美国AP化学课程中国开展现状

先修课程项目（Advanced Placement Program,AP）是美国大学入学考试委员会自主开发并大力推行的一种课程项目,其主要目的是为具备强烈学习动机和较强能力的学生提供提前学习大学一年级课程的机会,该项目目前已有多门学科在中国开展。通过对国内几位一线AP化学教师的访谈,从参与学生、教材及发展趋势3方面对AP化学课程在中国的开展情况做了介绍。     

高考改革背景下CAP课程的建设与实践

介绍了中国大学先修课程(CAP)的概念、缘由和价值。以简明有机化学为例,阐述了一门CAP课程具体的建设过程与运行情况。CAP课程改善了高中和大学部分课程的衔接,CAP制度的建设与有效实施有助于传播先进的教学理念和优质教学资源的共享,同时多角度的学习能力考评便于新高考模式下辅助高校进行人才选拔。CAP课程体系建设是新时期教学改革发展的必然趋势,但目前还存在CAP课程成绩的权威性、成绩和学分互认困难、高中师资不足、学生学业负担增加等问题。教育部门进行顶层设计,由专业领域具有权威的第三方机构来提供课程运行管理、考试评价服务和师资培训服务是可行做法。     

追求卓越 激发潜能——AP化学课程“电解”课堂实录与评析

通过展示国内开设的AP化学课程中"电解"的课堂实录,体现其"追求卓越,激发潜能"的课程理念,并从实验方法创新、化学探究能力培养、先修课程开发等3个方面进行反思并得出启示。     

首届“中国化学会化学基础教育奖”获得者——杨明生

<正>杨明生老师在安徽省中学化学教育界享有较高的威望,是全省范围内公认的中学化学教学专家和化学教育科研的引领者之一。杨明生老师自1984年从安徽师范大学毕业,一直奋斗在中学化学教育教学及教育科研第一线,从未离开过三尺讲台,深入研究课程标准,积极开展高中化学3个版本的课程标准实验教科书的比较研究,在教学实践中大胆探索,把新课程倡导的3种学习方式内化为"三先三后"(即先自学后教授、先思考后表达、先讨论后回答)的实践模式。为了配合新课程的实施,带领安徽省霍邱县第二中学的化学教学团队,申报了多个学科课程与教学有效性方面的省级规划课题并获得     

高职《高分子材料化学基础》课程教学改革与实践北大核心CSCD

通过对专业基础课程教学改革与实践的探索,从课程内容的整合、项目化教学的实施、多媒体教学的使用、网络课程的建立与学生自主学习的探索等方面,阐述了目前我院《高分子材料化学基础》专业基础课程教学改革的具体思路及做法,体现了专业基础课教学改革的重要性,旨在通过加强专业基础课程建设,优化课程结构,创设特色课程,实现资源共享,在内容上突出实用性,在教学实践上体现职业性,满足高职优秀技术技能型人才培养的需求。     

一门培养师范生教学设计和实施能力的实践性课程介绍

根据基础教育课程改革的发展与需求,在化学学科教师教育转型期间,以"中学化学课程与教学(Ⅱ)"的构建与实践,对系统提高师范生化学教学设计与实施能力做了专题性研究。从课程设计理念、目标及要求、结构与计划、评价与实施等方面进行了探索。     

分析化学(一)教学与科研互促的实践探索

分析化学(一)是化学专业的专业核心课程之一。为提高课程教学质量,提升学生学习兴趣,实现教学与科研的相互促进,开展了科研成果融入教学内容、教学内容启发研究灵感等实践探索,实施效果令人满意。     

化学专业拔尖学生实验教学体系的探索与实践

介绍了山东大学化学学科拔尖学生实验教学体系的探索与实践,在实验教学体系、教学内容、教学方法、师资建设四个方面总结了近十年来课程改革及实施成效,探索适应化学拔尖人才培养的实验课程体系和运行机制。     

课程思政背景下大学基础有机化学实验教学探索与实践*

从大学基础有机化学实验“课程思政”建设背景出发,讨论了课程思政的育人目标、实验教学中如何融入课程思政、课程思政的建设策略以及课程思政实施与考核评价方式等方面。结合实验教学过程探讨了基础有机化学实验教学中融入课程思政的教学探索和实践。     

