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1.
A sodium ion conducting composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) prepared by solution-caste technique by dispersion of an electrochemically
inert ceramic filler (SnO2) in the PEO–salt complex matrix is reported. The effect of filler concentration on morphological, electrical, electrochemical,
and mechanical stability of the CPE films has been investigated and analyzed. Composite nature of the films has been confirmed
from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy patterns. Room temperature d.c. conductivity observed as a function
of filler concentration indicates an enhancement (maximum) at 1–2 wt% filler concentration followed by another maximum at
∼10 wt% SnO2. This two-maxima feature of electrical conductivity as a function of filler concentration remains unaltered in the CPE films
even at 100 °C (i.e., after crystalline melting), suggesting an active role of the filler particles in governing electrical
transport. Substantial enhancement in the voltage stability and mechanical properties of the CPE films has been noticed on
filler dispersion. The composite polymer films have been observed to be predominantly ionic in nature with t
ion ∼ 0.99 for 1–2 wt% SnO2. However, this value gets lowered on increasing addition of SnO2 with t
ion ∼ 0.90 for 25 wt% SnO2. A calculation of ionic and electronic conductivity for 25 wt% of SnO2 film works out to be ∼2.34 × 10−6 and 2.6 × 10−7 S/cm, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Chan y Díaz E. Duarte-Moller A. Camacho Juan M. Castro-Rodríguez R. 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,106(3):619-624
SnO2 thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed Nd:YAG laser at different oxygen pressures, and the effects
of oxygen pressure on the physical properties of SnO2 films have been investigated. The films were deposited at substrate temperature of 500°C in oxygen partial pressure between
5.0 and 125 mTorr. The thin films deposited between 5.0 to 50 mTorr showed evidence of diffraction peaks, but increasing the
oxygen pressure up to 100 mTorr, three diffraction peaks (110), (101) and (211) were observed containing the SnO2 tetragonal structure. The electrical resistivity was very sensitive to the oxygen pressure. At 100 mTorr the films showed
electrical resistivity of 4×10−2 Ω cm, free carrier density of 1.03×1019 cm−3, mobility of 10.26 cm2 V−1 s−1 with average visible transmittance of ∼87%, and optical band gap of 3.6 eV. 相似文献
3.
LiCoO2 thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique using LiCoO2 target with Li/Co ratio 1.1 in an oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10−4 mbar. The films prepared at substrate temperature T
s < 573 K were amorphous in nature, and the films prepared at T
s > 573 K exhibited well defined (104), (101), and (003) peaks among which the (104) orientation predominates. The X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) data revealed that the films prepared in the substrate temperature
range 673–773 K are nearly stoichiometric. The grain size increases with an increase of substrate temperature. The Co–eg absorption bands, are empty and their peak position lies at around 1.7 eV above the top to the Co–t2g bands. The fundamental absorption edge was observed at 2.32 eV. The films annealed at 1,023 K in a controlled oxygen environment
exhibit (104) out plane texture with large grains.
Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Ionic Devices (ICID 2006), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Dec. 7–9, 2006 相似文献
4.
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) by ablating metallic Ti target with pulses of 248 nm wavelength in reactive atmospheres of O2/N2 gas mixtures. The layers were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry with complementary profilometry for measuring the thickness of the films. Band gap and extinction coefficient values are presented for films deposited at different substrate temperatures and for varied N2 content of the gas mixture. The shown tendencies are correlated to nitrogen incorporation into the TiO2-xNx layers. It is shown that layers of significantly increased visible extinction coefficient with band gap energy as low as 2.89 eV can be obtained. A method is also presented how the spectroscopic ellipsometric data should be evaluated in order to result reliable band gap values. 相似文献
5.
