Numerical Simulation of the Unsteady Laminar Flow Past a Circular Cylinder with a Perforated Sheath

The unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow past a circular cylinder encased in a perforated sheath is numerically simulated. On the basis of the calculated results a technique for controlling the wake flow by diverting a portion of the flow from the forward stagnation point through internal ducts to orifices in the sheath located in the separation zone, is analyzed.     

应用二维频移LDV测量多孔板管流的湍流特性

采用二维ＬＤＶ系统对圆管中装有四孔板和三孔板的湍流特性进行了实验研究．在孔板下游射流沿管轴逐渐混合．沿管壁可以观察到反向流区域．经足够长距离后，轴向和切向湍流度逐渐趋于相同数量级．实验结果表明，孔板结构和开孔度对湍流特性有重要影响．     

基于PIV测量的超声波流量计内流场特性研究

采用PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)测量手段,考察了小口径超声波流量计的流动特性。首先针对前端安装直管段时,不同流量条件下的流场特性建立基本认识,实验结果表明,在低流量条件下,流量计内流场存在明显的不稳定演变和非定常流动特征。进一步以上游前端安装球阀为典型案例,考察了安装条件对超声波流量计响应特性和测量偏差的影响。结合直管段的实验观测结果,发现此种结构超声波流量计的适应性与其流场非定常性的关系具有很好的一致性,即流场结构稳定则适应性强。此外,综合多参数的实验结果表明,雷诺数是判断小口径超声波流量计测量准确性的重要无量纲参数。     

Ballistic Resistance of Novel Amorphous-Alloy-Reinforced Perforated Armor

A new concept of lightweight structure,namely amorphous-alloy-reinforced perforated armor(ARPA)consisting of the amorphous alloy coating and perforated metal substrate plate,is proposed.The ballistic performance of the ARPA is investigated numerically.The failure modes of ARPA and projectiles are identified,and the defeating mechanism of the ARPA is explored.It is shown that the amorphous alloy coating is helpful for enhancing the target’s ballistic performance by seriously eroding and fracturing the penetrators.The effects of coating thickness,initial impact velocity and impact angle are also discussed for the target’s ballistic performance.The optimal design of coating thickness may be necessary for enhancing the ballistic resistance of ARPAs.     

Perforated grating stacks in thin elastic plates

The reflection and transmission spectrum of an individual grating, and repeated stacks of gratings, is computed using boundary integral methods for arrays of arbitrarily shaped cavities, with free-edge boundary conditions, that are periodically repeated in a thin elastic plate. The solution is found using a specially developed boundary element method coupled with an array Green’s function. The computational code is tested against the solution obtained using multipoles which applies only to circular geometries but is shown to give very good agreement. The code is also validated using energy balance equations which includes the evanescent modes. A number of cavity shapes are investigated and results are compared against circular cavities with equivalent volumes.     

Topology Optimization of Perforated Continua Based on Truss-Like Material Model

A topology optimization method from truss-like continua to perforated continua is studied, which is based on the concept of force transmission paths. The force transmission paths are optimized utilizing a truss-like material model. In the optimization procedure, parts of the force transmission paths are removed. Finally, perforated optimal continua are formed by further optimizing the material distribution field. No intermediate densities are suppressed; therefore, no additional technique is involved and no numerical instabilities are created. Structural topologies are presented using material distribution fields rather than the 'existence' or 'inexistence' of elements. More detailed structures are obtained utilizing less dense elements.     

Stress Separation of Interferometrically Measured Isopachics in a Perforated Plate

A method for the stress separation of interferometrically measured isopachics using an Airy stress function is proposed in this study. A Poisson equation that represents the relationship between the sum of principal stresses and an Airy stress function is solved using a finite element method. The Dirichlet boundary condition for solving the Poisson equation is determined by the approximation of an assumed Airy stress function along the boundary of the model. Therefore, the distribution of the Airy stress function is obtained from the measured isopachic contours. Then, the stresses are obtained from the computed Airy stress function. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying the proposed method to the isopachic contours in a perforated plate obtained by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Results indicate that stress components around a hole in a plate can be obtained from isopachics by the proposed method.     

