A new "spectroscopic" potential energy surface for formaldehyde in its ground electronic state

We report a new "spectroscopic" potential energy surface (PES) of formaldehyde (H(2)(12)C(16)O) in its ground electronic state, obtained by refining an ab initio PES in a least-squares fitting to the experimental spectroscopic data for formaldehyde currently available in the literature. The ab initio PES was computed using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ method at 30 840 geometries that cover the energy range up to 44 000 cm(-1) above equilibrium. Ro-vibrational energies of formaldehyde were determined variationally for this ab initio PES by means of the program TROVE [Theoretical ROtation-Vibration Energies; S. N. Yurchenko, W. Thiel, and P. Jensen, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 245, 126 (2007)]. The parameter values in the analytical representation of the PES were optimized in fittings to 319 ro-vibrational energies with J = 0, 1, 2, and 5. The initial parameter values in the fittings were those of the ab initio PES, the ro-vibrational eigenfunctions obtained from this PES served as a basis set during the fitting process, and constraints were imposed to ensure that the refined PES does not deviate unphysically from the ab initio one in regions of configuration space not sampled by the experimental data. The resulting refined PES, referred to as H(2)CO-2011, reproduces the available experimental J ≤ 5 data with a root-mean-square error of 0.04 cm(-1).     

Calibration-quality adiabatic potential energy surfaces for H3(+) and its isotopologues

Calibration-quality ab initio adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PES) have been determined for all isotopologues of the molecular ion H(3)(+). The underlying Born-Oppenheimer electronic structure computations used optimized explicitly correlated shifted Gaussian functions. The surfaces include diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections computed from the accurate electronic wave functions. A fit to the 41,655 ab initio points is presented which gives a standard deviation better than 0.1 cm(-1) when restricted to the points up to 6000 cm(-1) above the first dissociation asymptote. Nuclear motion calculations utilizing this PES, called GLH3P, and an exact kinetic energy operator given in orthogonal internal coordinates are presented. The ro-vibrational transition frequencies for H(3)(+), H(2)D(+), and HD(2)(+) are compared with high resolution measurements. The most sophisticated and complete procedure employed to compute ro-vibrational energy levels, which makes explicit allowance for the inclusion of non-adiabatic effects, reproduces all the known ro-vibrational levels of the H(3)(+) isotopologues considered to better than 0.2 cm(-1). This represents a significant (order-of-magnitude) improvement compared to previous studies of transitions in the visible. Careful treatment of linear geometries is important for high frequency transitions and leads to new assignments for some of the previously observed lines. Prospects for further investigations of non-adiabatic effects in the H(3)(+) isotopologues are discussed. In short, the paper presents (a) an extremely accurate global potential energy surface of H(3)(+) resulting from high accuracy ab initio computations and global fit, (b) very accurate nuclear motion calculations of all available experimental line data up to 16,000 cm(-1), and (c) results suggest that we can predict accurately the lines of H(3)(+) towards dissociation and thus facilitate their experimental observation.     

An isotopic-independent highly accurate potential energy surface for CO2 isotopologues and an initial (12)C(16)O2 infrared line list

An isotopic-independent, highly accurate potential energy surface (PES) has been determined for CO(2) by refining a purely ab initio PES with selected, purely experimentally determined rovibrational energy levels. The purely ab initio PES is denoted Ames-0, while the refined PES is denoted Ames-1. Detailed tests are performed to demonstrate the spectroscopic accuracy of the Ames-1 PES. It is shown that Ames-1 yields σ(rms) (root-mean-squares error) = 0.0156 cm(-1) for 6873 J = 0-117 (12)C(16)O(2) experimental energy levels, even though less than 500 (12)C(16)O(2) energy levels were included in the refinement procedure. It is also demonstrated that, without any additional refinement, Ames-1 yields very good agreement for isotopologues. Specifically, for the (12)C(16)O(2) and (13)C(16)O(2) isotopologues, spectroscopic constants G(v) computed from Ames-1 are within ±0.01 and 0.02 cm(-1) of reliable experimentally derived values, while for the (16)O(12)C(18)O, (16)O(12)C(17)O, (16)O(13)C(18)O, (16)O(13)C(17)O, (12)C(18)O(2), (17)O(12)C(18)O, (12)C(17)O(2), (13)C(18)O(2), (13)C(17)O(2), (17)O(13)C(18)O, and (14)C(16)O(2) isotopologues, the differences are between ±0.10 and 0.15 cm(-1). To our knowledge, this is the first time a polyatomic PES has been refined using such high J values, and this has led to new challenges in the refinement procedure. An initial high quality, purely ab initio dipole moment surface (DMS) is constructed and used to generate a 296 K line list. For most bands, experimental IR intensities are well reproduced for (12)C(16)O(2) using Ames-1 and the DMS. For more than 80% of the bands, the experimental intensities are reproduced with σ(rms)(ΔI) < 20% or σ(rms)(ΔI∕δ(obs)) < 5. A few exceptions are analyzed and discussed. Directions for future improvements are discussed, though it is concluded that the current Ames-1 and the DMS should be useful in analyzing and assigning high-resolution laboratory or astronomical spectra.     

