Effects of Immobilized Metal Ion on Retention Behaviors of Proteins in Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography

The chromatographic behaviors of proteins on iminodiacetic acid (IDA) column with and without immobilized metal ion were examined in detail. Comparing the effects of pI, solution pH, and salt concentration on retention of proteins in cation‐exchange chromatography (CEC) and metal chelate affinity chromatography (MCAC), the retention mechanism of proteins was investigated in MCAC. By aid of observing the retention characteristics of proteins on naked IDA and metal chelate columns in high concentration salt‐out salt solution, the hydrophobic interaction in MCAC and the influence of metal ion on it were proved. In terms of the comparison of the thermodynamics of proteins in CEC and MCAC, the thermostability, the conformational change entropy Δ(ΔS⁰) and enthalpy Δ(ΔH⁰), compensation temperature β, the driving force and caloritic effect of proteins in MCAC were discussed. The identity of retention mechanism at protein thermal denaturation in CEC and MCAC was demonstrated by using the compensation relationship between ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰.     

蛋白质在固定Zn2+金属螯合亲和色谱中的变性热力学

在15~85℃宽温度范围,研究了蛋白质在固定Zn2 金属螯合色谱系统中的热行为和变性热力学。实验结果表明,蛋白质在色谱过程都有一个固定的热转变温度:核糖核酸酶(RNase)、α-胰凝乳蛋白酶原A(α-Chy)的热转变温度约为55℃,细胞色素C(Cyt-C)和溶菌酶(Lys)约为65℃;,热转变温度的出现标志蛋白质构象发生变化;利用Van′tHoff作图测定了蛋白质在色谱系统热变性时的标准焓变ΔH°和标准熵变ΔS°,提出用标准熵变ΔS°和自由能变ΔG°判断蛋白质构象变化;利用ΔH°-ΔS°的线性关系估算了蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度,鉴定了蛋白质各变体在金属螯合色谱中保留机理的同一性,RNase、Cyt-C、Lys和α-Chy的补偿温度分别为55℃、65.8℃、65.2℃和54.8℃;根据蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度和构象变化熵变Δ(ΔS°)的大小,讨论了蛋白质在阳离子交换色谱和固定Zn的金属螯合色谱体系中的热稳定性。实验证明,在IDA裸柱引入Zn2 后蛋白质在色谱系统中的热稳定性减小,平均补偿温度从65.3℃降低到59.7℃,而构象变化熵变的绝对值大幅度升高。     

Aptamer-Based Alternatives to the Conventional Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography for Purification of His-Tagged Proteins

Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptide molecules that are able to bind to their specific target molecules with high affinity via molecular recognition. In this study, we present development of aptamer-based affinity purification for His-tagged proteins for comparison of purification efficiency with the conventional Ni²⁺-based affinity chromatography. Thiol-functionalized aptamers able to specifically bind to His-tag were immobilized employing two crosslinking methods onto the surface of polystyrene resins. The resulting aptamer-anchored resins were successfully applied for purification of His-tagged proteins from complex E. coli and human cell lysates, respectively, and superior or at least comparable purification results to the conventional immobilized metal affinity chromatography were obtained via one-step purification.     

壳聚糖-硅基凝胶微球作为固定化金属螯合亲和色谱基质的研究

采用溶胶凝胶及微乳液技术制备了以壳聚糖-硅基杂化材料为骨架并带有金属离子螯合官能团的球形基质(CSHB),并对该基质的制备条件及结构形貌进行了研究与表征。实验表明,当微乳液反应体系的组分为:100mL壳聚糖溶液(2%m/V)、100mL Span乳化剂、250mL环己烷、13.3mL四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、1.33mL 3-缩水甘油丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)和亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)0.802g时,可获得粒径均匀,刚性较好的微球。红外光谱证明了该基质是一种多组分的杂合材料,差热分析数据表明该杂合材料的热稳定性随反应体系中GPTMS的含量增加而增大。CSHB通过动态吸附金属离子Cu2 与Ni2 后,可对金属螯合蛋白产生配位吸附作用。Cu2 -CSHB柱对牛血清蛋白(BSA)具良好的可逆吸附能力,蛋白能被咪唑等金属离子螯合剂洗脱,回收率达76.6%。BSA在CSHB柱上的吸附率只有4.7%,表明CSHB对蛋白的非特异吸附较低。Ni2 -CSHB柱对过氧化氢酶(CAT)也显示出初步的纯化效果,一步纯化倍数为2.43倍。该基质有望用于具有组氨酸纯化标签的基因工程表达蛋白的分离与纯化。     

