h,转速12～18r/min,冷却速率25℃/h.     

AgGaS2单晶生长与完整性研究

采用二温区气相输运温度振荡方法合成了高纯单相致密的AgGaS2多晶,计算出晶格常数a-5.7535nm,c=10.3008nm,以及S原子位置x=0.279,与PDF值相差很小,表明其是高质量的多晶原料,以此为原料用改进Bridgman法生长出直径15mm长度30mm的单晶体,经外形观测,解理试验和X射线衍射分析表明其是结晶完整的单晶体。     

提拉法制备铜单晶研究

采用提拉法生长出大尺寸(111)铜单晶,晶体尺寸为ф(12～19)mm×85 mm.通过XRD、金相显微分析讨论了铜单晶的晶体结构与生长缺陷,并采用双臂电桥测定(111)铜单晶的电阻率.结果表明:晶体具有(111)取向、强度高,表明晶体取向良好;蚀坑呈典型三角锥形,位错密度在105～106 cm-2之间;在室温下,(111)铜单晶电阻率为1.289×10-8Ω·m.     

钨酸镉单晶的提拉法生长

采用液相合成法制备出了CdWO4多晶料.研究了反应溶液pH对原料纯度的影响,探索出满足晶体生长用原料的最佳制备条件.利用提拉法生长出尺寸为φ15 mm×60 mm的透明、接近无色的钨酸镉单晶.透光性及发光性等单晶性能测试表明,CdWO4单晶在可见光区域的透过率达70;左右,吸收边位于315 nm,荧光发射峰位于473.8 nm,即本征发光由蓝光组成.     

锗酸铅(Pb5Ge3O11)铁电单晶的生长与缺陷研究

采用坩埚下降法成功生长了铁电锗酸铅(Pb5Ce3O11)单晶.所用Pt坩埚尺寸为φ25mm × 200mm和φ10mm×60mi,炉温控制在高于熔点50～80℃,固液界面温度梯度小于25℃/cm,生长速率小于0.5mm/h.所得晶体呈浅棕色,最大尺寸达φ25mm×60mm.采用光学显微镜(OM)及电子探针(EPMA)研究了所得晶体的生长缺陷(气泡、包裹体等),讨论了产生这些缺陷的原因,提出了控制及减少此类缺陷的方法.     

DC conduvtivity of V2O5TeO2 glasses

The dc conductivity of semiconducting vanadium tellurite glasses of compositions in the range 50 to 80 mol% V₂O₅ has been measured in the temperature region 77 to 400 K. Measurements have been made on annealed samples at different annealing temperatures. Annealing the samples at temperature of about 250°C causes the appearance of a complex crystalline phase resulting in an increase of conductivity. Results are reported for amorphous samples of different compositions. The conductivity of tellurite glasses is slightly higher than the corresponding composition of phosphate glasses, but the general trend of the increase of conductivity and decrease of high temperature activation energy with increasing V₂O₅ content is similar in the two systems. The data have been analysed in the light of existing models of polaronic hopping conduction. A definite conclusion about the mechanics of conduction (adiabatic or nonadiabatic) is difficult in the absence of a precise knowledge of the characteristic phonon frequency v₀. Adiabatic hopping is indicated for v₀～10¹¹ Hz, however this value leads to unreasonably low value for the Debye temperature θ_D, and higher values for v₀～10¹³ hz satifiies the conditions for nonadiabatic hopping which appears to be the likely mechanism of conduction in V₂O₅TeO₂ glasses. The low temperature data (< 100 K) can be fitted to Mott's variable range hopping, which when combined with ac conductivity data gives reasonable values of α, but a high value for the disorder energy.     

Czochralski grown Ga2O3 crystals

We report on the successful growth of β-Ga₂O₃ single crystals using the Czochralski method. Model calculations show that the gas phase consists of Ga₂O, GaO or Ga independent of the ratio of oxygen and Ar or N₂. We find that for growing single crystals the evaporation has to be suppressed by a finite amount of oxygen. A CO₂/Ar gas atmosphere was found to meet this requirement.     

X-ray absorption and Raman characterizations of TeO2-Ga2O3 glasses

The thermodynamic properties of transparent glasses prepared in the TeO₂-Ga₂O₃ system were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The change of the thermal parameters as a function of the chemical composition is discussed. Raman and both Te L_III and Ga K edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies at room temperature were used to examine the short range order. Analyses of the spectra suggest that the addition of Ga₂O₃ content to the TeO₂ glass matrix induces the transformation of trigonal bipyramids (TeO₄E, E=lone electronic pair 5s² of Te) to trigonal pyramids (TeO₃E) with formation of Te-O-Ga bridging bonds. Furthermore, Ga K edge XANES and EXAFS studies show that Ga atoms exhibit both tetrahedral (GaO₄) and octahedral (GaO₆) environments.