Properties of reactively sputtered W–B–N thin film as a diffusion barrier for Cu metallization on Si
L. C. Leu D. P. Norton L. McElwee-White T. J. Anderson 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(3):691-695
Thin films of W–B–N (10 nm) have been evaluated as diffusion barriers for Cu interconnects. The amorphous W–B–N thin films
were prepared at room temperature via reactive magnetron sputtering using a W2B target at various N2/(Ar + N2) flow ratios. Cu diffusion tests were performed after in-situ deposition of 200 nm Cu. Thermal annealing of the barrier stacks
was carried out in vacuum at elevated temperatures for one hour. X-ray diffraction patterns, sheet resistance measurement,
cross-section transmission electron microscopy images, and energy-dispersive spectrometer scans on the samples annealed at
500°C revealed no Cu diffusion through the barrier. The results indicate that amorphous W–B–N is a promising low resistivity
diffusion barrier material for copper interconnects. 相似文献
6.
Determination of the optimal parameters for the fabrication of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this work, ZnO thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition method on the glass substrates. The effect of
deposition parameters, such as deposition rate, substrate temperature and solution volume has been studied by X-ray diffraction
(XRD) method, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical measurements. The XRD patterns indicate
polycrystalline wurtzite structure with preferred direction along (0 0 2) planes. Thin films have transparency around 90%
in the visible range. The optical band gap was determined at 3.27 eV which did not change significantly. Evolution of electrical
results containing the carriers’ density, sheet resistance and resistivity are in agreement with structural results. All the
results suggest the best deposition parameters are: deposition rate, R = 3 ml/min, substrate temperature, T
s = 450°C and thickness of the thin films t = 110–130 nm. 相似文献
7.
Jose Antonio Ayllon Monica Lira-Cantu 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,95(1):249-255
The effects of oxygen content in the sputtering gas on the crystallographic and optoelectronic properties of 210 nm-thick
Zr–doped In2O3 (Zr–In2O3) films by rf magnetron sputtering were initially studied. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the Zr–In2O3 films grown on glass substrates exhibit mixed crystallographic orientations. Moreover, the Zr–In2O3 film grown in an Ar atmosphere promotes the appearance of crystallographic orientation of (222). The surface of the Zr–In2O3 film becomes rougher as the oxygen content in the sputtering gas decreases; the current images obtained by conductive atomic
force microscopy reveal that the surfaces of the Zr–In2O3 films exhibit a distribution of coexisting conducting and nonconducting regions, and that the area of the nonconducting surface
increases with the oxygen content in the sputtering gas. The resistivity is minimized to 3.51×10−4 Ω cm when the Zr–In2O3 film is grown in an Ar atmosphere and the average transmittance in the visible light region is ∼85%. The optical band gap
decreases as the oxygen content in the sputtering gas increases. 相似文献
8.
2 O3 thin films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) using trimethyl-amine alane (TMAA) as the Al precursor.
The thin films were deposited on both Si and quartz silica (SiO2) substrates. Deposition rates were typically 60 Å min-1 keeping the TMAA temperature constant at 45 °C. The deposited Al2O3 thin films were stoichiometric alumina with low carbon contamination (0.7–1.3 At%). The refractive index ranged from 1.54
to 1.62 depending on the deposition conditions. The deposition rate was studied as a function of both the RF power and the
substrate temperature. The structure and the surface of the deposited Al2O3 thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Received: 20 May 1997/Accepted: 12 June 1997 相似文献
9.
The indium oxynitride (InON) films were achieved by reactive RF magnetron sputtering indium target which has the purity of 99.999% with a novel reactive gas-timing technique. The structural, optical and electrical properties in a series of polycrystalline InON films affected by gas-timing of reactive N2 and O2 gases introduced to the chamber were observed. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen content in thin films that compounded to indium and nitrogen, which increased from 10% in indium nitride (InN) to 66% in indium oxide (In2O3) films. The X-ray diffraction peaks show that the phase of deposited films changes from InN to InON and to In2O3 with an increasing oxygen timing. The hexagonal structure of InN films with predominant (0 0 2) and (0 0 4) orientation was observed when pure nitrogen is only used as sputtering gas, while InON and In2O3 seem to demonstrate body-center cubic polycrystalline structures depending on gas-timing. The surface morphologies investigated from atomic force microscope of deposited films with varying gas-timing of O2:N2 show indifferent. The numerical algorithm method was used to define the optical bandgap of films from transmittance results. The increasing oxygen gas-timing affects extremely to the change of crystallinity phase from InN to InON and to In2O3, the increase of optical bandgap from 1.4 to 3.4 eV and the rise of sheet resistance from 15 Ω/□ to insulator. 相似文献
10.
