仿生智能单纳米通道的研究进展

自然界的生命体经过亿万年的进化几乎完成了智能操纵的所有过程,向自然学习是智能新材料和新体系发展的永恒主题.生物学纳米通道,典型的如水通道和离子通道,在细胞的基本分子生物学过程中发挥着重要的作用.目前,仿生智能单纳米通道主要是从不同外场响应（pH值、温度、离子等）来开展研究.文章主要结合作者所在课题组的最新研究进展,对受水通道和离子通道启发的仿生智能纳米通道系统的研究工作做一简要综述和展望.     

纳米水通道内水的流动特性研究

由于纳米水通道在水处理方面的潜在应用以及它与生物水通道的相似性,人们对纳米水通道的研究受到广泛重视.文章重点介绍了近10年来在纳米水通道方面的研究进展,特别是在外力或外电场扰动下,纳米碳管内水的流动特性.主要包括:热噪音环境下受控水通道内水流的开关特性;外电场驱动下纳米管道内水流的行为;受生物水通道的复杂结构启发的纳米水泵设计.     

纳米水通道内水的流动特性研究

由于纳米水通道在水处理方面的潜在应用以及它与生物水通道的相似性,人们对纳米水通道的研究受到广泛重视.文章重点介绍了近10年来在纳米水通道方面的研究进展,特别是在外力或外电场扰动下,纳米碳管内水的流动特性.主要包括：热噪音环境下受控水通道内水流的开关特性;外电场驱动下纳米管道内水流的行为;受生物水通道的复杂结构启发的纳米水泵设计.     

棒状纳米纤维素仿生矿化及光谱分析

以棒状纳米纤维素为模板,采用仿生矿化的方法制备纳米纤维素/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM-EDAX)对仿生矿化前后纳米纤维素中碳、氧、钙、磷元素的变化情况及分布状态进行了表征,并探讨了纳米羟基磷灰石的生长机理。结果表明纳米纤维素表面形成了纳米羟基磷灰石;纳米纤维素的碳氧比为1.81,仿生矿化后下降为1.54;仿生矿化后纳米纤维素的钙磷比nCa/nP=1.70;纳米羟基磷灰石成核是在纳米纤维素的羟基上,并且纳米纤维素表面羟基和纳米羟基磷灰石的钙离子之间发生了配位作用。纳米羟基磷灰石较为均一的形成在纳米纤维素的基体中。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)图片可以看出,直径为20nm左右的羟基磷灰石生长在纳米纤维素的表面。     

纳米通道滑移流动的分子动力学研究

本文采用非平衡分子动力学方法对纳米通道内的Couette流动进行了研究,计算获得了不同壁面和流体间势能作用强度下通道内流体的速度分布和密度分布,反映出可能存在的速度滑移、表观无滑移和负滑移现象,并探讨了速度滑移程度和壁面作用强度之间的关系。     

纳米通道滑移流动的分子动力学模拟研究

本文采用非平衡分子动力学方法对平板纳米通道滑移流动进行了非平衡分子动力学模拟,获得了不同壁面势能和不同温度时流体的速度分布及密度分布。研究结果表明滑移速度在很大程度上决定于流体温度和壁面吸引力作用强度的大小。由于不同壁面吸引力时流体的密度分布受温度的影响规律不同,使得不同壁面吸引力时流体的滑移速度受温度影响规律也不一致。而且,流体结构受壁面流速的影响要受到壁面势能的制约。     

纳米通道内超疏水性表面气泡的运动

疏水表面纳米气泡的运动有重要的应用价值和研究意义。本文采用分子动力学方法,模拟了纳米通道壁面为超疏水性时壁面上气泡的运动状况。在质量力驱动下,随着外界驱动力的增大,两壁面上的气泡被逐渐拉长,同时逐渐变得扁平;前端"接触角"逐渐增大,而后端"接触角"逐渐减小。纳米通道内疏水性表面的纳米气泡随着外部驱动力的变化呈现出不同的形态,变化程度随着驱动力的增大而增大。在不同驱动力作用下,两个气泡总是保持相同的速度,气泡的速度与外力驱动的大小呈线性增长趋势。随着外力的增大,边界层及通道中心速度皆呈现增大趋势。     

纳米通道壁面晶面结构对吸附影响的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学方法,模拟了流体在晶面结构为FCC100、FCC110、FCC111壁面上的吸附现象,结果表明壁面结构对粒子的吸附有较大的影响.在相同的条件下,三种晶面结构的吸附区产生的吸附作用力不相同,FCC110结构壁面的吸附粒子更贴近壁面,FCC111结构壁面吸附的粒子最多.在纳米尺度下定义壁面相对光滑度来表征...     

