Direct processes in chaotic microwave cavities in the presence of absorption

We quantify the presence of direct processes in the S matrix of chaotic microwave cavities with absorption in the one-channel case. To this end the full distribution P(S)(S) of the S matrix, i.e., S=sqrt[R]e(itheta), is studied in cavities with time-reversal symmetry for different antenna coupling strengths T(a) or direct processes. The experimental results are compared with random-matrix calculations and with numerical simulations including absorption. The theoretical result is a generalization of the Poisson kernel. The experimental and the numerical distributions are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for all cases.     

ISO spectroscopy: the study of low-mass star formation

Summary The current observational scenario pertaining to the study of low-mass star formation is discussed together with the evolutionary sequence that such a scenario seems to suggest. The opportunities offered by the spectrometers on board of the ISO satellite for improving our understanding of the involved physical processes are then discussed. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

QED radiative correction for the single-W production using a parton shower method

A parton shower method for the photonic radiative correction is applied to single W-boson production processes. The energy scale for the evolution of the parton shower is determined so that the correct soft-photon emission is reproduced. Photon spectra radiated from the partons are compared with those from the exact matrix elements, and show a good agreement. Possible errors due to an inappropriate energy-scale selection or due to the ambiguity of the energy-scale determination are also discussed, particularly for the measurements on triple gauge couplings. Received: 22 February 2001 / Published online: 11 May 2001     

原子Na和离子Mg^1＋的电子碰撞电离

用Ｒ－矩阵方法，在三态密耦近似下计算了原子Ｎａ和离子Ｎｇ１＋的电子碰撞电离截面，并给出了不同过程的能量损失微分截面ｄＱ／ｄＥ，从结果我们看到明显的Ｒｙｄｂｅｒｇ系列共振，并且当能量较低时总截面结果与实验符合得较好     

Neutrino masses and lepton-flavor-violating τ decays in the supersymmetric left-right model

In the supersymmetric left-right model,the light neutrino masses are given by the Type-II seesaw mechanism.A duality property of this mechanism indicates that there exist eight possible Higgs triplet Yukawa couplings which result in the same neutrino ma6s matrix.In this paper,we work out the one-loop renormalization group equations for the effective neutrino mass matrix in the supersymmetric left-right model.The stability of the Type-II seesaw scenario is briefly discussed.We also study the lepton-flavor-violating processes (τ→μγ and τ→eγ)by using the reconstructed Higgs triplet Yukawa couplings.     

采用去网格相关向量机的水下多径稀疏信道估计（英文）

In the scenario of underwater acoustic sparse channel estimation with training sequences,grid points in the measuring matrix are caused by discretizing procedure.Estimated accuracy might not be guaranteed with the state-of-the-art methods when multipath delays don't exactly locate on the grid points.In this paper,we construct a gridless measuring matrix for sparse channel estimation which contains an off-grid adjusting factor.The Relevance Vector Machine(RVM) algorithm is employed to estimate this factor.The numerical experiments for two different underwater channels are performed to testify the newly proposed method.The results demonstrate that this method outperforms conventional ones in terms of estimating error and bit error rate,especially when the grid gets coarser.     

Reconciling J/ψ production at HERA, RHIC, Tevatron, and LHC with nonrelativistic QCD factorization at next-to-leading order

We calculate the cross section of inclusive direct J/ψ hadroproduction at next-to-leading order within the factorization formalism of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics, including the full relativistic corrections due to the intermediate 1S(0)[8], 3S(1)[8], and 3P(J)[8] color-octet states. We perform a combined fit of the color-octet long-distance matrix elements to the transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions measured by CDF at the Fermilab Tevatron and H1 at DESY HERA and demonstrate that they also successfully describe the p(T) distributions from PHENIX at BNL RHIC and CMS at the CERN LHC as well as the photon-proton c.m. energy and (with worse agreement) the inelasticity distributions from H1. This provides a first rigorous test of nonrelativistic QCD factorization at next-to-leading order. In all experiments, the color-octet processes are shown to be indispensable.     

Electron collisions with laser cooled and trapped metastable helium atoms: total scattering cross sections

Absolute measurements of total scattering cross sections for low energy (5-70 eV) electrons by metastable helium (2(3)S) atoms are presented. The measurements are performed using a magneto-optical trap which is loaded from a laser-cooled, bright beam of slow He(2(3)S) atoms. The data are compared with predictions from convergent close coupling and R matrix with pseudostate calculations, and we find good agreement between experiment and theory.     

