简法合成ω-溴代醇-1

ω-溴代醇-1是合成昆虫信息素、前列腺素等天然产物的重要前体。由α,ω-烷二醇合成ω-溴代醇-1,文献曾有许多报道。最近,Kang 等报道以等摩尔的烷二醇     

α,ω-双(二甲基氯硅基)烷烃与二元胺的反应

用α,ω-双(二甲基氯硅烷基)烷烃或α,ω-双(二甲基氯硅烷基)苯撑与二胺反应合成了十三个新的α,ω-双(2,2,X,X-四甲基-1-氮杂-2, X-二硅环烷基)烷烃或相应的苯撑衍生物. 同样的产品还可用相应的单环二硅氮烷与二胺的胺交换而制得, 这些产品的结构用元素分析, 红外光谱, 核磁共振, 紫外光谱和质谱鉴定了.     

丝光沸石催化的α-蒎烯三相水合反应的研究 - 产物分布, 反应动力学和反应机理

本文研究了丝光沸石催化的α-蒎烯三相水合反应的产物分布、动力学及主要产物在催化剂上的水合和脱水反应.结果指出:(1)α-蒎烯的水合反应主要生成龙脑,同时伴随相应的脱质子异构化反应;(2)α-蒎烯的消失遵循准一级反应动力学.测得相应的反应速率常数、活化能和活化熵;(3)α-蒎烯的水合反应是通过吸附在催化剂表面上并互相平衡的两个中间体进行的.这两个中间体以三条不可逆的途径分别生成葑烷、菠烷和对-烷衍生物,提出了可能的反应机理。     

α,ω-双(4-甲基香豆素)长链化合物的光二聚反应

有关α,ω-双香豆素长链化合物的分子内光二聚反应,在不同极性溶剂中均发生反应的事实,使人们考虑到有可能在非极性溶剂中使带有阻碍基团的4-甲基豆素也易发生光二聚反应。为此我们以三缩四乙二醇为支撑体合成了α,ω-双(4-甲基香豆素)长链化合物,并研究了它的光二聚反应。     

十二酸的α-氯代反应中的催化剂研究

α-氯代脂肪酸是一类可用于直接从脂肪酸合成α-氨基酸和甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂等精细化学品的重要中间体。本文从烯酮式反应机理出发,以α-氯代十二酸(α-CDA)的合成为模型,对酰氯化试剂(对甲苯磺酰氯、十二酰氯、氯磺酸等)和质子酸催化剂(如H型离子交换树脂、氯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、醋酸等)进行组合和选择,并与文献报道的特殊添加剂乙酐比较,研究不同催化体系在酸催化合成α-氯代脂肪酸时的催化作用。氯磺酸既有磺酸基团提供强质子酸,又有磺酰氯基团作为酰氯化试剂,因而是催化十二酸的α-氯代反应的适宜催化剂。当w(氯磺酸)∶w(十二酸)=2%,搅拌转速1000r/min,氯气流量40L/h,反应温度为120℃时,反应3h后α-CDA产率达到96.4%。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究Ⅶ 双(对烷巯基苯氧基)烷烃的制备及氧化

对甲巯基苯酚及对乙巯基苯酚在氢氧化钾存在下分别与α,ω-二溴烷烃缩合,生成相应的α,ω-双(对烷巯基苯氧基)-烷烃,后者用铬酸酐、过氧化氢或高锰酸钾氧化,都能生成α,ω-双(对烷砜基苯氧基)-烷烃,但以铬酸酐法最为简捷。     

α—蒎烯异构成β—蒎烯的一个简便方法

β-蒎烯是一个重要的有机合成原料,但我国松节油中的β-蒎烯含量甚少,主要为α-蒎烯·将α-蒎烯异构化成为β-衍生物已有许多报道。本文将三乙基硼氨合物或三乙基苄基铵合硼烷使之与α-蒎烯反应成二(3-蒎烷基)硼烷,再经热异构重排成二(10-蒎烷基)硼烷,最后与双戊烯进行置换反应,顺利地制得了β-蒎烯。与Brown的方法相比,本法简便、安全,并且用我国合成樟脑生产中的副产物双戊烯代替了十二烯-(1)。     