布孔方式对孔洞材料宏观力学性能影响的研究

运用材料破坏过程分析MFPA2D系统,从细观力学和损伤力学角度,研究了布孔方式对孔洞材料宏观力学性能以及破坏机理的影响。在研究中,分别建立了三种含双孔、四孔以及多孔的正方形数值模型。双孔以沿试件垂直中心线重叠布置,沿试件水平中心线并列布置和沿试件对角线倾斜布置三种方式进行布孔,四孔以正方形和菱形两种布孔方式置于试件中央区域,多孔成排布置并使其相邻四孔成正方形和菱形镶嵌于试件中。然后对这三种试件分别进行了标准的单轴压缩数值试验。通过对试验结果的讨论,阐明了布孔方式对孔洞材料宏观力学行为和细观损伤机理的影响。结果表明:孔洞的相互作用既可以增强应力集中程度,也可以减弱应力集中程度;正方形布孔方式比菱形布孔方式使孔洞材料具有更高的承载能力;多孔材料的延性断裂行为是孔洞应力屏蔽作用和材料损伤局部化行为共同作用的结果。     

基于空气-雪两相流动力学仿真的滑雪板界面特性及其减阻性能研究

在冬奥会的比赛中滑雪板是重要的比赛装备,滑雪板与雪的界面特性极大地影响了滑雪板的性能.滑雪板与雪的界面同时存在雪、空气与滑雪板三者的耦合作用且作用时间短,因此常规的试验研究难度很大.计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真是研究流体界面性能的重要手段,可以模拟真实滑雪条件下,滑雪板滑行时的界面状态,量化分析界面的作用力等物理量.本文中以单板滑雪板作为研究对象,单板滑雪板在滑动界面上涉及到空气与雪两相流体问题.因此,本研究中采用CFD仿真的方法对坡面障碍单板进行分析研究.结合滑雪板的运动位姿状态,将结构分为4个变量参数进行分析,结果显示侧刃弦长对界面作用力影响最大,并探究结构最优组合;攻角则分为5个不同参数进行分析,结果显示雪板抬起角度为5°左右时,可以起到降低滑动界面作用力的效果.滑雪板结构与攻角的优化,可为后续的滑雪板设计与运动员运动过程中滑雪板姿态起到指导作用.     

Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

孔网钢增强复合材料管的弹性模量研究

以孔网钢聚乙烯复合管为例,利用单轴压缩实验研究了孔网钢增强复合材料管的力学性能,包括复合管的抗压强度和弹性性质,提出了孔网钢等效弹性模量和开孔因子的概念(分别记为Es和η),根据实验结果和复合材料理论,得到孔网钢等效弹性模量Es和开孔因子η的实验值.运用单孔模型,推导得到了孔网钢等效弹性模量Es和开孔因子η的解析计算公...     

激光片光流动显示技术在高机动飞机布局设计中的应用

采用激光片光流动显示技术,针对某高机动布局飞机开展大迎角流动机理研究.结果表明激光片光流动显示技术具备捕捉复杂流动结构的能力,可以清晰观察双前翼布局大迎角下机头涡、第一前翼涡、第二前翼涡以及机翼涡等涡结构的生成、发展、融合等复杂流动结构的演化,并且揭示出涡结构扫略垂尾内侧使布局航向更加安定,偏转前翼将使旋涡绕流的涡心降低,造成布局升力提高,低头力矩增加.片光流动显示结果进一步表明,布局航向安定性不足,垂尾需要沿展向外移动,为布局深化设计提供了设计依据.     

多孔钢板对气相爆轰波传播影响的实验研究

本实验旨在研究气相爆轰波在衬有多孔钢板的管道中传播的现象。先是在光滑管壁的管道中产生稳定的具 胞格结构的爆轰波,然后让它通过专门设计的管壁上衬有多孔钢板的阻尼段。利用压力传感器测量了氢氧混合气体爆轰波在阻尼段中的传播速度和爆压。发现爆轰波在通过阻尼段时有先衰减后又加强的现象。证实了多孔钢板等一类吸收材料既有吸收横波削弱爆轰波的作用,又有加强湍流使爆轰波得以恢复的作用。文中对吸收材料的粗糙表面产生自发转换形成新的横波的机制进行了探讨。     

Impermeability Through a Perforated Domain for the Incompressible two dimensional Euler Equations