Dynamics of zero-Prandtl number convection near onset

We present a detailed bifurcation scenario of zero-Prandtl number Rayleigh-Be?nard convection using direct numerical simulations (DNS) and a 27-mode low-dimensional model containing the most energetic modes of DNS. The bifurcation analysis reveals a rich variety of convective flow patterns and chaotic solutions, some of which are common to that of the 13-mode model of Pal et al. [EPL 87, 54003 (2009)]. We also observed a set of periodic and chaotic wavy rolls in DNS and in the model similar to those observed in experiments and numerical simulations. The time period of the wavy rolls is closely related to the eigenvalues of the stability matrix of the Hopf bifurcation points at the onset of convection. This time period is in good agreement with the experimental results for low-Prandtl number fluids. The chaotic attractor of the wavy roll solutions is born through a quasiperiodic and phase-locking route to chaos.     

有部分峰重叠时NOESY谱的全弛豫矩阵分析

采取用理论计算的NOESY峰强度代替NOESY谱中重叠的对角峰或交叉峰强度,用理论计算值和实验数据相结合的方法解决峰强度矩阵的完整化问题,用全弛豫矩阵分析法定量分析了谱中有部分峰重叠的天然有机化合物冬凌草乙素的相敏NOESY谱,计算出冬凌草乙素分子中各质子间的交叉弛豫速率,根据1/r_ij⁶∝σ_ij计算出相应的质子间距离,结果表明:用全弛豫矩阵分析法计算出的质子间距与分子力学计算得到的质子间距离完全一致。该方法能够用于谱中有部分峰重叠的天然有机化合物的NOESY谱的定量处理,可以为核磁共振方法确定分子在溶液中的三维空间结构提供可靠的结构参数     

Determining Transport Properties of Complex Multiterminal Systems: S‐Matrix of General Tight‐Binding Periodic Leads

Calculation of the scattering matrix (S‐matrix) of a system allows direct determination of its transport properties. Within the scattering theory, S‐matrices relate amplitudes of incoming and outgoing waves in semi‐infinite leads attached to a scattering region. Recently, an assembly method to calculate S‐matrices of arbitrary tight‐binding systems connected to atomic chains has been proposed, were the S‐matrices of subsystems are used to obtain S‐matrix of the total system. In this paper, a new efficient method to obtain S‐matrices of general periodic leads is established, which can be used in the mentioned assembly method, allowing to address coherent quantum transport of arbitrary multiterminal systems with complex geometries trough Landauer‐Büttiker formalism. In addition, a new method to determine extended‐state band structures of general infinite periodic wires is presented, which exploits properties of the S‐matrix. Finally, these methods are used to obtain band structure of graphene arm‐chair and zig‐zag nanoribbons and transmission functions in three terminal Z‐shaped graphene nanoribbon structures.     

Scattering in Supersymmetric M(atrix) Models

We review several tests of the M(atrix)‐Model conjecture that asserts that the dynamics of M‐Theory, the eleven‐dimensional Ur‐theory containing all known string theories and also eleven‐dimensional supergravity in specific limits, is given by a quantum mechanical matrix model. In particular, scattering processes are analyzed both from the M(atrix)‐Model and from the supergravity perspective and the corresponding S‐matrix elements are compared. We find impressive agreement between these two theories as long as only classical supergravity is considered. If one includes also quantum effects on the supergravity side, the agreement does not persist. In addition to these calculations, the question of the existence of classical solutions to the M(atrix)‐Model equations of motion with momentum transfer is addressed and answered negatively.     

Ideal bose gas in an oscillator potential (exact solution)

Exact expressions for the statistical sum of the grand canonical ensemble and the one-particle density matrix are derived based on the definition of the density matrix for a system of N identical noninteracting Bose particles in an oscillator potential as a sum with respect to the symmetric exchange of the density matrix coordinates of distinguishable particles. A quasi-classical scenario is analyzed in detail.     