对称二醇的选择性乙酰化及其在昆虫性信息素合成中的应用

α、ω-烷二醇的单保护衍生物是合成昆虫性信息素、前列腺素等天然产物的重要中间体。有关它的合成方法的研究,已引起了人们广泛的兴趣。1979年,James 等人首次报道了用连续抽提法进行对称二醇的选择性单酰化反应,并指出反应体系中水的用最是影响反应选择性的关键。然而,我们按文献[7]的配比多次重复,产率仅在50%左右,单酰化产物与双酰化产物之比小于10∶1。我们在文献[7]的基础上,采用经典的液-液提取法,用硫酸作催化剂,提高反应温度     

关环反应合成鸢尾酮

研究了以9,10-环亚甲基假紫罗兰酮为原料,经关环反应合成鸢尾酮的工艺,并对该关环反应机理进行了初步探讨。实验结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为:反应温度-70℃,物料摩尔比n(9,10-环亚甲基假紫罗兰酮)∶n(氯磺酸)为1∶4,反应45 min,鸢尾酮的收率为90.1%。产品中α-鸢尾酮、β-鸢尾酮和γ-鸢尾酮的含量分别为60.2%、29.0%和8.0%(GC,峰面积归一化法);采用NMR确证了α-鸢尾酮的结构。关环反应机理的初步探讨表明关环反应应在低温下快速完成。     

相转移催化合成N,N''-二(3,5-二甲基吡唑)烷

本文用相转移催化方法, 在C6H6/H20两相里, 3,5-二甲基吡唑与α,ω-二溴代烷反应合成了一系列N,N'-二(3,5-二甲基吡唑)烷配体。     

Gas phase reactions of NH2Cl with anionic nucleophiles: Nucleophilic substitution at neutral nitrogen

Reactions of chloramine, NH2Cl, with HO-, RO- (R = CH3, CH3CH2, CH3CH2CH2, C6H5CH2, CF3CH2), F- , HS- , and Cl- have been studied in the gas phase using the selected ion flow tube technique. Nucleophilic substitution (S(N)2) at nitrogen to form Cl- has been observed for all the nucleophiles. The reactions are faster than the corresponding S(N)2 reactions of methyl chloride; the chloramine reactions take place at nearly every collision when the reaction is exothermic. The thermoneutral identity S(N)2 reaction of NH2Cl with Cl-, which occurs approximately once in every 100 collisions, is more than two orders of magnitude faster than the analogous reaction of CH3Cl. The significantly enhanced S(N)2 reactivity of NH2Cl is consistent with a previous theoretical prediction that the barrier height for the S(N)2 identity reaction at nitrogen is negative relative to the energy of the reactants, whereas this barrier height for reaction at carbon is positive. Competitive proton abstraction to form NHCl- has also been observed with more highly basic anions (HO-, CH3O-, and CH3CH2O-), and this is the major reaction channel for HO- and CH3O-. Acidity bracketing determines the heat of deprotonation of NH2Cl as 374.4 +/- 3.0 kcal mol(-1).     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 X:在亲核取代反应中全氟烷基3-氧杂全氟烷基磺酸酯的唯一的硫-氧键断裂

Perfluoroalkyl 3-oxaperfluoralkanesulfonates XCF2OCF2CF2SO3CF2OCF2X (1) (X=CF2I (1a), CF2Cl (1b), HCF2 (1c), Cl2CF (1d)) reacted readily with various mucleophiles leading to S--O seission exclusively, thus 1 -- XCF2OCF2CF2SO2Y+XCF2OCF2COZ In the presence of a catalytic amount of halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and thiecyanate in diglyme 1 decomposed to give the corresponding sulfonly fluoride 2 (X=F) and acyl fluoride 3(Z=F). At room temperature 1 did not react with excess ethanol, but under refluxing for 12.5h, 1 was converted to 2 (Y=F) and 3 (Z=OEt). More powerful nucleophile ethoxide ion reacted readily with 1 at-60 - -50`C yielding Et2O and 3 (Z=OEt) but no 2 (Z=F). When the reaction was carried out at 80`C the yields of the products varied with the order of mixing of the reactants i.e. when 1 was added to excess ethoxide in ethanol, products are 3(Z=OEt), Et2O and 2(Y=F), but with ethoxide adding to 1 the yield of 2 (Y=F) was increased and that of ether decreased whereas the yield of 3 (Z=OEt) remained constant. Carboxylates (CF3CO2-, CH3CO2-) also caused S--O cleavage of 1 to give acetyl fluoride, 2 (y=F) and 3 (Z=F) as a result of decomposition of the intermediary mixed anhydride by the fluoride ion. In the same manner R2NH, C6H5NH2 reacted with 1 giving the products of S--O cleavage. In contrast to the nucleophilic reactions of α, α-di-H-perfluoroalkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates (mainly C--O cleavage) it has been found that all nucleophies attack the sulfur atom of 1 exclusively. A possible interpretation is that the SN2 attack at sp3 carbon atom in highly fluorinated system is made impossible by the shielding effect of the two fluorine atoms in the alcoholic moiety and leaving the attack on the sulfur as the only alternative.     

