生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展

近年来,随着聚合物材料和生物医药交叉领域的发展,生物可降解聚合物得到了广泛关注.其中,生物可降解超支化聚合物具有独特的三维拓扑结构、大的内部空腔、众多的活性末端基团以及良好生物相容性和可降解性等特点,在生物医学领域包括药物/造影剂输送、基因转染、蛋白质纯化/检测/输送、抗菌、组织工程等领域都展现出很大的应用前景.本文主要从水解、酶解和刺激降解的降解机理出发,详细综述了近年来生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展,并简单介绍了它们在疾病治疗中的应用.     

高分子钆配合物磁共振造影剂的研究进展

近年来,高分子磁共振造影剂因其弛豫效率高、体内驻留时间长、器官选择性好和毒副作用小等优点而倍受关注。本文综述用于磁共振造影剂的高分子钆配合物的最新研究进展。讨论了将官能化的配合物与线性、树状聚合物及生物大分子结合制备高分子钆配合物的合成方法,并介绍了高分子钆配合物磁共振造影剂的性能、应用和发展前景。     

环境敏感水凝胶的研究进展

综述了环境敏感水凝胶在制备、功能性及其应用方面的研究进展 ,尤其是温敏水凝胶、pH敏感水凝胶和盐敏水凝胶的研究状况 ,也对光敏和生物分子敏感水凝胶进行了简单评述     

控制/活性阳离子聚合的研究进展

从链引发、链增长两个方面对控制,活性阳离子聚合及其最新研究进展进行了综述.介绍了茂金属类、水溶性Lewis类和烷基铝等几类新型的引发体系,以及亲核试剂、沉淀平衡和"阳离子池"在控制链增长方面的应用.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

 甲醇氧化电催化剂是决定直接甲醇燃料电池性能、寿命和成本的关键材料之一. 近年来人们从提高阳极催化剂活性和降低催化剂成本两个方面出发进行了大量的研究, 有力推动了直接甲醇燃料电池的发展. 在简要介绍电催化剂上甲醇氧化反应机理的基础上, 综述了近年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展, 从铂基催化剂、非铂基催化剂和催化剂载体三个方面进行了详细的介绍 (附有 58 篇参考文献), 并展望了甲醇电催化剂的发展趋势     

生物环境智能响应磁共振造影剂研究进展

随着生物医学领域的不断发展,人们对于在分子机理层面上研究生物体系中新陈代谢、疾病的发生和发展等过程的需求日益增长.磁共振成像因拥有其他成像方法所不具备的非侵入式、深层次的空间分辨能力,为生物体系分子层面的检测提供了有力的工具.分子层面的磁共振成像检测离不开生物环境智能响应磁共振造影剂的使用.生物环境智能响应磁共振造影剂的造影能力会随着特定生物环境变化而发生改变.此类造影剂使得人们可以根据磁共振图像上信号的改变分析得到生物体特定位置的pH、离子浓度、酶活力等相关信息.近20年来,生物环境智能响应磁共振造影剂得到了长足的发展.本文将按不同的响应对象分类总结近几年此类造影剂的研究进展,并对一些重要的研究成果进行较为详细的阐述和对比,分析目前生物环境智能响应磁共振造影剂研究中存在的困难和解决方案,最后对本领域的进一步发展进行展望.     

食品中黄曲霉毒素比色生物检测技术研究进展

介绍了基于不同生物识别分子的比色生物检测技术在食品黄曲霉毒素(AFs)检测中的研究进展.从生物识别分子种类、显色机制、方法性能等方面进行了综述,并对各自特点进行讨论,对比色生物检测技术在食品中AFs检测的应用进行了展望.     

PEO-PPO-PEO在生物医用材料方面的研究进展

聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物因其具有良好的生物相容性和蛋白抗性,近年来在生物医用材料中的应用越来越广泛.聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯水溶液具有温度敏感的胶束化和热可逆凝胶化特点,被认为是一种具有许多优点的药物传输载体,药物与胶束的核心结合增加了药物的溶解性、代谢稳定性和体内循环时间.本文对聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯在生物医用方面的研究进展进行了综述,并重点介绍了其在药物传输载体,组织工程等方面的研究进展.     

喹唑啉类化合物的合成及活性研究进展

喹唑啉类化合物在药物和农药领域具有多种优良的生物和生理活性,其合成方法是目前药物和农药研究的热点领域之一。本文着重从构筑喹唑啉母环骨架的角度出发,按成环原料种类对喹唑啉环的构筑和喹唑啉类化合物的合成方法和研究进展作一综述。同时对喹唑啉类化合物在抗肿瘤、抗疟、抗菌、抗病毒等方面的生物活性进行了介绍。     

离子交换与吸附技术应用于生物分离与纯化的最新进展

近年来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域有着广泛应用,在生物分离与纯化方面的研究不断丰富。通过离子交换与吸附技术可以实现多种活性物质的分离纯化以及目标产物的分离。本文以近几年生物分离与纯化的研究成果为例,首先介绍了离子交换与吸附技术在活性物质提取、病毒分离等方面的应用,之后着重介绍了该技术在血液净化方向的研究进展。未来,离子交换与吸附技术在生物医药领域的成果也将不断推动我国医学、化工、食品等产业的发展。     

Research Advances in Ion Channel-based Electrochemical Sensing Techniques

During the past few years, the electrochemical sensing techniques based on ion channels have attracted considerable attention. Nowadays, these techniques have been widely used in DNA sequencing, measurement of molecular interactions, and detection of inorganic ions and biological species. Hence, in this review, the research progresses of the ion channel-based electrochemical techniques including amperometry, conductometry and potentiometry in chemical and biological sensing are addressed from the perspective of different electrochemical methods. The sensing mechanism and fabrication process of these sensing methods are mainly introduced. In addition, the further research orientations of the electrochemical sensing based on ion channels are prospected.     