《Current Applied Physics》2010,10(2):428-435
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nitrogen-incorporated silicon oxycarbide thin films obtained from the gas mixture of TMOS (tetramethoxysilane), N2, and NH3 is studied. The effects of the TMOS to N2 pressure ratio on the properties of the film and the plasma are investigated. The deposited films are analyzed by in situ ellipsometry, ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma is characterized by using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The mass spectra of the constituents in the plasma are obtained by quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The correlation between the film properties and the plasma characteristics is explained wherever possible. As the partial pressure of N2 is decreased, the refractive index begins to decrease, reaches a minimum, and then saturates. The FTIR absorption bands are observed from about 850 to 1000 cm−1 and from 1000 to 1250 cm−1, and can be attributed to the formation of a nitrogen-incorporated silicon oxycarbide thin film. The variation of the refractive index is discussed in relationship with the deposition rate, the OES spectra, the mass spectra of the plasma, the film composition obtained by XPS, and FTIR spectra. 相似文献
11.
Amorphous gallium nitride (a-GaN) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique at room
temperature and high vacuum using N
2 as carrier gas. The structural properties of the films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope
(SEM). It was clear from XRD spectra and SEM study that the GaN thin films were amorphous. The absorbance, transmittance and
reflectance spectra of these films were measured in the wavelength range of 300–2200 nm. The absorption coefficient spectral
analysis in the sharp absorption region revealed a direct band gap of E
g = 3:1 eV. The data analysis allowed the determination of the dispersive optical parameters by calculating the refractive
index. The oscillator energy E
0 and the dispersion energy E
d, which is a measure of the average strength of inter-band optical transition or the oscillator strength, were determined.
Electrical conductivity of a-GaN was measured in a different range of temperatures. Then, activation energy of a-GaN thin
films was calculated which equalled E
a = 0:434 eV. 相似文献
12.
V. V. Atuchin V. N. Kruchinin A. V. Kalinkin V. Sh. Aliev S. V. Rykhlitski? V. A. Shvets E. V. Spesivtsev 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2009,106(1):72-77
Optical characteristics of the HfO2 − x
N
x
and TiO2 − x
N
x
films obtained by reactive ion beam sputtering have been investigated by spectral ellipsometry. The chemical composition
of the films was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitrogen content in the oxynitride films (determined
by the N2/O2 ratio in the gas mixture during synthesis) reached ≈9 at % for TiO2 − x
N
x
and ≈ 6 at % for HfO2 − x
N
x
. It is found that the dispersion relations n(λ) and k(λ) for the TiO2 − x
N
x
films change from those characteristic of titanium dioxide to those typical of titanium nitride with an increase in the nitrogen
content from 0 to ≈9 at %. The optical parameters of the HfO2 − x
N
x
films depend weakly on the nitrogen content in the range 0–6 at %.
Original Russian Text ? V.V. Atuchin, V.N. Kruchinin, A.V. Kalinkin, V.Sh. Aliev, S.V. Rykhlitskiĭ, V.A. Shvets, E.V. Spesivtsev,
2009, published in Optika i Spektroskopiya, 2009, Vol. 106, No. 1, pp. 77–82. 相似文献
13.