氟烷基化和氟烷氧基化的研究13: 2-卤四氟乙基物种的β-断裂

用典型自由基引发(hv,Cu,S2O4^2^-,ABN,DBP等),可以使2-卤四氟碘乙烷(1)(XCF2CF2I,X=Cl,I)产生四氟乙烯.从而证实了2-卤四氟乙基自由基在温和实验条件下能够发生β-断裂.1与亲核试剂(如PPh3,F^-,Cl^-,Br^-,CH3O^-,PhS^-等)作用结果,同样能得到四氟乙烯.这是符合离子型亲卤反应机理的.由此可见,1具有参与自由基机理和亲卤机理反应的双重性质.     

1,3-二碘六氟丙烷的电子转移反应

在四醋酸铅的催化下,二氟二碘甲烷(CF2I2,1)与四氟乙烯加成生成1,3-二碘六氟丙烷(ICF2CF2CF2I,3).3与烯烃、炔烃和丙二酸二乙酯阴离子发生电子转移反应。     

固-液相转移催化合成V.醛亚胺的michael加成和羰基加成反应合成α-氨基 酸

报道了在以K~2CO~2为固体碱的固-液相转移催化条件下,用醛亚胺与亲电的 烯烃和醛类化合物进行Michael加成,羰基加成反应,合成了一系列醛亚胺亲核加成产物.并通过水解羰基加成产物制备了一系列丝氨酸衍生物.该法简便,温和,反应时间短,产率高,是合成具有取代基的甘氨酸,丙氨酸和丝氨酸及其酯的一种有用方法.     

Highly air-stable anionic mononuclear and neutral binuclear palladium(II) complexes for C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions

The short-bite aminobis(phosphonite), PhN{P(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)}2 (2), containing a mesocyclic thioether backbone is synthesized by either treating PhN(PCl2)2 with 2 equiv of thiobis(2,2'-naphthol) or reacting chlorophosphite (-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)PCl (1) with aniline in the presence of a base. Treatment of 2 with an equimolar amount of Pd(COD)Cl2 in the presence of H2O affords a P-N-P-bridged and P,S-metalated binuclear complex, [PhN(P(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)-kappaP)2Pd2Cl2{P(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)(O)-kappaP,kappaS}2] (3), whereas the same reaction with 2 equiv of Pd(COD)Cl2 in the presence of H2O and Et3N produces the mononuclear anionic complex [{(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)P(O)-kappaP,kappaS}PdCl2](Et3NH) (5). By contrast, reaction of 2 with 2 equiv of Pd(COD)Cl2 and H2O in the absence of Et3N gives the hydrogen phosphonate coordinated complex [{(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)P(OH)}PdCl2] (4) which converts to the anionic complex in solution or in the presence of a base. Compound 2 on treatment with Pt(COD)X2 (X = Cl or I) afforded P-coordinated four-membered chelate complexes [PhN(P(-OC10H6(mu-S)C10H6O-)-kappaP)2PtX2] (6 X = Cl, 7 X = I). The crystal structures of compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7 are reported. Compound 3 is the first example of a crystallographically characterized binuclear palladium complex containing a bidentate bridging ligand and its hydrolyzed fragments forming metallacycles containing a palladium-phosphorus sigma bond. All palladium complexes proved to be very good catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling and amination reactions with excellent turnover numbers (TON up to 1.46 x 105 in the case of the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction).     