Molecular contrast optical coherence tomography: a review

This article reviews the current state of research on the use of molecular contrast agents in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging techniques. After a brief discussion of the basic principle of OCT and the importance of incorporating molecular contrast agent usage into this imaging modality, we shall present an overview of the different molecular contrast OCT (MCOCT) methods that have been developed thus far. We will then discuss several important practical issues that define the possible range of contrast agent choice, the design criteria for engineered molecular contrast agent and the implementability of a given MCOCT method for clinical or biological applications. We will conclude by outlining a few areas of pursuit that deserve a greater degree of research and development.     

吖啶类化合物在抗肿瘤方面的研究进展

吖啶类衍生物是一类含氮的有机杂环化合物,由于其在抗炎、抗菌及抗肿瘤方面体现了较好的生物活性而受到了广泛关注。本文对近年来吖啶类化合物在抗肿瘤方面的国内外研究成果进行了综述,对其主要作用靶点如端粒酶、拓扑异构酶Ⅰ/Ⅱ、微管蛋白、ABCG2/ P-glycoprotein (P-gP)以及蛋白激酶等方面的研究进行了介绍,并指出该类化合物的发展方向及应用前景。     

What We Can Really Do with Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents

Bioresponsive MRI contrast agents hold great promise for monitoring major physiological and pathological processes in a non‐invasive manner. They are capable of altering the acquired MRI signal as a consequence of changes in their microenvironment, thus allowing real‐time functional reporting in living organisms. Importantly, chemistry offers diverse solutions for the design of agents which respond to a great number of specific targets. However, the path to the successful utilization of these biomarkers in the desired functional MRI studies involves careful consideration of multiple scientific, technical, and practical issues across various research disciplines. This Minireview highlights the critical steps for planning and executing such multidisciplinary projects with an aim to substantially improve our knowledge of essential biological processes.     

纳米级造影剂在肿瘤影像学诊疗中的基础应用进展

肿瘤的早期诊断对其生存率及预后有极大的意义,医学成像造影剂的应用可极大地提高肿瘤的早期诊断水平。通过新兴纳米技术开发无毒、成像能力更强、循环时间更长的纳米级造影剂是目前研究的热点。本文综述了纳米级造影剂在MRI、CT、US、PET和SPECT等生物医学成像技术中,对于肿瘤诊疗的基础应用,并列举了部分研究实例。纳米级造影剂具有广阔的临床应用前景,未来的研究重点将会是开发集诊断、治疗于一体的多功能的纳米平台。     

量子力学和分子力学组合方法

量子力学和分子力学(QM/MM)组合方法结合了量子力学的精确性和分子力学的高效性,在研究凝聚态中的化学反应及生物大分子的结构和活性等方面发挥着重要作用。本文主要介绍了QM/MM组合方法的基本原理及国内外有关QM/MM组合方法的研究进展。     

聚磷酸酯医用材料

聚磷酸酯是一种生物相容性好、结构较易进行修饰和功能化的生物降解高分子，可以应用于药物缓释材料、组织工程材料、动物体内显影剂等医用领域。本文论述了近年来的聚磷酸酯医用材料的研究进展，尤其是作为药物缓释材料的合成与应用情况。随着合成研究的深入，聚磷酸酯在医用材料方面的应用将更加引人注目。     

Cellular delivery of MRI contrast agents

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for acquiring images of opaque living animals with the benefit of tracking events over extended periods of time on the same specimen. Contrast agents are used to enhance regions, tissues, and cells that are magnetically similar but histologically distinct. A principal barrier to the development of MRI contrast agents for investigating biological questions is the delivery of agents across cellular membranes. Here, we describe the synthesis and in vitro testing of Gd(III)-based MRI contrast agents containing varying length polyarginine oligomers capable of permeating cell membranes. We examine the effect of the length of oligomer on T(1) enhancement and cellular uptake. Furthermore, the effect of incubation time, concentration, and cell type on uptake is explored. Toxicity and washout studies are performed in addition to MRI phantom studies.     

Spatially Resolved Quantification of Gadolinium(III)‐Based Magnetic Resonance Agents in Tissue by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry after In Vivo MRI

Gadolinium(III)‐based contrast agents improve the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially when targeted contrast agents are applied. Because of nonlinear correlation between the contrast agent concentration in tissue and the MRI signal obtained in vivo, quantification of certain biological or pathophysiological processes by MRI remains a challenge. Up to now, no technology has been able to provide a spatially resolved quantification of MRI agents directly within the tissue, which would allow a more precise verification of in vivo imaging results. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for spatially resolved in situ quantification of gadolinium(III) agents, in correlation to in vivo MRI, were evaluated. Enhanced kinetics of Gadofluorine M were determined dynamically over time in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. MALDI imaging was able to corroborate the in vivo imaging MRI signals and enabled in situ quantification of the gadolinium probe with high spatial resolution.     

磁共振成像造影剂的研究进展

磁共振成像技术已成为临床医学影像学检查的重要手段,30%以上的磁共振成像诊断需要使用造影剂,因此磁共振成像造影剂也成为一种重要的临床诊断药物.本文简单介绍磁共振成像造影剂的定义、原理和分类,并对当前的研究进展进行了的评述,认为开发具有靶向性、高弛豫效率、使用安全的造影剂是研究的主要方向.