On Bellissima’s construction of the finitely generated free Heyting algebras, and beyond

We study finitely generated free Heyting algebras from a topological and from a model theoretic point of view. We review Bellissima’s representation of the finitely generated free Heyting algebra; we prove that it yields an embedding in the profinite completion, which is also the completion with respect to a naturally defined metric. We give an algebraic interpretation of the Kripke model used by Bellissima as the principal ideal spectrum and show it to be first order interpretable in the Heyting algebra, from which several model theoretic and algebraic properties are derived. In particular, we prove that a free finitely generated Heyting algebra has only one set of free generators, which is definable in it. As a consequence its automorphism group is the permutation group over its generators.     

On structure of cluster algebras of geometric type Ⅰ:In view of sub-seeds and seed homomorphisms

Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for(rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also,we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case.     

On structure of cluster algebras of geometric type I: In view of sub-seeds and seed homomorphisms

Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for (rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also, we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case.     

Free and cofree Hopf algebras

We first prove that a graded, connected, free and cofree Hopf algebra is always self-dual. Then, we prove that two graded, connected, free and cofree Hopf algebras are isomorphic if and only if they have the same Poincaré–Hilbert formal series. If the characteristic of the base field is zero, we prove that the Lie algebra of the primitive elements of such an object is free, and we deduce a characterization of the formal series of free and cofree Hopf algebras by a condition of growth of the coefficients. We finally show that two graded, connected, free and cofree Hopf algebras are isomorphic as (nongraded) Hopf algebras if and only if the Lie algebras of their primitive elements have the same number of generators.     

Positivity for cluster algebras from surfaces

We give combinatorial formulas for the Laurent expansion of any cluster variable in any cluster algebra coming from a triangulated surface (with or without punctures), with respect to an arbitrary seed. Moreover, we work in the generality of principal coefficients. An immediate corollary of our formulas is a proof of the positivity conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky for cluster algebras from surfaces, in geometric type.     

量子环面上一类导子李代数的结构和自同构群

本文研究量子环面上的一类导子李代数,它包含了Virasoro-Like代数及其q类似．首先证明了这 类导子李代数之间的同构一定是分次同构,并进一步给出了代数同构的充要条件及同构映射的具体表达 式,最后确定了该类李代数的自同构群．     

Bernoulli automorphisms of finitely generated free MV-algebras

MV-algebras can be viewed either as the Lindenbaum algebras of ?ukasiewicz infinite-valued logic, or as unit intervals [0,u] of lattice-ordered abelian groups in which a strong order unit u>0 has been fixed. They form an equational class, and the free n-generated free MV-algebra is representable as an algebra of piecewise-linear continuous functions with integer coefficients over the unit n-dimensional cube. In this paper we show that the automorphism group of such a free algebra contains elements having strongly chaotic behaviour, in the sense that their duals are measure-theoretically isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. This fact is noteworthy from the viewpoint of algebraic logic, since it gives a distinguished status to Lebesgue measure as an averaging measure on the space of valuations. As an ergodic theory fact, it provides explicit examples of volume-preserving homeomorphisms of the unit cube which are piecewise-linear with integer coefficients, preserve the denominators of rational points, and enjoy the Bernoulli property.     

Rigidity of quantum tori and the Andruskiewitsch–Dumas conjecture

We prove the Andruskiewitsch–Dumas conjecture that the automorphism group of the positive part of the quantized universal enveloping algebra ${\mathcal {U}}_q({\mathfrak {g}})$ of an arbitrary finite dimensional simple Lie algebra ${\mathfrak {g}}$ is isomorphic to the semidirect product of the automorphism group of the Dynkin diagram of ${\mathfrak {g}}$ and a torus of rank equal to the rank of ${\mathfrak {g}}$ . The key step in our proof is a rigidity theorem for quantum tori. It has a broad range of applications. It allows one to control the (full) automorphism groups of large classes of associative algebras, for instance quantum cluster algebras.     

BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS IN AST

In this paper we investigate Boolean algebras and their subalgebras in Alternative Set Theory (AST). We show that any two countable atomless Boolean algebras are isomorphic and we give an example of such a Boolean algebra. One other main result is, that there is an infinite Boolean algebra freely generated by a set. At the end of the paper we show that the sentence “There is no non-trivial free group which is a set” is consistent with AST.     

Cluster Algebras of Finite Type via Coxeter Elements and Principal Minors

We give a uniform geometric realization for the cluster algebra of an arbitrary finite type with principal coefficients at an arbitrary acyclic seed. This algebra is realized as the coordinate ring of a certain reduced double Bruhat cell in the simply connected semisimple algebraic group of the same Cartan–Killing type. In this realization, the cluster variables appear as certain (generalized) principal minors.     

标度广义效应代数和标度效应代数的结构

研究了标度广义效应代数与标度效应代数的代数结构,给出了比较完整的结果.通过引入全标度广义代数的概念,本文证明了区间[0,1)上的标度广义效应代数和单位区间[0,1]上的标度效应代数完全由单位区间上的阿基米德余模确定,标度广义效应代数恰同构于全标度广义代数的下集.若标度广义代数满足局部有限条件,则它同构于实数加法群的子群代数.满足(S)条件的标度效应代数同构于实数加法群的子群代数和全标度广义代数的字典序乘积的子代数.     

