Asparagus polysaccharides. I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides ofA. neglectus: Glucomannans of the roots

Water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances have been isolated from various organs ofA. neglectus and their quantitative amounts and monosacchardie compositions have been determined. Native acetylated glucomannans (A, B, and C) containing 13, 15, and 20% of acetyl groups and being homogeneous according to the results of gel chromatography have been isolated from the roots. On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR spectroscopy it has been established that the neutral polysaccharides of the roots ofA. neglectus is a mixture of three glucomannans consisting of β-1→4 linear-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose residues.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides fromPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The water-soluble polysaccharides of the rhizomes of thePolygonatum sewerzowii Regl. have been studied. A method has been developed for separating the polysaccharide fraction. A new native acetylated glucomannan has been isolated which has been called severan and consists of manno- and glucopyranose residues linked with one another by -1 4 bonds in a ratio of 15.4:1.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Plant Substances of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 555–559, September–October, 1978.     

Allium carbohydrates I. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides

Summary 1. The amounts of glucofructans in 15 species of plants of the genusAllium L. growing in Central Asia have been studied.2. The polydispersity of all the glucofructans isolated has been established. Fractionation of the glucofructan fromA. sativum L. yielded homogeneous fractions with mol. wt. 1900 and 5000. On the basis of their IR spectra and the results of periodate oxidation, they have been assigned to the glucofructans of the inulin type.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–142, March–April, 1979.     

Isolation of ecdysterone from the roots ofRhaponticum carthamoides

The solubility of ecdysterone in individual solvents and mixtures has been studied. A method has been developed for isolating ecdysterone from the roots ofRhaponticum carthamoides. Extraction from the raw material was carried out with methanol. The catty oils and tanning and resinous substances were eliminated from the concentrated and water-diluted extract by treatment with chloroform. The combined ecdysteroids were extracted from the purified aqueous solution with chloroform-isopropanol (1:1). They were freed from pigments by chromatography on alumina (Brockmann activity grade II) with elution by methanol-chloroform (1:2). The product was recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate (1:9), giving 0.05% (on the weight of the raw material) of ecdysterone.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirornykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 528–529, July–August, 1980.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

Human calcitonin. I. Isolation and characterization

Two highly active calcitonin peptides, M with 32 amino acids, and D a dimer of M, were isolated from a large human mediastinal C cell tumour. D can easily be transformed into M by the action of 1N ammonia; D and M afford two different sulphoxides, but all four peptides yield the same product upon oxidation with performic acid. Both D and M have a potency of about 120 MRC units/mg dry weight; their sulphoxides, by contrast, are almost inactive. Tryptic digestion of M produces an N-terminal octadecapeptide (Tr_I) and a C-terminal tetradecapeptide (Tr_II), the latter being also obtained from D. Amino acid analysis and other analytical data are presented. The structure of the human calcitonin peptides D and M is thus very different from that of porcine α-thyrocalcitonin.     

Isolation and Total synthesis of the major constituent of the roots ofcentaurea incana : aplotaxene

The major constituent of the petroleum ether extract of the root ofCentaurea incana was identified as (8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-1,8,11,l4-heptadecatetraene (Aplotaxene 1). A convergent and highly stereoselective synthesis of this compound is reported.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by α bonds.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Isolation and characterization of an acid proteinase fromAspergillus oryzae

The heat stability, substrate specificity, and the pH optima of activation and inhibition of an acid proteinase isolated from the industrial preparation amilorizin Pkh have been studied. The enzyme has been found active in the hydrolysis of chromophoric peptide substrates of the type of Dnp-Gly-Gly-X-Arg-OH, where X = Phe, Met, Trp. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity by pepstatin and covalent inhibitors of carboxylic proteinases show that this enzyme belongs to the proteinases of the pepsin type.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Ultrapure Biopreparations, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 366–373, May–June, 1981.     

Isolation of the galactan ofPhyllophora nervosa and characterization of its structure

Summary 1. The chemical composition of the galactan of the Black-Sea algaPhyllophora nervosa has been established and its structure has been studied. The polysaccharide is linear and is constructed of D-galactose residued connected by 1 3 glycosidic bonds and of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose residues connected by 1 4 bonds:-(4-0--D-Galp-13--D-3,6-AhGalp-1)-.2. The ester nature of the bond of the sulfuric acid residues with the primary and secondary carbon atoms of the galactose residues has been shown.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 693–698, November–December, 1976.     

Plant polysaccharides. IX. Isolation and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides ofLagochilus usunachmaticus

A polysaccharide possessing pronounced direct-action anticoagulant activity has been isolated from the epigeal part ofLagochilus usunachmaticus.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–692, September–October, 1997.     

Fractionation of the polysaccharides ofChara aculeolata

Summary The carbohydrate complex of the Chara algaChara aculeolata Kütz is peculiar and includes polysaccharides of the types of starch, hemicelluloses, and cellulose and also acid polymers of two types, one of which is esterified with sulfuric acid residues while the other contains D-galacturonic acid as the main component.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 698–702, November–December, 1976.     

Indole alkaloids from the roots of an african plant securidaca longipedunculata. I. Isolation by column chromatography and preliminary structural characterization by mass spectrometry

The extraction and the isolation of some alkaloids from the roots of an African plant (Securidaca Longipedunculata Fres) are reported. The structural characterization was performed by mass spectrometry. Alternative ionization methods (FAB and EI), collisionally-induced decomposition experiments and accurate mass measurements revealed the presence of elymoclavine and dehydroelymoclavine and the presence of a new ergoline alkaloid.     

Structural study of alkaloids from securidaca longipedunculata roots. II. Isolation and characterization by supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Various alkaloids obtained from the methanol extracts of the roots of Securidaca Longipedunculata Fres. were studied using supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry. This hyphenated method and parallel unimolecular and collisionally activated decomposition experiments on electron impact-generated molecular ions gave information on the structure of compounds. The presence of the ergoline skeleton in some of them was assigned.