Orbital switching and the first-order insulator-metal transition in paramagnetic V2O3

The first-order metal-insulator transition (MIT) in paramagnetic V2O3 is studied within the ab initio scheme LDA+DMFT, which merges the local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). With a fixed value of the Coulomb U=6.0 eV, we show how the abrupt pressure driven MIT is understood in a new picture: a pressure-induced decrease of the trigonal distortion within the strong correlation scenario (which is not obtained within LDA). We find good quantitative agreement with (i) switch of the orbital occupation of (a(1g),e(pi)(g1),e(pi)(g2)) and the spin state S=1 across the MIT, (ii) thermodynamics and dc resistivity, and (iii) the one-electron spectral function, within this new scenario.     

FeSiF66H2O晶体的基态能级和零场分裂参量

由单晶的中子衍射方法得到FeS_iF₆6H₂O的晶体结构,这种晶体结构可以用S_iF^6-和Fe(H₂O)⁺⁺两个离子来描述,而局域三角对称的Fe(H₂O)⁺⁺离子反映了这种晶体的主要光谱性质利用不可约张量的理论,构成了晶体场和自旋轨道相互作用哈密顿完全对角化矩阵因此,由完全对角化的晶体场和自旋轨道相互作用哈密顿矩阵和电子顺磁共振的理论公式来求出晶体FeS_iF₆6H₂O中Fe²⁺离子的电子顺磁共振零场分裂参量D和Fa并研究了低自旋³L态对电子顺磁共振(EPR)零场分裂参量的贡献结果显示低自旋³L态对电子顺磁共振的零场分裂参量的贡献是较强的理论计算的结果与实验值是相符的.     

Decomposition property of the Slater determinant

The first step in solving the atomic many-body problem is the independent-particle, or Hartree-Fock method. This leads to the formulation of the system eigenfunction in terms of a single Slater determinant (neglecting correlations). By defining a matrix, the elements of which are the one-particle Orbitals occurring in the Slater determinant, a method is developed whereby the wave function is written as a polynomial in the eigenvalues of the matrix. This method, when used in conjunction with the variational principle, reduces the arithmetic tedium usually resulting in the Hartree-Fock method. The numerical results are in agreement with the Hartree-Fock method (to within 1.5 %) and within 1.56% of the exact values for a seven electron atom.     

X—射线荧光分析散射幂函数法的原理及其应用

本文在较宽在基体原子序数变化范围内研究了非相干散射随基体吸收系数的变化规律,发现存在一种幂函数关系,用射内标法所假定的反比关系仅在较窄的轻元素范围内存在,实验证实了这种理论规律的存在。提出了用康普散射幂函数法校正基体吸收效应的新方法。列举了幂函数法在地质样品中的锶的测定实例,证明了该法在宽的基体组成范围内比传统的散射内标法适应性强。     

Double ionization of helium interacting with elliptically polarized laser pulse by classical ensemble simulations

This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional (2D) model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demonstrates that the ratio of double to single ionization decreases with the increasing ellipticity of the driving field. The classical scenario shows that there are hardly any e--e recollisions with the circularly polarized laser pulse. The double ionization probability is studied for linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. The classical numerical results are consistent with the semiclassical rescattering mechanism and in agreement with the experimental results and the quantum calculations qualitatively.     

Measurement and calculation of the two-dimensional backscattering Mueller matrix of a turbid medium

We present both experimental and Monte Carlo-based simulation results for the diffusely backscattered intensity patterns that arise from illumination of a turbid medium with a polarized laser beam. A numerical method that allows the calculation of all 16 elements of the two-dimensional Muller matrix is used; moreover, it is shown that only seven matrix elements are independent. To validate our method, we compared our simulations with experimental measurements, using a turbid medium consisting of 2.02-microm -diameter polystyrene spheres suspended in deionized water. By varying the incident polarization and the analyzer optics for the experimental measurements, we obtained the diffuse backscattering Mueller matrix elements. The experimental and the numerical results are in good agreement.     

Phonon-assisted optical absorption in silicon from first principles

The phonon-assisted interband optical absorption spectrum of silicon is calculated at the quasiparticle level entirely from first principles. We make use of the Wannier interpolation formalism to determine the quasiparticle energies, as well as the optical transition and electron-phonon coupling matrix elements, on fine grids in the Brillouin zone. The calculated spectrum near the onset of indirect absorption is in very good agreement with experimental measurements for a range of temperatures. Moreover, our method can accurately determine the optical absorption spectrum of silicon in the visible range, an important process for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications that cannot be addressed with simple models. The computational formalism is quite general and can be used to understand the phonon-assisted absorption processes in general.