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根据对866个有代表性的旋光物质的研究,H.J.Roth和A.Kleemann指出,半数以上的旋光物质是手性的,至少具有一个或一个以上手性中心。其中22%光活性物质来自天然产物或从天然产物通过部分合成得到。78%光活性物质是全合成的,但是纯的对映体仅占5%。众所周知,光学活性物质的对映体 相似文献
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手性胺-质子酸是近年来发展起来的新型高效、高对映选择性的有机催化体系, 已成功应用于催化不对称Aldol反应、Michael加成反应、Diels-Alder反应和Strecker反应等许多重要的有机合成反应. 价廉易得的质子酸的引入不仅可促进活性中间体烯胺的生成, 并可通过形成的氢键稳定反应的过渡态, 从而显著提高该催化体系的催化活性和立体选择性. 对各类手性胺-质子酸催化剂在有机催化不对称合成反应中的应用、不对称诱导反应的机理、手性胺和质子酸的分子结构对其催化活性和不对称诱导活性的影响进行了评述. 相似文献
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稀土金属的配位数较高,可通过容纳大型手性配体,构筑手性环境,催化不对称反应的定向发生,在工业生产特别是制药工程中具有重要应用价值.本文以Henry反应、Mannich反应和Strecker反应为例,总结回顾了稀土金属催化剂在此类反应中的设计思路、性能特点与应用前景,旨在展现稀土金属催化剂兼具融合均相催化与异相催化的优势... 相似文献
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过渡金属络合物催化的均相不对称氢化反应是合成手性化合物的重要方法之一,目前主要集中于钌、铑、铱和钯等贵重过渡金属催化体系,这些贵重过渡金属催化体系面临着地球储量有限、价格昂贵和重金属污染环境等问题,因而发展地球储量丰富、价格低廉、无毒或低毒且对环境友好的铁、钴、镍和铜的均相不对称氢化反应催化体系符合现代化学可持续发展的要求和趋势.简要综述了近些年来廉价金属镍催化的均相不对称氢化反应研究领域的新进展,基于前手性不饱和化合物双键的不同类型,即碳-氧双键(C=O)、碳-碳双键(C=C)以及碳-氮双键(C=N)等,依次介绍它们的研究现状,目前已经取得了突破和可观的研究成果,系统地分析了镍催化体系中催化氢化不同类型底物的优势与不足,并展望了未来的研究方向. 相似文献
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C—C键的形成是药物合成过程中重要的研究内容之一.交叉脱氢偶联直接利用不同反应底物中的C—H键在氧化条件下进行交叉偶联反应形成C—C键,反应过程中避免了反应底物的预先官能化,是构建新的碳-碳键简洁、高效的合成路径,原子利用率高、环境友好,具有重大的理论意义和应用价值.综述了目前过渡金属催化的不对称交叉脱氢偶联反应,重点阐述过渡金属与配体在反应的立体选择性中的应用. 相似文献
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Xiaoyun Wu Dr. Wei Ma Prof. Dr. Weijun Tang Prof. Dr. Dong Xue Prof. Dr. Jianliang Xiao Prof. Dr. Chao Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(60):e202201829
Allylic amines are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, so the development of green and efficient methods for the preparation of allylic amines are of great importance. An Fe-catalyzed amidation of allylic alcohols with chiral tert-butylsulfinamide has been developed. With water as the only by-product, a range of synthetically useful chiral sulfinamide olefin derivatives (30 examples) were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The reaction can be performed on a gram-scale, and the products could serve as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by an Fe-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen process, which is different from most of the reported allylic amination reactions. 相似文献
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《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(35):10627-10630
The reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (Asp RedAm) was combined with a single alcohol dehydrogenase (either metagenomic ADH‐150, an ADH from Sphingobium yanoikuyae (SyADH), or a variant of the ADH from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (Te SADH W110A)) in a redox‐neutral cascade for the biocatalytic alkylation of amines using primary and secondary alcohols. Aliphatic and aromatic secondary amines were obtained in up to 99 % conversion, as well as chiral amines directly from the racemic alcohol precursors in up to >97 % ee , releasing water as the only byproduct. 相似文献
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Catalytic Enantioselective Amination of Alcohols by the Use of Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology: Cooperative Catalysis by Iridium and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Yao Zhang Ching‐Si Lim Derek Sui Boon Sim Hui‐Jie Pan Prof. Yu Zhao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(5):1399-1403