Electronically and sterically tuned trans labilization controls the substitution behaviour of cobaloximes

The kinetics of axial water substitution by cysteine in six different cobaloximes, viz.trans-RCo(Hdmg)(2)H(2)O, where Hdmg = dimethylglyoximate, R = cyclo-C(5)H(9) (c-P), CH(3)CH(2) (Et), CH(3) (Me), C(6)H(5)CH(2) (Bz), C(6)H(5) (Ph) and CF(3)CH(2), were studied as a function of cysteine concentration, temperature and pressure. It was found that cysteine substitutes the coordinated H(2)O molecule trans to the alkyl group with second order rate constants that follow the order of reactivity: c-P > Et > Bz > Me > Ph > CF(3)CH(2). Rate and activation parameters (Deltan H(++), Delta S(++) and Delta V(++)) enable the formulation of a reaction mechanism that can account for the substitution behaviour of the investigated alkylcobaloximes. In particular, a gradual mechanistic changeover from I(d) to I is observed along the series of R groups from c-P to CF(3)CH(2).     

Diverse modes of reactivity of dialkyl azodicarboxylates with P(III) compounds: synthesis, structure, and reactivity of products other than the Morrison-Brunn-Huisgen intermediate in a Mitsunobu-type reaction

The reactivity of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD)/diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) with P(III) compounds bearing oxygen or nitrogen substituents is explored. Compounds with structures quite different from that of Morrison-Brunn-Huisgen intermediate R'(3)P(+)N(CO(2)R)N(-)(CO(2)R) (1), observed in the Mitsunobu reaction, have been established by using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Thus reactions with X(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P-NH-t-Bu [X = S (8), CH(2) (9)] or XP(mu-N-t-Bu)(2)P-NH-t-Bu [X = Cl (14) or NH-t-Bu (15)] and DEAD/DIAD lead to phosphinimine-carbamate-type of products X[6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O](2)P[N-t-Bu][N(CO(2)R)NH(CO(2)R)] [X = S, R = Et (16); X = CH(2), R = Et (17); X = CH(2), R = i-Pr (18)] or XP(mu-N-t-Bu)(2)P(N-t-Bu)[N-(CO(2)-i-Pr)-N(H)(CO(2)-i-Pr) [X = Cl (19), NH-t-Bu (20)]. Treatment of 19 with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol afforded the product [(CF(3)CH(2)O)P(mu-N-t-Bu)(2)P(+)(NH-t-Bu)[N(CO(2)-i-Pr)(HNCO(2)-i-Pr)]][Cl(-)] (21) whose structure is close to one of the intermediates proposed in the Mitsunobu reaction. The isocyanate CH(2)(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P-NCO (10) underwent 1,3-(P,C) cycloaddition with DEAD/DIAD to lead to CH(2)(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P[N(CO(2)R)N(CO(2)R)-C(O)-N] [R = Et (22), i-Pr (23)]. Reaction of 22-23 with 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol or catechol leads to novel tetracoordinate CH(2)(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P(2,2'-OC(10)H(6)-C(10)H(6)-OH)[NC(O)-(CO(2)R)NH(CO(2)R)] [R = Et (24), i-Pr (25)] or pentacoordinate CH(2)(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P(1,2-O(2)C(6)H(4))[NHC(O)-N(CO(2)R)NH(CO(2)R)] [R = Et (26), i-Pr (27)] compounds in which the original NCO residue is retained; this mode of reactivity is quite different from that observed for the MBH betaine 1. In 27, the nitrogen, rather than the oxygen, occupies an apical position of the trigonal bipyramidal phosphorus violating the commonly assumed preference rules for apicophilicity. It is shown that the previously reported azide derivative 3, obtained from the reaction of 11 with DIAD, undergoes a Curtius-type rearrangement to lead to the fused cyclodiphosphazane [(CH(2)(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2))P(OC(O-i-Pr)NN(CO(2)-i-Pr)N)](2) (28); this compound is in equilibrium with its monomeric form in solution at >300 K. Finally, reaction of S(6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O)(2)P(OPh) (13) with DIAD gave the hexacoordinate compound S[6-t-Bu-4-Me-C(6)H(2)O](2)P(OPh)[N(CO(2)-i-Pr)NC(O-i-Pr)O] (30) with an intramolecular S-->P bond. X-ray crystallographic evidence for compounds 16, 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, and 30 has been provided.     