Water line lists close to experimental accuracy using a spectroscopically determined potential energy surface for H2(16)O, H2(17)O, and H2(18)O

Line lists of vibration-rotation transitions for the H(2) (16)O, H(2) (17)O, and H(2) (18)O isotopologues of the water molecule are calculated, which cover the frequency region of 0-20 000 cm(-1) and with rotational states up to J=20 (J=30 for H(2) (16)O). These variational calculations are based on a new semitheoretical potential energy surface obtained by morphing a high accuracy ab initio potential using experimental energy levels. This potential reproduces the energy levels with J=0, 2, and 5 used in the fit with a standard deviation of 0.025 cm(-1). Linestrengths are obtained using an ab initio dipole moment surface. That these line lists make an excellent starting point for spectroscopic modeling and analysis of rotation-vibration spectra is demonstrated by comparison with recent measurements of Lisak and Hodges [J. Mol. Spectrosc. (unpublished)]: assignments are given for the seven unassigned transitions and the intensity of the strong lines are reproduced to with 3%. It is suggested that the present procedure may be a better route to reliable line intensities than laboratory measurements.     

Stark coefficients for highly excited rovibrational states of H2O

Quantum beat spectroscopy is combined with triple-resonance vibrational overtone excitation to measure the Stark coefficients (SCs) of the water molecule for 28 rovibrational levels lying from 27,600 to 41,000 cm(-1). These data provide a stringent test for assessing the accuracy of the available potential energy surfaces (PESs) and dipole moment surfaces (DMSs) of this benchmark molecule in this energy region, which is inaccessible by direct absorption. SCs, calculated using the combination of a high accuracy, spectroscopically determined PES and a recent ab initio DMS, are within the 1% accuracy of available experimental data for levels below 25,000 cm(-1), and within 4.5% for coefficients associated with levels up to 35,000 cm(-1). However, the error in the computed coefficients is over 60% for the very high rovibrational states lying just below the lowest dissociation threshold, due, it seems, to lack of a high accuracy PES in this region. The comparative analysis suggests further steps, which may bring the theoretical predictions closer to the experimental accuracy.     

A new ab initio potential energy surface for the NeCO complex with the vibrational coordinate dependence

A new high quality three-dimensional potential energy surface for the Ne-CO van der Waals complex is developed using the CCSD(T) method and avqz∕avqz+33221 basis set. The ab initio calculation is performed in a total of 1365 configurations with supermolecule method. There is a single global minimum located in a nearly T-shaped geometry. The global minimum energy is -49.4090 cm(-1) at R(e)=6.40a(0) and θ(e)=82.5(°) for V(00). Using the three-dimensional potential energy surface, we have calculated bound rovibrational energy levels up to J = 10 including the Coriolis coupling terms. Compared with the experimental transition frequencies, the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Highly accurate potential-energy and dipole moment surfaces for vibrational state calculations of methane

Full-dimensional ab initio potential-energy surface (PES) and dipole moment surface are constructed for a methane molecule at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ and MP2/cc-pVTZ levels of theory, respectively, by the modified Shepard interpolation method based on the fourth-order Taylor expansion [MSI(4th)]. The reference points for the interpolation have been set in the coupling region of CH symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes so as to reproduce the vibrational energy levels related to CH stretching vibrations. The vibrational configuration-interaction calculations have been performed to obtain the energy levels and the absorption intensities up to 9000 cm(-1) with the use of MSI(4th)-PES. The calculated fundamental frequencies and low-lying vibrational energy levels show that MSI(4th) is superior to the widely employed quartic force field, giving a better agreement with the experimental values. The absorption bands of overtones as well as combination bands, which are caused by purely anharmonic effects, have been obtained up to 9000 cm(-1). Strongly coupled states with visible intensity have been found in the 6500-9000 cm(-1) region where the experimental data are still lacking.     