Cheng-Fu Yang Hong-Hsin Huang Cheng-Yi Chen Ping-Chih Huang Chien-Chen Diao 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(1):117-122
In this study, two different thin films, TiO2 thin film and TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films (W, tungsten), are prepared by RF magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. The crystal structure,
morphology, and transmittance of TiO2 and TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films are investigated by X-ray diffraction, SEM, and UV-Vis spectrometer, respectively. The amorphous,
rutile, and anatase TiO2 phases are observed in the TiO2 thin film and in the TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films. The deposition of tungsten as the inter-layer will have large effect on the transmittance and phase
ratios of rutile and anatase phases in the TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films. The crystal intensities of amorous TiO2 will decrease as the tungsten is used as the middle layer in the multi-layer structure. The band gap energy values of TiO2 thin film and TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films are evaluated from (αhν)1/2 versus energy plots, and the calculated results show that the energy gap decreases from 3.21 eV (TiO2 thin film) to 3.08∼3.03 EV (TiO2–W–TiO2 multi-layer thin films). 相似文献
14.
Tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited by plasma enhanced-atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) on Si(1 0 0) substrate using dibutyl tin diacetate (DBTA) ((CH3CO2)2Sn[(CH2)3-CH3]2) as precursor. The process parameters were optimized as a function of substrate temperature, source temperature and purging time. It is observed that the surface phenomenon of the thin films was changed with film thickness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern were used to observe the texture and crystallanity of the films. The films deposited for 100, 200 and 400 cycles were characterized by XPS to determine the chemical bonding properties. XPS results reveal that the surface dominant oxygen species for 100, 200 and 400 cycles deposited films are O2−, O− and O2−, respectively. The 200 cycles film has exhibited highest concentration of oxygen (O−) species before and after annealing. Conductivity studies revel that this film has best adsorption strength to the oxygen ions forming on the surface. The sensor with 200 cycles SnO2 thin film has shown highest sensitivity to CO gas than other films. A correlation between the characteristics of Sn3d5/2 and O1s XPS spectra before and after annealing and the electrical behavior of the SnO2 thin films is established. 相似文献
15.
Solar thermal collectors have been prepared with thin TiOxNy films deposited using ion beam assisted deposition, on Si and Cu substrates. The films are amorphous and x and y were controlled
by altering the O2/N2 ratio in the gas source. After annealing at temperatures of 200 – 400 °C, films have been depth profiled using Secondary
Ion Mass Spectrometry. Profiles reveal the degradation of the film, particularly for films on Cu substrates, by migration
of the substrate atoms through the films, to the sample surface. In general, films with x<1 and y>1 show improved temperature
stability, ultimately at the expense of a reduced transmission window.
Contrary to previous suggestions in the literature, the degradation mechanism initially involves the formation of a nitrogen
rich phase, rather than an oxide at the film surface. On copper substrates, the nature of the films and of this phase, formed
by diffusion of the substrate atoms, have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These investigations
reveal complex behaviour in the early stages of film failure, with the suggestion that the initial films, at least near the
surface, are two phase, and the reaction layer mixes the TiOxNy with some Ti replacement by ions from the Cu substrate. 相似文献
16.
Production and characterization of Nd,Cr:GSGG thin films on Si(001) grown by pulsed laser ablation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P.R. Willmott P. Manoravi K. Holliday 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2000,70(4):425-429
Nd,Cr:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (GSGG) thin films have been produced for the first time. They were grown on Si(001) substrates at 650 °C by pulsed laser
ablation at 248 nm of a crystalline Nd,Cr:GSGG target rod. The laser plume was analyzed using time-of-flight quadrupole mass
spectroscopy, and consisted of elemental and metal oxide fragments with kinetic energies typically in the range 10 to 40 eV,
though extending up to 100 eV. Although films deposited in vacuum using laser fluences of 0.8±0.1 J cm−2 reproduced the Nd,Cr:GSGG bulk stoichiometry, those deposited using fluences above ≈3 J cm−2 resulted in noncongruent material transfer and were deficient in Ga and Cr. Attempts to grow films using synchronized oxygen
or oxygen/argon pulses yielded mixed oxide phases. Under optimal growth conditions, the films were heteroepitaxial, with GSGG(001)[100]∥Si(001)[100],
and exhibited Volmer–Weber-type growth. Room-temperature emission spectra of the films suggest efficient non-radiative energy
transfer between Cr3+ and Nd3+ ions, similar to that of the bulk crystal.