Facile Ni(II)/ketoxime-mediated conversion of organonitriles into imidoylamidine ligands. Synthesis of imidoylamidines and acetyl amides

Treatment of alkyl nitriles with NiX(2).6H(2)O (X = Cl, NO(3)) and 2-propanone oxime, followed by (X = Cl) addition of [i-Pr(4)N](NO(3)) for precipitation of the product, resulted in the formation of amidinium nitrates [RC([double bond]NH(2))NH(2)](NO(3)) (R = Me, Et, n-Pr). The reaction went to another direction with NiX(2).2H(2)O, i.e., the reaction between neat RCN (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, CH(2)Cl, CH(2)C(6)H(4)OMe-p) and NiCl(2).2H(2)O/2-propanone oxime (other ketoximes can also be used) gave the (imidoylamidine)Ni(II) complexes [Ni[N(H)[double bond]C(R)NHC(R)[double bond]NH](2)](2+) (1(2+)-7(2+)). The latter were isolated in good yields (65-91%) as the bis-chloride salts 1.Cl(2)-6.Cl(2) and the mixed salt 7.(Cl)(p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)CO(2)). Remarkably, the latter transformation does not proceed at all if NiCl(2).2H(2)O or the ketoxime are taken alone. Liberation of imidoylamidines was performed for one alkyl-containing complex [2.Cl(2)] and one benzyl-containing complex [7.(Cl)(p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)CO(2))], by (i) addition of HBF(4).Et(2)O to the acetonitrile solution of the complexes to yield [N(H)[double bond]C(R)NHC(R)[double bond]NH].2HBF(4) (R = Et 8 and R = CH(2)C(6)H(4)OMe-p 9) or (ii) substitution for ethanediamine (en) with following precipitation of the complex [Ni(en)(3)]Cl(2) with formation of free N(H)[double bond]C(R)NHC(R)[double bond]NH (R = Et 10 and R = CH(2)C(6)H(4)OMe-p 11). In contrast to the liberation in nonaqueous media, treatment of 2.Cl(2) and 7.(Cl)(p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)CO(2)) with Na(2)EDTA.2H(2)O in water-methanol solutions led to substitution and hydrolysis to furnish the acyl amides [EtC([double bond]O)](2)NH (12) and [p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)C([double bond]O)](2)NH (13). Alternatively, 12 and 13 were obtained by hydrolysis of 10 and 11 in water at pH ca. 8.5. It was shown that the oxime complexes trans-[NiCl(2)(C(4)H(8)C[double bond]NOH)(4)] (14) or cis-[Ni(O,O-NO(3))(2)(C(4)H(8)C[double bond]NOH)(2)] (15) can be intermediates in the formation of amidines and imidoylamidines. The sequence of the Ni(II)/oxime mediated formation of (imidoylamidine)Ni complexes and liberation (or hydrolytic liberation) of the ligands opens up a novel, facile and environmentally benign route to imidoylamidines and acyl amides.     

Reductive degradation of nido-1-CB8H12 into smaller-cage carborane systems via new monocarbaboranes [arachno-5-CB8H13](-) and closo-2-CB6H8

Treatment of the nido-1-CB8H12 (1) carborane with NaBH4 in THF at ambient temperature led to the isolation of the stable [arachno-5-CB8H13]- (2(-)), which was isolated as Na+[5-CB8H13]-.1.5 THF and PPh4 +[5-CB8H13]- in almost quantitative yield. Compound 2(-) underwent a boron-degradation reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid to afford the arachno-4-CB7H13 (3) carborane in 70 % yield, whereas reaction between 2(-) and excess phenyl acetylene in refluxing THF gave the [closo-2-CB6H7]- (4-) in 66 % yield. Protonation of the Cs+4(-) salt with concentrated H2SO4 or CF3COOH in CH2Cl2 afforded a new, highly volatile 2-CB6H8 (4) carborane in 95 % yield, the deprotonation of which with Et3N in CH2Cl2 leads quantitatively to Et3NH+[2-CB6H7](-) (Et3NH+4(-)). Both compounds 4- and 4 can be deboronated through treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid in CH2Cl2 to yield the carbahexaborane nido-2-CB5H9 (5) in 60 % yield. New compounds 2-, 3, and 4 were structurally characterised by the ab initio/GIAO/MP2/NMR method. The method gave superior results to those carried out using GIAO-HF when relating the calculated 11B NMR chemical shifts to experimental data.