Variational calculation of specific, highly excited vibrational states in DFCO: comparison with experimental data

A stimulated emission pumping spectra of jet-cooled DFCO performed by Crane et al. (J. Mol. Spectrosc. 1997, 183, 273) has provided a great number of ro-vibrational lines up to 9000 cm(-1) of excitation energy. By combining a Jacobi-Wilson (JW) approach with a Davidson scheme, we calculate the lines provided by the experiment up to 9000 cm(-1) using an ab initio global potential energy surface (PES) developed by Kato et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 107, 6114). Comparisons between experimental and calculated data provide a critical test of the quality of the PES used. We show that the variational calculated energies can be efficiently corrected by taking into account the error observed for the A' fundamental transitions nu(i) (i = 1, ..., 5) and the first overtone 2nu(6). A detailed analysis of the eigenstates obtained by the calculation allows one to quantify the coupling between the different modes. Such an information is essential to understand and predict the energy flow through a DFCO molecule that is initially excited.     

Ab initio rotation-vibration spectra of HCN and HNC

We have calculated an ab initio HCN/HNC linelist for all transitions up to J= 25 and 18000 cm(-1) above the zero point energy. This linelist contains more than 200 million lines each with frequencies and transition dipoles. The linelist has been calculated using our semi-global HCN/HNC VQZANO + PES and dipole moment surface, which were reported in van Mourik et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 3706). With this linelist we synthesise absorption spectra of HCN and HNC at 298 K and we present the band centre and band transition dipoles for the bands which are major features in these spectra. Several of the HCN bands and many of the HNC bands have not been previously studied. Our line intensities reproduce via fully ab initio methods the unusual intensity structure of the HCN CN stretch fundamental (00(0)1) for the first time and also the forbidden (02(2)0) HCN bending overtone. We also compare the J = 1-->0 pure rotational transition dipole in the HCN/HNC ground and vibrationally excited states with experimental and existing ab initio results.     

Quasiclassical trajectory study of the Cl+CH4 reaction dynamics on a quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitation interpolated potential energy surface

An ab initio interpolated potential energy surface (PES) for the Cl+CH(4) reactive system has been constructed using the interpolation method of Collins and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 102, 5647 (1995); 108, 8302 (1998); 111, 816 (1999); Theor. Chem. Acc. 108, 313 (2002)]. The ab initio calculations have been performed using quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitation theory to build the PES. A simple scaling all correlation technique has been used to obtain a PES which yields a barrier height and reaction energy in good agreement with high level ab initio calculations and experimental measurements. Using these interpolated PESs, a detailed quasiclassical trajectory study of integral and differential cross sections, product rovibrational populations, and internal energy distributions has been carried out for the Cl+CH(4) and Cl+CD(4) reactions, and the theoretical results have been compared with the available experimental data. It has been shown that the calculated total reaction cross sections versus collision energy for the Cl+CH(4) and Cl+CD(4) reactions is very sensitive to the barrier height. Besides, due to the zero-point energy (ZPE) leakage of the CH(4) molecule to the reaction coordinate in the quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations, the reaction threshold falls below the barrier height of the PES. The ZPE leakage leads to CH(3) and HCl coproducts with internal energy below its corresponding ZPEs. We have shown that a Gaussian binning (GB) analysis of the trajectories yields excitation functions in somehow better agreement with the experimental determinations. The HCl(v'=0) and DCl(v'=0) rotational distributions are as well very sensitive to the ZPE problem. The GB correction narrows and shifts the rotational distributions to lower values of the rotational quantum numbers. However, the present QCT rotational distributions are still hotter than the experimental distributions. In both reactions the angular distributions shift from backward peaked to sideways peaked as collision energy increases, as seen in the experiments and other theoretical calculations.     