金属螯合亲和色谱中固定金属与蛋白质的作用

在不同PHNaCl的磷酸缓冲体系,比较了牛血清蛋白（BSA）、核糖核酸酶（RNase)、细色素C（Cyt-C)和溶菌酶（Lys)在IDA裸柱和一些金属螯合柱上的保留特性,考察了固定金属对蛋白质保留行为的影响,指出蛋白质在强结合IDA－Cu柱上的保留主要受固定金属和蛋白质间配位作用支配,在弱亲和的IDA－Ni,IDA-Co和IDA－Zn柱上的保留主要受静电作用控制,配位作用为辅,讨论了金属螯合亲和色谱中影响蛋白质和金属配位的主要因素,金属离子的电荷和半径,配位原子对中心离子外层d轨道的影响,以及蛋白质表面配位的组氨酸数目,离解常数和取向,影响金属螯合配体和蛋白质静电作用的主要因素为溶液的PH和蛋白质的等电点pI.     

纤维素金属螯合物及其质谱分析在研究血清蛋白质与多肽中的应用

用纤维素做固相支持物,通过碱处理、环氧活化、偶联螯合剂、固定金属离子等方法制成纤维素金属螯合物,并用合成的纤维素金属螯合物处理健康人血清,然后通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF-MS)检测蛋白质和多肽以确定其分离效果。确定了最佳的合成方法、螯合剂、金属离子和缓冲体系。再利用普通的纤维素制成了性能优良的纤维素金属螯合物,它能较好地分离血清中的蛋白质和多肽。     

蛋白质在金属螯合亲和色谱中的竞争洗脱

以细胞色素C和溶菌酶为代表,研究了蛋白质在强亲和性金属螯合柱(IDA-Cu(Ⅱ))上的保留行为。考察了竞争剂、缓冲体系对蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上保留值的影响。发现在PBS和NaAc-HAc缓冲体系用咪唑(Imid)和甘氨酸(Gly)作竞争剂,可使蛋白质得到较好分离;在Gly和Imid竞争体系,分别研究了pH值变化对蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上保留值的影响。为使蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上得到有效分离且减少固定金属Cu2+的流失,对Gly体系,最好采用竞争置换和降低pH值相结合的方式进行洗脱。对Imid体系,溶液pH值应控制在6.0为宜,低pH值下蛋白质则不宜被洗脱。结果表明,竞争剂浓度与蛋白质在IDA-Cu(Ⅱ)柱上的保留关系均符合计量置换模型。随着竞争剂浓度的增加,蛋白质的保留值减小。保留因子(k′)的对数与竞争剂浓度倒数(1/[D])的对数具有良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数分别在0.984和0.986以上。     

Breakthrough Model of Recombinant Human-Like Collagen in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

The adsorption of recombinant human-like collagen by metal chelate media was investigated in a batch reactor and in a fixed-bed column. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics had been studied by batch adsorption experiments. Equilibrium parameters and protein diffusivities were estimated by matching the models with the experimental data. Using the parameters of equilibrium and kinetics, various models, such as axial diffusion model, linear driving force model, and constant pattern model, were used to simulate the breakthrough curves on the columns. As a result, the most suitable isotherm was the Langmuir–Freundlich model, and the ionic strength had no effect on the adsorption capacity of chelate media. In addition, the pore diffusion model fitted very well to the kinetic data. The pore diffusivities decreased with increasing the initial protein concentration, however had little change with the ionic strength. The results also indicated that the models predict breakthrough curves reasonably well to the experimental data, especially at low initial protein concentration (0.3 mg ml⁻¹) and low flow rate (34 cm h⁻¹). By the results, we optimized the experimental conditions of a chromatographic process using immobilized metal affinity chromatography to purify recombinant human-like collagen.     

Two‐step Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) for Phosphoproteomics Using Mass Spectrometry