电场方向对一维断裂纳米通道连接处水桥结构的影响

电场影响纳米通道内的水分子的电偶极矩取向,进而影响纳米通道内的水分子的传输.为了有效发掘水分子在纳米通道内的传输特点,必须研究更复杂的纳米通道结构.最新一种构造复杂纳米通道的方式是构造断裂纳米通道.在研究断裂纳米通道内的水分子的动力学特点时,通常是在零电场或单一电场方向下进行的,电场方向对断裂纳米通道内的水分子的影响机理尚不明确,这制约了部分场控分子器件的设计.为了探究该问题,本文采用分子动力学模拟方法,系统研究了电场方向从0°变化到180°的过程中,电场方向对完整纳米通道以及断裂长度分别为0.2和0.4 nm的断裂纳米通道内的水分子的占据数、传输、水桥、电偶极矩偏向等性质的影响.结果表明,在1 V/nm的电场强度作用下,这三种纳米通道内的水分子的占据数、传输等差别主要集中在电场方向与管轴夹角为90°时,此时完整纳米通道内能形成稳定的水链,断裂长度为0.2 nm的纳米通道的连接处能形成不稳定的水桥,而断裂长度为0.4 nm的纳米通道的连接处不能形成水桥.此外,模拟发现当电场极化方向与管轴夹角为90°时,增大电场的强度,断裂纳米通道连接处的水桥更容易断裂.     

天然超疏水生物表面研究的新进展

文章简要地论述了表面浸润性的基本理论，介绍了几种天然超疏水生物表面最新的研究进展，包括荷叶、蝉翼、水稻叶以及水黾腿，特别介绍了作者的研究小组利用从壁虎脚高黏附力获得的灵感仿生制备出一种对水滴具有高黏附的超疏水阵列聚苯乙烯纳米管材料，最后对超疏水材料的研究趋势作了展望。     

Bio-inspired wearable characteristic surface: Wear behavior of cast iron with biomimetic units processed by laser

Stimulated by the cuticles of soil animals, an attempt to improve the wear resistance of compact graphite cast iron (CGI) with biomimetic units on the surface was made by using a biomimetic coupled laser remelting (BCLR) process. The microstructure and microhardness of biomimetic units were examined. The wear behaviors of biomimetic specimens as functions of laser input energy and biomimetic unit shape were investigated under dry sliding condition, respectively. The results indicated that the biomimetic specimens had better wear resistance than the untreated specimens. The wear resistance of the biomimetic specimens increases with the increase of laser input energy due to the increase of the depth and the width of biomimetic units as well as the increase of the microhardness. The specimen with grid biomimetic units had the best resistance, the stria took the second place and the convex showed the worst. The application of laser remelting provided desirable microstructural changes in biomimetic units, which generated the intensified particles effect for improving the wear resistance. The adhesive wear was the dominative wear mechanism for the biomimetic specimens.     

Shape effect of nanochannels on water mobility

Confinement can induce unusual behaviors of water. Inspired by the fabrication of carbon nanotubes with noncircular cross sections, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mobilities of water confined in carbon nanochannels with circular, square, and equilateral triangular cross sections over a variety of dimensions. We find that water exhibits disparate mobilities across different types of channels below 0.796 nm². Notably, compared with the other two channels, water in equilateral triangular channels displays the greatest mobilities. Moreover, at 0.425 nm², different ordered structures are found in the three channels, and water inside the square channel exhibits an extremely low mobility. It is also found that above 0.796 nm², the mobilities along the tube axis of water converge to that of the bulk. These phenomena are understood by analyzing the structure, dynamics, and hydrogen bonding of water. Our work explores the mobilities of water across noncircular carbon nanochannels, which may expand the prospect of noncircular nanochannels in scientific studies and practical applications, such as desalination and drug delivery.     