SO2基态势能面和振转能级的理论研究

在键长-键角坐标下,精确求解SO₂的核振动方程,并通过与实验数据比较来优化势能参数,由所得势能面计算得到38个振动能级,与实验值相比,均方根误差为0.93cm^-1.计算了³⁴SO₂的部分振动能级以及³²SO₂的J=6以下的部分振动能级,所得结果均与实验值较为吻合     

Vibrational and rotational cooling of NO+ in collisions with He

A quantum mechanical investigation of the vibrational and rotational deactivation of NO(+) in collisions with He atoms in the cold and ultracold regime is presented. Ab initio potential energy calculations are carried out at BCCD(T) level and a new global 3D potential energy surface (PES) is obtained by fitting ab initio points within the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. As a first test of this PES the bound state energies of the (3)He-NO(+) and (4)He-NO(+) complexes are calculated and compared to previous rigid rotor calculations. The efficiency of the vibrational and the rotational cooling of this molecular ion using a buffer gas of helium is then investigated by performing close coupling scattering calculations for collision energy ranging from 10(-6) to 2000 cm(-1). The calculations are performed for the two isotopes (3)He and (4)He and the results are compared to the available experimental data.     

Theoretical spectroscopy of the N2HAr+ complex

The six-dimensional potential energy surface of the electronic ground state of N2HAr+ is determined by ab initio computations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The potential energy surface is used to derive a set of spectroscopic data for N2HAr+ and N2DAr+ using second order perturbation theory. Full six-dimensional (6-D) rotation-vibration computations are also carried out using an analytical representation of the surface for J=0 and 1, in order to deduce the rovibrational spectra of N2HAr+ and its deuterated isotopomer. Our variationally determined anharmonic wavenumbers differ by less than 15 cm(-1) from the most accurate experimental values. Strong anharmonic resonances are found between the rovibrational levels of both cations even at low energies.     

Torsion-wagging tunneling and vibrational states in hydrazine determined from its ab initio potential energy surface

Geometries, anharmonic vibrations, and torsion-wagging (TW) multiplets of hydrazine and its deuterated species are studied using high-level ab initio methods employing the second-order Mo?ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) as well as the coupled cluster singles and doubles model including connected triple corrections, CCSD(T), in conjunction with extended basis sets containing diffuse and core functions. To describe the splitting patterns caused by tunneling in TW states, the 3D potential energy surface (PES) for the large-amplitude TW modes is constructed. Stationary points in the 3D PES, including equivalent local minima and saddle points are characterized. Using this 3D PES, a flexible Hamiltonian is built numerically and then employed to solve the vibrational problem for TW coupled motion. The calculated ground state r(av) structure is expected to be more reliable than the experimental one that has been determined using a simplified structural model. The calculated fundamental frequencies allowed resolution of the assignment problems discussed earlier in the literature. The determined energy barriers, including the contributions from the small-amplitude vibrations, to the tunneling of the symmetric and antisymmetric wagging mode of 1997 cm(-1) and 3454 cm(-1), respectively, are in reasonable agreement with the empirical estimates of 2072 cm(-1) and 3312 cm(-1), respectively [W. ?odyga et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 183, 374 (1997)]. However, the empirical torsion barrier of 934 cm(-1) appears to be overestimated. The ab initio calculations yield two torsion barriers: cis and trans of 744 cm(-1) and 2706 cm(-1), respectively. The multiplets of the excited torsion states are predicted from the refined 3D PES.     

Intermolecular potential energy surface and spectra of He-HCl with generalization to other rare gas-hydrogen halide complexes