高职《高分子材料化学基础》课程教学改革与实践

通过对专业基础课程教学改革与实践的探索,从课程内容的整合、项目化教学的实施、多媒体教学的使用、网络课程的建立与学生自主学习的探索等方面,阐述了目前我院《高分子材料化学基础》专业基础课程教学改革的具体思路及做法,体现了专业基础课教学改革的重要性,旨在通过加强专业基础课程建设,优化课程结构,创设特色课程,实现资源共享,在内容上突出实用性,在教学实践上体现职业性,满足高职优秀技术技能型人才培养的需求。     

Design of an Asynchronous Internet-Based Course for Advanced Placement Chemistry Teachers

This paper may be of particular interest to readers who are interested in designing the non-laboratory portion of an Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry workshop and/or interested in a basic design for a simple asynchronous distance-learning Web site.The design, organization, delivery, and results of a course for high school AP chemistry teachers are presented. The course, Concepts of AP Chemistry, was delivered as an eight-week summer program by a combination of two methods: a textbook and the Internet. Its principal objectives were to help teachers to review selected concepts; to understand the breadth, depth, and subtlety of the AP examination as well as the motivation, ability, and dedication required of AP students; and to access course-related information via the Internet. A secondary objective was to expand the participantss familiarity with technology suitable for use in their courses. A Web site and list server were used for communication. The Web site was the source of assignments and links to resources. E-mail and the list server were used to discuss assignments and to post questions and comments from participants. Participants returned assignments by email.AP is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board which does not endorse this product.     

Synthesis and combustion catalytic activity of ferrocene-based energetic compounds

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a common oxidizer in composite solid rocket propellants due to its excellent burning characteristics, good processability, and storability. Owing to their outstanding catalytic effects, ferrocene, and its derivatives have become the most widely used burning rate catalysts (BRCs). The addition of ferrocene and its derivatives to AP rendered performance optimization. In this study, azole-based ferrocenyl compounds were successfully synthesized. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and other techniques. The thermal degradation of AP catalyzed by these compounds was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results revealed that the decomposition peak temperature of AP dramatically decreases and that the released heat of AP significantly increases with the new compounds as additives. Hence, the six azole-based ferrocenyl BR catalysts are favorable for the combustion catalytic activity.     

Highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma applanatum

Two new highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids, ganoderic acid AP2 (1) and ganoderic acid AP3 (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Ganodermataceae), along with four known analogues, ganoderenic acids A, B, D and G (3-6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.     

跟踪高分子学科发展前沿，建设高分子物理国家精品课程

为建设高分子物理精品课程,近年来我们关注和跟踪高分子科学发展前沿,开设了"高分子材料流变学"、"高分子凝聚态物理"等新课,编著出版新教材。这些课程和教材的一个显著特点是不失时机地将学科发展的新动态、新成果引入研究生、本科生教学,提升高分子物理课教学质量。在编著新教材中,除介绍大量新知识、新思想外,还探索性地构建起新课程的理论体系和框架。     

Desorption/ionization of biomolecules from aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure using an infrared laser at 3 μm

A new atmospheric pressure (AP) infrared (IR) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion source was developed and interfaced with a Thermo Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. The source utilized a miniature all-solid-state optical parametric oscillator (OPO)-based IR laser system tunable in the lambda = 1.5-4 microm spectral range and a nitrogen ultraviolet (UV) laser (lambda = 337 nm) for use in comparative studies. The system demonstrated comparable performance at 3 microm and 337 nm wavelengths if UV matrices were used. However, AP IR-MALDI using a 3 microm wavelength showed good performance with a much broader choice of matrices including glycerol and liquid water. AP IR-MALDI mass spectra of peptides in the mass range up to 2000 Da were obtained directly from aqueous solutions at atmospheric conditions for the first time. A potential use of the new AP IR-MALDI ion source includes direct MS analysis of biological cells and tissues in a normal atmospheric environment as well as on-line coupling of mass spectrometers with liquid separation techniques.     

基于离子液体修饰碳纳米管电极的碱性磷酸酶电化学检测

利用自制的离子液体修饰碳纳米管电极(CNTs-ILE),在对CNTs-ILE的特性及对碱性磷酸酶(AP)酶促反应的底物磷酸对硝基苯酯(PNPP)和产物对硝基苯酚(PNP)进行电化学研究的基础上,采用安培法对酶促反应进程实现了持续动态的检测.实验表明,CNTs-ILE的循环伏安特性优于传统玻碳电极,且它在检测PNP时呈现出良好的抗钝化特性.当AP浓度范围在1.0～100 U/L时,电流大小与AP的浓度呈良好的线性关系.本方法可快速检测AP浓度,检测时间在20 min内.CNTs-ILE具有良好的抗钝化、操作简单及制作成本低等特点,在碱性磷酸酶的检测领域中有望得到进一步发展.在传统ELISA基础上,利用CNTs-ILE对具体样本最终的AP酶促反应产物进行电化学检测,通过峰值电流大小确定抗原浓度,为检测以AP为标记酶的抗原和抗体提供了理论依据.     