In this study, a new strategy named two‐step IMAC is demonstrated as a novel prelude to MS analysis of phosphoproteome by increasing the enrichment factor of phosphoproteins/phosphopeptides from a protein mixture. In this method, the first IMAC was performed at the protein level to extract the minute amount of phosphoproteins present in the sample. During this step, nonphosphoproteins and other undesired chemicals or inhibitors were excluded. After tryptic digestion, the second IMAC was performed at the peptide level to enrich phosphopeptides present in the tryptic digest, and the eluent from the second IMAC was analyzed by MALDI‐MS. It is particularly noticeable that the eluent from the first IMAC can be directly digested by trypsin without buffer exchange. Our results revealed that β‐casein that was spiked in a protein mixture can be successfully extracted by the first IMAC at a concentration of less than 1–3%, and the two phosphopeptides of β‐casein with single and four phosphorylation sites, respectively, can be captured by the second IMAC. It was found that the two‐step IMAC method could significantly reduce non‐specific bindings from unwanted proteins and greatly enhance the MALDI‐MS signal of phosphopeptide ions compared to the typical one‐step IMAC, by which only IMAC at the peptide level was performed. Two‐step IMAC was also found to tolerate a greater amount and a greater concentration range of proteins than one‐step IMAC, which is especially important when analyzing complicated unknown samples. Furthermore, the MS signal of phosphopeptide ions did not appear to be degraded by the presence of biological matrixes, such as the cell lysate in which the β‐casein was spiked in.     

新型固定化铁离子亲和色谱整体柱的制备及评价

以N-丙烯酰氧基琥珀酰亚胺为功能单体,制备了含有高活性基团的整体材料基质.以次氨基三乙酸为配体,通过固载Fe3+,发展了一种固定化Fe3+亲和色谱(Fe-IMAC)整体柱的制备方法.该整体柱不仅对磷酸化肽具有很好的选择性,而且富集容量大、回收率高、重现性好.此外,利用该整体柱实现了牛奶蛋白质酶解产物中磷酸化肽段的选择性富集.本实验研制的Fe-IMAC整体柱有望用于磷酸化蛋白质组研究.     

High Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography of Proteins

Abstract

High performance anion-exchange chromatography using an aqueous solvent system is presented for the analysis and preparation of proteins. Ten purified proteins, having a molecular weight of 10,000 - 190,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 3.9 - 8.5, were applied to a diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) polymer-based column and eluted within 60 min by a linear salt gradient of NaCl in 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5. The retention time of protein increases linearly with a decreasing order of the pI value of the protein in this system. By the application of this method, neuron-specific enolase and ceruloplasmin were purified from partially-purified preparations of these proteins respectively, and a series of isoforms of brain S100 protein were separated from each other. This column is capable of separating proteins in high speed, high resolution, large capacity, and in considerably high recovery of proteins without losing the biological activity.     

固定化金属离子亲和色谱法纯化猪铜锌超氧化物歧化酶

以Ｃｕ~（２＋）－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ固定化金属离子亲和色谱法纯化猪铜锌超氧化物歧化酶,考察了不同的洗脱缓冲溶液及其ｐＨ对纯化效率的影响,显示了方法的有效性。     

一种金属螯合连续棒色谱柱的制备及色谱性能

金属螯合色谱（IMAC）在生物大分子的分离和纯化中有广泛的应用,通过改变IMAC的洗脱条件和被螯合的金属离子种类,生物大分子可获得选择性分离。目前,IMAC通常以有机和无机微球作固定相,由于柱死体积的存在,使色谱柱空间利用率低,且降低了蛋白质分离的柱效。近年报道的连续棒色谱柱是由直径1μm左右的微粒堆积而成的整体,消除了色谱柱的死体积,该类色谱柱用于蛋白的反相、疏水、离子交换和亲和色谱分离均可获得高的分离效率。然而,至今尚未见到对金属螯合连续棒色谱柱制备及应用的研究报道。对蛋白的IMAC分离机理研究中,研究流动相pH对分离的影响是主要手段之一,但通常研究的pH值的5.0-9.0的窄范围内。本文提出和制备了以交联聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯连续棒为基质的金属螯合色谱柱,并研究了pH在2.0-11.0的较宽范围内对蛋白保留的影响。     

Purification of a Lectin from M. rubra Leaves Using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography and Its Characterization

Lectins represent a heterogeneous group of proteins/glycoproteins with unique carbohydrate specificity, with wide range of biomedical applications. The multi-step purification protocols generally used for purification of lectin result in a significant reduction in the final yield and activity. In the present study, Morus rubra lectin (MRL) was purified to homogeneity from the leaves using a single-step immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) procedure. The approximate molecular weight of purified MRL resolved as a single band on SDS-PAGE was 52?kDa. Final percentage yield of purified lectin by IMAC was calculated as 74.7?%. Purified MRL was specific to three sugars, galactose, d-galactosamine and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, and rendered haemagglutination (HA) activity towards different human blood group RBCs. MRL showed stability over a wide range of temperature (up to 80?°C) and pH (4?C11). Chelation of the lectin with EDTA did not alter HA which indicates that metal ion is not required for activity. In the presence of Fe²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺, HA activity was reduced to 50?%, whereas the presence of trivalent metal ions (Fe3⁺ and Al³⁺) and Cu²⁺ did not affect the activity. In the presence of Mg²⁺ and Hg²⁺, only 25?% of HA activity remained.     