A two-dimensional (rigid monomer) intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) of the He-HCl complex has been obtained from ab initio calculations utilizing the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and an spdfg basis set including midbond functions. The bond length in HCl was chosen to be equal to the expectation value in the ground vibrational state of isolated HCl. The rigid-monomer potential should be a very good approximation to the complete (three-dimensional) potential for H-Cl distances corresponding to the lowest vibrational levels of the monomer since the He-HCl interaction energy was found to be only weakly dependent on the HCl bond length in this region, at least as compared to systems such as Ar-HF. The calculated points were fitted using an analytic function with ab initio computed asymptotic coefficients. As expected, the complex is loosely bound, with the dispersion energy providing the majority of the attraction. Our SAPT PES agrees with the semiempirical PES of Willey et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 96, 898 (1992)], in finding that, atypically for rare gas-hydrogen halide complexes including the lighter halide atoms, the global minimum is on the Cl side (with intermonomer separation 3.35 A and depth of 32.8 cm(-1)), rather than on the H side, where there is only a local minimum (3.85 A, 30.8 cm(-1)). The ordering of the minima was confirmed by single-point calculations in larger basis sets and complete basis set extrapolations, and also using higher levels of theory. We show that the opposite findings in the recent calculations of Zhang and Shi [J. Mol. Struct: THEOCHEM 589, 89 (2002)] are due to the lack of midbond functions in their basis set. Despite the closeness in depth of the two linear minima, the existence of a relatively high barrier between them invalidates the assumption of isotropy, a feature of some literature potentials. The trends concerning the locations of minima within the family of rare gas-hydrogen halide complexes are rationalized in terms of the physical components of the intermolecular forces and related to monomer properties. The accuracy of the SAPT PES was tested by performing calculations of rovibrational levels. The transition frequencies obtained were found to be in excellent agreement (to within 0.02 cm(-1)) with the measurements of Lovejoy and Nesbitt [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 5387 (1990)]. The SAPT PES predicts a dissociation energy for the complex of 7.74 cm(-1) which is probably more accurate than the experimental value of 10.1+/-1.2 cm(-1). Our analysis of the ground-state rovibrational wave function shows that the He-HCl configuration is favored over the He-ClH configuration despite the ordering of minima. This is due to the greater volume of the well in the former case. We have also determined positions and widths of three low-lying resonance states through scattering calculations. These predictions are expected to be more accurate than values derived from experiment.     

Accurate ab initio potential energy surface, thermochemistry, and dynamics of the Cl(2P, 2P(3/2) + CH4 → HCl + CH3 and H + CH3Cl reactions

We report a high-quality, ab initio, full-dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for the Cl((2)P, (2)P(3/2)) + CH(4) reaction, which describes both the abstraction (HCl + CH(3)) and substitution (H + CH(3)Cl) channels. The analytical PES is a least-squares fit, using a basis of permutationally invariant polynomials, to roughly 16,000 ab initio energy points, obtained by an efficient composite method, including counterpoise and spin-orbit corrections for the entrance channel. This composite method is shown to provide accuracy almost equal to all-electron CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pCVQZ results, but at much lower computational cost. Details of the PES, as well as additional high-level benchmark characterization of structures and energetics are reported. The PES has classical barrier heights of 2650 and 15,060 cm(-1) (relative to Cl((2)P(3/2)) + CH(4)(eq)), respectively, for the abstraction and substitution reactions, in good agreement with the corresponding new computed benchmark values, 2670 and 14,720 cm(-1). The PES also accurately describes the potential wells in the entrance and exit channels for the abstraction reaction. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations using the PES show that (a) the inclusion of the spin-orbit corrections in the PES decreases the cross sections by a factor of 1.5-2.5 at low collision energies (E(coll)); (b) at E(coll) ≈ 13,000 cm(-1) the substitution channel opens and the H/HCl ratio increases rapidly with E(coll); (c) the maximum impact parameter (b(max)) for the abstraction reaction is ~6 bohr; whereas b(max) is only ~2 bohr for the substitution; (d) the HCl and CH(3) products are mainly in the vibrational ground state even at very high E(coll); and (e) the HCl rotational distributions are cold, in excellent agreement with experiment at E(coll) = 1280 cm(-1).     

Full-dimensional quantum calculations of ground-state tunneling splitting of malonaldehyde using an accurate ab initio potential energy surface