We study the asymptotic behavior of the motion of an ideal incompressible fluid in a perforated domain. The porous medium is composed of inclusions of size \({\varepsilon}\) separated by distances \({d_{\varepsilon}}\) and the fluid fills the exterior. If the inclusions are distributed on the unit square, the asymptotic behavior depends on the limit of \({\frac{d_{\varepsilon}}\varepsilon}\) when \({\varepsilon}\) goes to zero. If \({\frac{d_{\varepsilon}}\varepsilon \to \infty}\), then the limit motion is not perturbed by the porous medium, namely, we recover the Euler solution in the whole space. If, on the contrary, \({\frac{d_{\varepsilon}}\varepsilon \to 0}\), then the fluid cannot penetrate the porous region, namely, the limit velocity verifies the Euler equations in the exterior of an impermeable square. If the inclusions are distributed on the unit segment then the behavior depends on the geometry of the inclusion: it is determined by the limit of \({\frac{d_{\varepsilon}}{\varepsilon^{2+\frac1\gamma}}}\) where \({\gamma \in (0,\infty]}\) is related to the geometry of the lateral boundaries of the obstacles. If \({\frac{d_{\varepsilon}}{\varepsilon^{2+\frac1\gamma}} \to \infty}\), then the presence of holes is not felt at the limit, whereas an impermeable wall appears if this limit is zero. Therefore, for a distribution in one direction, the critical distance depends on the shape of the inclusions; in particular, it is equal to \({\varepsilon^{3}}\) for balls.     

Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Double-Tube Heat Exchanger Partially Filled with Porous Media Under Turbulent Flow Regime

A two-dimensional analysis of the onset of thermal convective instability in a horizontal porous layer with open upper boundary is carried out. The saturating fluid is non-Newtonian of power-law behaviour, and its flow is represented through a suitable extension of Darcy’s law. A model of temperature-dependent viscosity is employed where the consistency index is considered as variable, while the power-law index is assumed to be constant. Numerical data for the neutral stability and for the critical values of a modified Darcy–Rayleigh number have been obtained. The feasibility of an experimental validation of the theoretical results predicted by the stability analysis is discussed in detail. An experimental set-up based on a Hele-Shaw cell is described, and preliminary results relative to the onset of convective cells are described. Observed hysteretic effects and deviations from the rheological model are identified as potential sources of uncertainty.     

Erratum to: Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

回火温度对20Cr13不锈钢液固两相流冲刷腐蚀性能的影响

对20Cr13不锈钢经过1 030℃淬火后在不同温度下进行回火处理,分析了回火温度对20Cr13不锈钢组织硬度的影响,采用自制的旋转冲刷腐蚀试验机研究了在0.5M H₂SO₄液固两相流条件下,回火温度对20Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀性能的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了试样冲刷腐蚀表面的微观形貌,探讨了其冲刷腐蚀机理.结果表明:20Cr13不锈钢经淬火后250℃左右回火时硬度最高;经回火处理后20Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀特征表现为腐蚀作用强于冲刷作用,而冲刷强烈促进腐蚀,冲刷与腐蚀的交互作用占冲刷腐蚀总失重率的80%左右.随着回火温度的升高,20Cr13不锈钢组织由马氏体转变为屈氏体、索氏体,碳化物颗粒逐渐长大,腐蚀量增大,冲刷腐蚀总量也增大,250℃左右回火时,20Cr13不锈钢抗冲刷腐蚀性能最佳.     

基于声学超材料的穿孔板缺陷态俘能特性研究

论文提出了一套适用于在低频段区间工作的声学超材料俘能装置.通过在含孔的声学超材料结构中制造一个局域共振缺陷态,进而将入射声波的弹性应变能集中在缺陷区域中,并利用压电晶片实现能量的转化.论文采用有限元的方法研究了元胞含孔的声学超材料在共振频率下俘获功率与电压的性能.进一步地,通过逐渐改变孔的尺寸,探究了孔径大小对俘能效果的影响.数值计算结果表明:相比于元胞不含孔的声学超材料俘能装置,通过在元胞上打孔可以明显地提高装置在低频段的俘能特性.论文提出的装置具有易加工,实用性强等优点,进一步提高了其在低频区间俘能的工作能力,具有潜在的应用前景.     

中国力学学会第五届全国多相流,非牛顿流,物理化学流学术会议简介

中国力学学会第五届全国多相流,非牛顿流,物理化学流学术会议于２０００年１０月３１日到１１月１日在武汉华中科技大学召开．本次会议是过去１９７９年在成都召开的第一届会议,１９８２年在北京召开的第二届会议,１９９０年在杭州召开的第三届会议,１９９３年召开的第四届会议,以及１９９７年在北京召开的第一届国际会议的继续．参加本届会议的代表来自国内力学,工程热物理和热能,化工,冶金,石油,水利等行业共４０人左右,发表论文３１篇,其中气固和液固流动８篇：气液和液液流动９篇,非牛顿流７篇,渗流７篇． 在气固和液固…