Automorphisms of quasitriangular algebras

The outer automorphism group of a nest algebra is canonically isomorphic to the (spatial) automorphism group of the nest itself. The outer automorphism group of the associated quasitriangular algebra is canonically isomorphic to a group of “approximate” automorphisms of the nest. A simple proof that every derivation of a quasitriangular algebra is inner is obtained as a corollary.     

Gaudin models with irregular singularities

We introduce a class of quantum integrable systems generalizing the Gaudin model. The corresponding algebras of quantum Hamiltonians are obtained as quotients of the center of the enveloping algebra of an affine Kac-Moody algebra at the critical level, extending the construction of higher Gaudin Hamiltonians from B. Feigin et al. (1994) [17] to the case of non-highest weight representations of affine algebras. We show that these algebras are isomorphic to algebras of functions on the spaces of opers on P¹ with regular as well as irregular singularities at finitely many points. We construct eigenvectors of these Hamiltonians, using Wakimoto modules of critical level, and show that their spectra on finite-dimensional representations are given by opers with trivial monodromy. We also comment on the connection between the generalized Gaudin models and the geometric Langlands correspondence with ramification.     

Twisted second homology groups of the automorphism group of a free group

In this paper, we compute the second homology groups of the automorphism group of a free group with coefficients in the abelianization of the free group and its dual group except for the 2-torsion part, using combinatorial group theory.     

Periodicities in Cluster Algebras and Cluster Automorphism Groups

We study the relations between two groups related to cluster automorphism groups which are defined by Assem,Schiffler and Shamchenko.We establish the relation-ships among (strict) direct cluster automorphism groups and those groups consisting of periodicities of labeled seeds and exchange matrices,respectively,in the language of short exact sequences.As an application,we characterize automorphism-finite cluster algebras in the cases of bipartite seeds or finite mutation type.Finally,we study the relation between the group Aut(A) for a cluster algebra A and the group AutMn(S) for a mutation group Mn and a labeled mutation class S,and we give a negative answer via counter-examples to King and Pressland's problem.     

Quasi-homomorphisms of cluster algebras

We introduce quasi-homomorphisms of cluster algebras, a flexible notion of a map between cluster algebras of the same type (but with different coefficients). The definition is given in terms of seed orbits, the smallest equivalence classes of seeds on which the mutation rules for non-normalized seeds are unambiguous. We present examples of quasi-homomorphisms involving familiar cluster algebras, such as cluster structures on Grassmannians, and those associated with marked surfaces with boundary. We explore the related notion of a quasi-automorphism, and compare the resulting group with other groups of symmetries of cluster structures. For cluster algebras from surfaces, we determine the subgroup of quasi-automorphisms inside the tagged mapping class group of the surface.     

Categorical equivalence and the Ramsey property for finite powers of a primal algebra

In this paper, we investigate the best known and most important example of a categorical equivalence in algebra, that between the variety of boolean algebras and any variety generated by a single primal algebra. We consider this equivalence in the context of Kechris-Pestov-Todor?evi? correspondence, a surprising correspondence between model theory, combinatorics and topological dynamics. We show that relevant combinatorial properties (such as the amalgamation property, Ramsey property and ordering property) carry over from a category to an equivalent category. We then use these results to show that the category whose objects are isomorphic copies of finite powers of a primal algebra \({\mathcal{A}}\) together with a particular linear ordering <, and whose morphisms are embeddings, is a Ramsey age (and hence a Fraïssé age). By the Kechris-Pestov-Todor?evi? correspondence, we then infer that the automorphism group of its Fraïssé limit is extremely amenable. This correspondence also enables us to compute the universal minimal flow of the Fraïssé limit of the class \({{\bf V}_{fin} \mathcal{(A)}}\) whose objects are isomorphic copies of finite powers of a primal algebra \({\mathcal{A}}\) and whose morphisms are embeddings.     

Automorphism groups of some algebras

The automorphism groups of algebras are found in many papers. Using auto-invariance, we find the automorphism groups of the Laurent extension of the polynomial ring and the quantum n-plane (respectively, twisting polynomial ring) in this work. As an application of the results of this work, we can find the automorphism group of a twisting algebra. We define a generalized Weyl algebra and show that the generalized Weyl algebra is simple. We also find the automorphism group of a generalized Weyl algebra. We show that the generalized Weyl algebra A _m,m+n is the universal enveloping algebra of the generalized Witt algebra W(m,m + n). This work was supported by 2007 Research fund of Hanyang University     

The Lie Algebras in which Every Subspace s Its Subalgebra

In this paper, we study the Lie algebras in which every subspace is its subalgebra (denoted by HB Lie algebras). We get that a nonabelian Lie algebra is an HB Lie algebra if and only if it is isomorphic to g+Cidg, where g is an abelian Lie algebra. Moreover we show that the derivation algebra and the holomorph of a nonabelian HB Lie algebra are complete.     

一类推广的Virasoro-like李代数

构造了一类无限维李代数,它是Virasoro-like李代数的推广.研究了这类李代数的两类自同构,这两类自同构均关于映射的合成构成自同构群,一类同构于对称群S3,另一类同构于Klein交换群.得到了这类李代数一些特殊的自同态、中心.证明了这类李代数不是半单李代数.