Quantum calculations of the ground vibrational state tunneling splitting of H-atom and D-atom transfer in malonaldehyde are performed on a full-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The PES is a fit to 11 147 near basis-set-limit frozen-core CCSD(T) electronic energies. This surface properly describes the invariance of the potential with respect to all permutations of identical atoms. The saddle-point barrier for the H-atom transfer on the PES is 4.1 kcalmol, in excellent agreement with the reported ab initio value. Model one-dimensional and "exact" full-dimensional calculations of the splitting for H- and D-atom transfer are done using this PES. The tunneling splittings in full dimensionality are calculated using the unbiased "fixed-node" diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method in Cartesian and saddle-point normal coordinates. The ground-state tunneling splitting is found to be 21.6 cm(-1) in Cartesian coordinates and 22.6 cm(-1) in normal coordinates, with an uncertainty of 2-3 cm(-1). This splitting is also calculated based on a model which makes use of the exact single-well zero-point energy (ZPE) obtained with the MULTIMODE code and DMC ZPE and this calculation gives a tunneling splitting of 21-22 cm(-1). The corresponding computed splittings for the D-atom transfer are 3.0, 3.1, and 2-3 cm(-1). These calculated tunneling splittings agree with each other to within less than the standard uncertainties obtained with the DMC method used, which are between 2 and 3 cm(-1), and agree well with the experimental values of 21.6 and 2.9 cm(-1) for the H and D transfer, respectively.     

Rovibrational spectra of ammonia. I. Unprecedented accuracy of a potential energy surface used with nonadiabatic corrections

In this work, we build upon our previous work on the theoretical spectroscopy of ammonia, NH(3). Compared to our 2008 study, we include more physics in our rovibrational calculations and more experimental data in the refinement procedure, and these enable us to produce a potential energy surface (PES) of unprecedented accuracy. We call this the HSL-2 PES. The additional physics we include is a second-order correction for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, and we find it to be critical for improved results. By including experimental data for higher rotational levels in the refinement procedure, we were able to greatly reduce our systematic errors for the rotational dependence of our predictions. These additions together lead to a significantly improved total angular momentum (J) dependence in our computed rovibrational energies. The root-mean-square error between our predictions using the HSL-2 PES and the reliable energy levels from the HITRAN database for J = 0-6 and J = 7∕8 for (14)NH(3) is only 0.015 cm(-1) and 0.020∕0.023 cm(-1), respectively. The root-mean-square errors for the characteristic inversion splittings are approximately 1∕3 smaller than those for energy levels. The root-mean-square error for the 6002 J = 0-8 transition energies is 0.020 cm(-1). Overall, for J = 0-8, the spectroscopic data computed with HSL-2 is roughly an order of magnitude more accurate relative to our previous best ammonia PES (denoted HSL-1). These impressive numbers are eclipsed only by the root-mean-square error between our predictions for purely rotational transition energies of (15)NH(3) and the highly accurate Cologne database (CDMS): 0.00034 cm(-1) (10 MHz), in other words, 2 orders of magnitude smaller. In addition, we identify a deficiency in the (15)NH(3) energy levels determined from a model of the experimental data.     

The rotational spectrum and dynamical structure of LiOH and LiOD: a combined laboratory and ab initio study

Millimeter wave rotational spectroscopy and ab initio calculations are used to explore the potential energy surface of LiOH and LiOD with particular emphasis on the bending states and bending potential. New measurements extend the observed rotational lines to J=7<--6 for LiOH and J=8<--7 for LiOD for all bending vibrational states up to (03(3)0). Rotation-vibration energy levels, geometric expectation values, and dipole moments are calculated using extensive high-level ab initio three-dimensional potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Agreement between calculation and experiment is superb, with predicted Bv values typically within 0.3%, D values within 0.2%, ql values within 0.7%, and dipole moments within 0.9% of experiment. Shifts in Bv values with vibration and isotopic substitution are also well predicted. A combined theoretical and experimental structural analysis establishes the linear equilibrium structure with re(Li-O)=1.5776(4) A and re(O-H)=0.949(2) A. Predicted fundamental vibrational frequencies are v1=923.2, v2=318.3, and v3=3829.8 cm(-1) for LiOH and v1=912.9, v2=245.8, and v3=2824.2 cm(-1) for LiOD. The molecule is extremely nonrigid with respect to angular deformation; the calculated deviation from linearity for the vibrationally averaged structure is 19.0 degrees in the (000) state and 41.9 degrees in the (03(3)0) state. The calculation not only predicts, in agreement with previous work [P. R. Bunker, P. Jensen, A. Karpfen, and H. Lischka, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 135, 89 (1989)], a change from a linear to a bent minimum energy configuration at elongated Li-O distances, but also a similar change from linear to bent at elongated O-H distances.