玉米近红外光谱在仿生模式识别中的特征提取方法研究

近红外光谱特征提取是近红外光谱定性分析的关键步骤,其质量直接影响定性分析结果。采用漫透射方法测量8个玉米品种的近红外光谱,经预处理后,分别采用PCA,ICA,PLS-DA和小波分解四种方法对光谱进行特征提取,并使用仿生模式识别方法建立了8个玉米品种识别模型,最后使用测试集数据进行模型测试。结论如下:使用PLS-DA方法进行特征提取后建立的模型正确识别率优于使用PCA,ICA和小波分解特征提取后建立的模型。     

Study on infrared emissivity of biomimetic motheye sapphire single crystal

As a focus of research on materials science, bionic structure has drawn a great deal of attention from researchers. In this paper, patterned antireflection microstructure used for space optical window was fabricated on the surface of sapphire single crystal based on “Biomimetic Motheye Structure”. Meanwhile, emissivity of patterned sapphire at high temperature was investigated. The results indicated that transmittance of sapphire increased with spectrum red shift effect because of surface microstructures; the emissivity of patterned sapphire increased with rising of temperature in 6∼11 μm band; microstructures on surface led the scattering and attenuation coefficient of light to increase, thus, the emissivity of patterned sapphire was greater than that of contrast specimen which was not patterned. At the end of the paper, an audacious conclusion was made that the effect of microstructure on emissivity would decrease or even disappear with the increase of temperature.     

Stability of biomimetic ferrofluids established by a systematic study using microwave irradiation at defined wattages

An established biomimetic process for the synthesis of aqueous ferrofluids using polymers has been subjected to systematic microwave irradiation at different wattages primarily to see if the magnetization could be increased by microwave irradiation and if so how would it affect the stability of the fluid. Care has been taken to maintain ambient conditions of synthesis even after three cycles of microwave irradiation before oxidation and ten cycles after it, so as not to violate the basic principles of the process. Detailed characterization using, x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry showed that these fluids containing iron oxide nanoparticles-poly(vinyl) alcohol nanocomposites are highly stable in the proportions established by us. Measurements at five different wattages double the saturation magnetization but the stability remains unaffected compared to the one without microwave irradiation, forcing us to believe that the incubation of the iron salt solution and the polymer in the right proportion before oxidation is what contributes to the stability and that increasing the number of cycles of microwave irradiation at this stage, perhaps, would have led to a more pronounced effect.     

Protein adsorption and biomimetic mineralization behaviors of PLL-DNA multilayered films assembled onto titanium

Titanium and its alloys are frequently used as surgical implants in load bearing situations, such as hip prostheses and dental implants, owing to their biocompatibility, mechanical and physical properties. In this paper, a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique, based on the polyelectrolyte-mediated electrostatic adsorption of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and DNA, was used to the formation of multilayer on titanium surfaces. Then bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and biomimetic mineralization of modified surfaces were studied. The chemical composition and wettability of assembled substrates were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy and water contact angle measurement, respectively. The XPS analysis indicated that the layers were assembled successfully through electrostatic attractions. The measurement with ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer revealed that the LBL films enhanced ability of BSA adsorption onto titanium. The adsorption quantity of BSA on the surface terminated with PLL was higher than that of the surface terminated with DNA, and the samples of TiOH/P/D/P absorbed BSA most. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that samples of assembled PLL or/and DNA had better bioactivity in inducing HA formation. Thus the assembling of PLL and DNA onto the surface of titanium in turn via a layer-by-layer self-assembly technology can improve the bioactivity of titanium.     

Effect of medium on friction and wear properties of compacted graphite cast iron processed by biomimetic coupling laser remelting process

Stimulated by the cuticles of soil animals, an attempt to improve the wear resistance of compact graphite cast iron (CGI) with biomimetic units on the surface was made by using a biomimetic coupled laser remelting process in air and various thicknesses water film, respectively. The microstructures of biomimetic units were examined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction was used to describe the microstructure and identify the phases in the melted zone. Microhardness was measured and the wear behaviors of biomimetic specimens as functions of different mediums as well as various water film thicknesses were investigated under dry sliding condition, respectively. The results indicated that the microstructure zones in the biomimetic specimens processed with water film are refined compared with that processed in air and had better wear resistance increased by 60%, the microhardness of biomimetic units has been improved significantly. The application of water film provided finer microstructures and much more regular grain shape in biomimetic units, which played a key role in improving the friction properties and wear resistance of CGI.