The catalytic asymmetric reduction of ketimines has been explored extensively for the synthesis of chiral amines, with reductants ranging from Hantzsch esters, silanes, and formic acid to H2 gas. Alternatively, the amination of alcohols by the use of borrowing hydrogen methodology has proven a highly atom economical and green method for the production of amines without an external reductant, as the alcohol substrate serves as the H2 donor. A catalytic enantioselective variant of this process for the synthesis of chiral amines, however, was not known. We have examined various transition‐metal complexes supported by chiral ligands known for asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, in combination with chiral Brønsted acids, which proved essential for the formation of the imine intermediate and the transfer‐hydrogenation step. Our studies led to an asymmetric amination of alcohols to provide access to a wide range of chiral amines with good to excellent enantioselectivity. 相似文献
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The ruthenium(III) complex bearing phenylpyridine as a cyclometalated ligand serves as an efficient catalyst for the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of benzylamines to the corresponding benzonitriles under mild conditions. 相似文献
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在选择性氧化的研究中,Cr(Ⅵ)类选择性氧化剂都存在着需特殊制备、配体和溶剂昂贵等缺点。同时,相转移催化技术的使用,也使许多氧化剂有了较好的选择性,但对环境污染严重。间接电氧化虽没有用量大、污染严重的缺点,但没有选择性。为此,我们使用间接电氧化和相转移催化氧化联用的方法,克服了上述缺点。并用Cr(Ⅵ)/Cr(Ⅲ)为间接氧化还原体系对醇类的选择性氧化进行了探讨。结果发现,本实验条件下,苄醇类会选择性地氧化成相应的羰基化合物,且产率高,而非苄醇类的醇则达不到此目的。 相似文献
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Miao Xiao Xin Yue Ruirui Xu Weijun Tang Dong Xue Chaoqun Li Ming Lei Jianliang Xiao Chao Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(31):10638-10646
A practical method for the synthesis of α‐chiral amines by alkylation of amines with alcohols in the absence of any transition‐metal catalysts has been developed. Under the co‐catalysis of a ketone and NaOH, racemic secondary alcohols reacted with Ellman's chiral tert‐butanesulfinamide by a hydrogen autotransfer process to afford chiral amines with high diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1). Broad substrate scope and up to a 10 gram scale production of chiral amines were demonstrated. The method was applied to the synthesis of chiral deuterium‐labelled amines with high deuterium incorporation and optical purity, including examples of chiral deuterated drugs. The configuration of amine products is found to be determined solely by the configuration of the chiral tert‐butanesulfinamide regardless of that of alcohols, and this is corroborated by DFT calculations. Further mechanistic studies showed that the reaction is initiated by the ketone catalyst and involves a transition state similar to that proposed for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction, and importantly, it is the interaction of the sodium cation of the base with both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the sulfinamide moiety that makes feasible, and determines the diastereoselectivity of, the reaction. 相似文献
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Derek Yiren Ong Zhihao Yen Asami Yoshii Julia RevilloImbernon Ryo Takita Shunsuke Chiba 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(15):5046-5051
New protocols for controlled reduction of carboxamides to either alcohols or amines were established using a combination of sodium hydride (NaH) and zinc halides (ZnX2). Use of a different halide on ZnX2 dictates the selectivity, wherein the NaH‐ZnI2 system delivers alcohols and NaH‐ZnCl2 gives amines. Extensive mechanistic studies by experimental and theoretical approaches imply that polymeric zinc hydride (ZnH2)∞ is responsible for alcohol formation, whereas dimeric zinc chloride hydride (H?Zn?Cl)2 is the key species for the production of amines. 相似文献
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通过氮α-位碳自由基构造氮α-位碳-碳键是合成含氮有机化合物的重要方法. 近期, 利用可见光催化氧化芳香叔胺—氮α-位去质子化形成氮α-位碳自由基的原理发展了一系列新颖的自由基加成(偶联)反应, 成为氮α-位碳自由基化学发展的重要方向. 本文应用Ir-催化剂, 实现了光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应, 高效地合成β-氨基羟胺化合物. 该反应条件温和、操作简单, 具有较高的原子经济性, 且对于各种链状、环状以及手性硝酮都具有良好的适用性, 产物可方便地转化为重要的邻二胺化合物. 相似文献