Received: 1 October 1999 / Accepted: 15 October 1999 / Published online: 23 February 2000 相似文献
17.
Wanneng Ye Chaojing Lu Yajun Qi Xiaolin Liu Stephan Senz Sung Kyun Lee Dietrich Hesse 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2008,91(2):323-326
Ferroelectric Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNdT) thin films of predominant 100/010/119 orientation were grown through a cheap and simple sol–gel process both on Nb-doped
(011)SrTiO3 and on (011)SrRuO3/(011)SrTiO3. Using rapid heating rates during crystallization, films containing 28% (100)/(010)-oriented grains plus 19% (119)-oriented
grains were obtained on SrRuO3/SrTiO3, while 30% (100)/(010)- and 18% (119)-oriented grains were obtained on Nb:SrTiO3. The films consist of columnar grains and 90° a–b domains exist in large BNdT grains. The BNdT thin films exhibit excellent
ferroelectric and dielectric properties with a remanent polarization 2Pr=39.2 μC/cm2 and a dielectric constant εr=184.5.
PACS 77.80.Fm; 77.80.Dj; 68.60.Wm; 68.55.Jk; 68.37.Lp 相似文献
18.
A comparative study has been carried on the role of balanced magnetron (BM) and unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering processes on the properties of SnO2 thin films. The oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature and deposition pressure were kept 20%, 700 °C and 30 mTorr, respectively and the applied RF power varied in the range of 150–250 W. It is observed that the UBM deposition causes significant effect on the structural, electrical and optical properties of SnO2 thin films than BM as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, C-V, Spectroscopic Ellipsometer and Photoluminescence measurements. The value of band gap (Eg) of the films deposited at 150 W in UBM is found as Eg = 3.83 eV which is much higher than the value of Eg = 3.69 eV as observed in BM sputtering indicating that UBM sputtering results in good crystalline quality. Further, the C-V measurements of SnO2 thin films deposited using UBM at high power 250 W show hysteresis with large flat band shift indicating that these thin films can be used for the fabrication of memory device. The observed results have been attributed to different mechanisms which exist simultaneously under unbalanced magnetron sputtering due to ion bombardment of growing SnO2 thin film by energetic Ar+ ions. 相似文献
19.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) thin films were prepared on borosilicate glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique.
The X-ray diffraction study revealed that Cu doping caused a reduction in crystallite size. AFM study showed an increase in
roughness with doping. This is attributed to the aggregation of particles to form clusters. From transmission electron microscopy
analysis, the particle size is measured to be in the range 30–65 nm (average particle size 48 nm) for undoped ZnO, whereas
it is in the range 24–56 nm (average particle size 40 nm) for CZO film. The electrical resistivity of the thin films was investigated
in the presence of air as well as N2 mixed air at different temperatures in the range 30–270 °C. The change in resistivity properties was explained on the basis
of conduction phenomena within the grain along with the grain boundaries as well as Cu- and N2-induced defect states. The thermal activation energy of ZnO was found to be in the range 0.04–0.7 eV and dependent on Cu
doping and N2 level in air. 相似文献
20.
R. C. Rai S. Wilser M. Guminiak B. Cai M. L. Nakarmi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,106(1):207-211
We report the optical and electronic properties of the inverse spinel ferrite NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 thin films deposited on single crystal sapphire by electron beam deposition. We carried out variable temperature (78–500
K) transmittance measurements on the thin films to investigate the optical properties and electronic structures of these ferrites.
The absorption spectra of both NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 thin films show insulating characters with Ni (Co) d to d on-site transitions below 3 eV. The energy bands above 3 eV are
mainly due to the O 2p to Fe 3d charge transfer transitions. The observed electronic transitions have been assigned based
on the first principles calculations and comparisons with structurally similar Ni and Co-containing compounds. The Co2+ d to d transition in the CoFe2O4 thin film shows a strong temperature dependence, likely due to the spin-charge coupling effect. 相似文献