Electroanalytical determination of acetaminophen using nano-TiO(2)/polymer coated electrode in the presence of dopamine

We report a new method for selective determination of acetaminophen (AP) in physiological condition. A new hybrid film modified electrode was fabricated using inorganic semiconducting nano-TiO(2) particles and redox active polymer. Redox polymer, poly(acid yellow 9) (PAY) was electrochemically deposited onto nano-TiO(2) coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Surface characterizations of modified electrode were investigated by using atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. The PAY/nano-TiO(2)/GC hybrid electrode shows stable redox response in the pH range 1-12 and exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities towards AP in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). Consequently, a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of AP. The oxidation peak current was proportional to the concentration of acetaminophen from 1.2 x 10(-5) to 1.20 x 10(-4)M and the detection limit was found to be 2.0 x 10(-6)M (S/N=3). Possible interferences were tested and evaluated that it could be possible to selective detection of AP in the presences of dopamine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ascorbic acid and uric acid. The proposed method was used to detect acetaminophen in commercial drugs and the obtained results are satisfactory.     

3D-QSAR and Surflex Docking Studies of a Series of Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors

Alkaline phosphatases(APs) include the placental AP(PLAP), germ cell AP(GCAP), intestinal AP(IAP) and tissue nonspecific AP(TNAP). Over expression of TNAP in smooth muscle cells of kidney and vessels provokes the progress of such serious diseases as end-stage renal disease, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification, ankylosis, osteoarthritis and diabetes. In order to design and optimize the potent TNAP inhibitors, comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA) were used to analyze 3D structure-activity relationships(3D-QSAR) of TNAP inhibitors. The 3D-QSAR model(CoMFA with q~2 = 0.521, r~2 = 0.930; CoMSIA with q~2 = 0.529, r~2 = 0.933) had a good predictability. Surflex-dock was used to reveal the binding mode between the inhibitors and TNAP protein. CoMFA, CoMSIA and docking results provide guidance for the discovery of TNAP inhibitors. Finally, eight new compounds as potential TNAP inhibitors were designed.     

Phage display evolution of a peptide substrate for yeast biotin ligase and application to two-color quantum dot labeling of cell surface proteins

Site-specific protein labeling with Escherichia coli biotin ligase (BirA) has been used to introduce fluorophores, quantum dots (QDs), and photocross-linkers onto recombinant proteins fused to a 15-amino acid acceptor peptide (AP) substrate for BirA and expressed on the surface of living mammalian cells. Here, we used phage display to engineer a new and orthogonal biotin ligase-AP pair for site-specific protein labeling. Yeast biotin ligase (yBL) does not recognize the AP, but we discovered a new 15-amino acid substrate for yBL called the yeast acceptor peptide (yAP), using two generations of phage display selection from 15-mer peptide libraries. The yAP is not recognized by BirA, and thus, we were able to specifically label AP and yAP fusion proteins coexpressed in the same cell with differently colored QDs. We fused the yAP to a variety of recombinant proteins and demonstrated biotinylation by yBL at the N-terminus, C-terminus, and within a flexible internal region. yBL is extremely sequence-specific, as endogenous proteins on the surface of yeast and HeLa cells are not biotinylated. This new methodology expands the scope of biotin ligase labeling to two-color imaging and yeast-based applications.     

构建网络学习资源提高民族高校有机化学课程教学质量

High-quality online course materials were reconstructed through feedback from undergraduate students and online data analysis regarding constructed learning materials on the Chao Xing Learning Platform. They were used for studying organic chemistry courses online and offline in university for nationalities. This model, based on student-centered teaching, can effectively transform students from passively accepting knowledge to actively learning and internalizing knowledge. This strategy can also enhance the students' learning initiative and the effects of learning, and hopefully be helpful to the universities in multi-ethnic areas in developing fundamental disciplined construction of organic chemistry and other courses.