Isolation of Ligands of Trace Metals from Plant Samples by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Abstract

Isolation of ligands of trace elements from plants by affinity chromatography with a metal immobilised on iminodiacetate resin has been investigated. To simulate various types of bioligands the following compounds were tested: phytic acid, peptides containing Cys and peptides containing Asp. Optimal conditions allowing isolation of the peptides with good efficiency comprise the use of Ga³⁺ ion, sample adsorption at pH = 4 and elution of the compounds by 0.3 mol/l NH₃. Phytic acid was bound too tightly and was not eluted. The procedure was used for purification of extracts of rye flour. The purified sample is suitable for analysis by MALDI-MS.     

蛋白质制备色谱的研究

研究了蛋白质纯化制备的二种运行模式,其一,在色谱柱超载下纯化制备蛋白质模式,并成功地用离子交换色谱纯化制备了大豆中的胰蛋白酶,用反相液相色谱纯化了细胞色素Ｃ;其二,用溶质－溶质顶替色谱纯化制备了核糖核酸酶－Ａ,并对顶替色谱过程中诸参数进行了讨论和选择。     

固定Fe 3＋的磁性微球分离富集鼠肝中铁结合蛋白的初步研究

采用键合Fe3＋的纳米材料分离富集了大鼠肝脏中的铁结合蛋白质组, 并进行了质谱分析. 在相同的起始富集蛋白质量以及相同的吸附和洗脱条件下, 键合了Fe3＋的磁性纳米材料比未键合金属离子的空白材料富集了更多的蛋白质, 经质谱鉴定得到42个蛋白质, 主要包括代谢酶类、呼吸链主要成员、氧化还原蛋白、转运蛋白、血红蛋白等.     

固定Fe3＋的磁性微球分离富集鼠肝中铁结合蛋白的初步研究

采用键合Fe3 的纳米材料分离富集了大鼠肝脏中的铁结合蛋白质组,并进行了质谱分析.在相同的起始富集蛋白质量以及相同的吸附和洗脱条件下,键合了Fe3 的磁性纳米材料比未键合金属离子的空白材料富集了更多的蛋白质,经质谱鉴定得到42个蛋白质,主要包括代谢酶类、呼吸链主要成员、氧化还原蛋白、转运蛋白、血红蛋白等.     

Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Egg-White Proteins on Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Gels for Designing Fractionation

Designing an Immobilized Metal ion Affinity (IMA) chromatographic process on large scale demands a thorough understanding to be developed regarding the adsorption behaviour of proteins on metal loaded IMA (IMA-M(II)) gels and the characteristic adsorption parameters to be evaluated. This research investigation illustrates the significance of these aspects for the proposed fractionation of chicken egg-white proteins on these gels. Consequently, a systematic investigation of the adsorption characteristics of three chicken egg-white proteins viz., ovalbumin, conalbumin and lysozyme on Cu(II) and Ni(II) loaded IMA gels, iminodiacetate (IDA) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), has been undertaken. These gels differ in their selectivity towards the proteins of interest under the identical sets of experimental conditions. While TREN-Ni(II) was selective only for lysozyme, IDA-Cu(II), IDA-Ni(II) and TREN-Cu(II) showed varying affinities for all the three proteins. The equilibrium and kinetic data were analysed using various theoretical models and adsorption parameters were quantified. On the basis of these investigations, various strategies have been proposed for the efficient large-scale fractionation of chicken egg-white proteins on these gels.     

基于磁性微球的固定化金属亲和载体及其在蛋白质/多肽纯化中的应用

采用模板法制备的单分散磁性硅胶微球,经过表面修饰偶联上亚氨基二乙酸(IDA),与过渡金属离子Cu2 螯合,制成一种新型的磁性固定化金属亲和纯化载体。用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为模型进行磁性固定化金属亲和吸附蛋白的研究,结果表明,BSA在磁性亲和载体上的吸附可用Langmuir吸附方程描述,对BSA的饱和吸附量为90mg/g。将磁性亲和载体用于带有组氨酸标签的镇痛抗肿瘤多肽(analgesic-antitumorpeptide,AGAP)纯化,在未经过滤的细胞裂解液中可以将AGAP一步纯化,非特异性吸附低,操作简便,完全适用于含有组氨酸标记的重组多肽或蛋白的分离纯化。